Bücher der Reihe La Matematica per il 3+2

Questo breve libro propone con uno spirito via via d¿immagine storiografica e di dettaglio matematico, la nascita e l¿evoluzione del concetto di curvatura: le sue origini ancestrali nella meccanica, nell¿astronomia, nella geodesia, e infine, chiaramente nella geometria. Gli aspetti tecnici, a volte estremamente semplici, altre volte complessi, sono sempre accompagnati da spiegazioni che si sperano esaurienti.È ben noto che su entrambi i versanti culturali proposti nel libro, molto si è scritto e ad altissimo livello; qui, c¿è un tentativo di sintesi, della storiografia e della matematica sul tema della curvatura. Il racconto del filo che intercorre tra Huygens, Gauss, Riemann, Christoffel, Ricci Curbastro, Levi-Civita e infine Einstein, è stato sicuramente già ben proposto sul versante puramente storico o in quello prettamente matematico: è una speranza che la narrazione qui presentata, con questi punti di vista intrecciati, sia infine soddisfacente. Il tentativo andava fatto. L¿augurio forte è che gli argomenti narrati risultino coinvolgenti per il lettore, spingendolo ad esplorare autonomamente altri aspetti magari nascosti nelle pieghe della nozione di curvatura e del mondo che ci vive attorno. Il volume muove inizialmente dal racconto di qualche frammento di cosmologia antica e medioevale. Tutto ciò è solo apparentemente estraneo al corpo vivo della materia: ritroveremo per esempio che la concezione cosmologica di Dante, riassunta qui matematicamente, propose un universo come un¿ipersfera 3-dimensionale che, quasi incidentalmente, risulterà proprio il modello cosmologico offerto da Einstein nel 1917 per il suo universo chiuso e statico. Ed è proprio la curvatura che domina quella scena, oggetto matematico protagonista della teoria della relatività generale einsteniana. I personaggi prima elencati vengono comunque narrati anche nelle loro salienti vicende umane, a volte altamente drammatiche, come accadde per esempio per Riemann e TullioLevi-Civita. In un certo senso, la storia della curvatura accompagna la storia dell¿umanità.Benché inizialmente sia stato generato da un disegno didattico, il volume è indirizzato ad un pubblico non necessariamente studentesco, con una cultura scientifica di base.

This book serves as a concise textbook for students in an advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate course in various disciplines such as applied mathematics, control, and engineering, who want to understand the modern standard of numerical methods of ordinary and delay differential equations. Experts in the same fields can also learn about the recent developments in numerical analysis of such differential systems. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) provide a strong mathematical tool to express a wide variety of phenomena in science and engineering. Along with its own significance, one of the powerful directions toward which ODEs extend is to incorporate an unknown function with delayed argument. This is called delay differential equations (DDEs), which often appear in mathematical modelling of biology, demography, epidemiology, and control theory. In some cases, the solution of a differential equation can be obtained by algebraic combinations of known mathematical functions. In many practical cases, however, such a solution is quite difficult or unavailable, and numerical approximations are called for. Modern development of computers accelerates the situation and, moreover, launches more possibilities of numerical means. Henceforth, the knowledge and expertise of the numerical solution of differential equations becomes a requirement in broad areas of science and engineering.One might think that a well-organized software package such as MATLAB serves much the same solution. In a sense, this is true; but it must be kept in mind that blind employment of software packages misleads the user. The gist of numerical solution of differential equations still must be learned. The present book is intended to provide the essence of numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations as well as of delay differential equations. Particularly, the authors noted that there are still few concise textbooks of delay differential equations, and then they set about filling the gap through descriptions as transparent as possible. Major algorithms of numerical solution are clearly described in this book. The stability of solutions of ODEs and DDEs is crucial as well. The book introduces the asymptotic stability of analytical and numerical solutions and provides a practical way to analyze their stability by employing a theory of complex functions.

This book aims at introducing students into the modern analytical foundations to treat problems and situations in the Calculus of Variations solidly and rigorously. Since no background is taken for granted or assumed, as the textbook pretends to be self-contained, areas like basic Functional Analysis and Sobolev spaces are studied to the point that chapters devoted to these topics can be utilized by themselves as an introduction to these important parts of Analysis. The material in this regard has been selected to serve the needs of classical variational problems, leaving broader treatments for more advanced and specialized courses in those areas. It should not be forgotten that problems in the Calculus of Variations historically played a crucial role in pushing Functional Analysis as a discipline on its own right. The style is intentionally didactic. After a first general chapter to place optimization problems in infinite-dimensional spaces in perspective, the first part of the book focuses on the initial important concepts in Functional Analysis and introduces Sobolev spaces in dimension one as a preliminary, simpler case (much in the same way as in the successful book of H. Brezis). Once the analytical framework is covered, one-dimensional variational problems are examined in detail including numerous examples and exercises. The second part dwells, again as a first-round, on another important chapter of Functional Analysis that students should be exposed to, and that eventually will find some applications in subsequent chapters. The first chapter of this part examines continuous operators and the important principles associated with mappings between functional spaces; and another one focuses on compact operators and their fundamental and remarkable properties for Analysis. Finally, the third part advances to multi-dimensional Sobolev spaces and the corresponding problems in the Calculus of Variations. In this setting, problems become much more involved and, for this same reason, much more interesting and appealing. In particular, the final chapter dives into a number of advanced topics, some of which reflect a personal taste. Other possibilities stressing other kinds of problems are possible. In summary, the text pretends to help students with their first exposure to the modern calculus of variations and the analytical foundation associated with it. In particular, it covers an extended introduction to basic functional analysis and to Sobolev spaces. The tone of the text and the set of proposed exercises will facilitate progressive understanding until the need for further challenges beyond the topics addressed here will push students to more advanced horizons.

This book addresses the relationship between algebraic formulas and geometric images. In spite of the simplicity and importance of this problem, it remains unsolved to this day although, as the book shows, many remarkable results have been discovered.

This book is addressed to mathematics and physics students who want to develop an interdisciplinary view of mathematics, from the age of Riemann, Poincare and Darboux to basic tools of modern mathematics. linear and non-linear hyperbolic equations; pseudo-differential operators and pseudo-differential equations.

This book provides a basic, initial resource, introducing science and engineering students to the field of optimization. It covers three main areas: mathematical programming, calculus of variations and optimal control, highlighting the ideas and concepts and offering insights into the importance of optimality conditions in each area.

The second edition has been revised to correct minor errata, and features a number of carefully selected new exercises, together with more detailed explanations of some of the topics. A complete Solutions Manual, containing solutions to all the exercises published in the book, is available.

Accordingly, this textbook is not meant to cover the whole range of this high-performance technical programming environment, but to motivate first- and second-year undergraduate students in mathematics and computer science to learn Matlab by studying representative problems, developing algorithms and programming them in Matlab.

Then, after a self-contained presentation of degree theory for continuous self-maps of the circumference, we study the global theory of plane curves, introducing winding and rotation numbers, and proving the Jordan curve theorem for curves of class C2, and Hopf theorem on the rotation number of closed simple curves.

This book is designed as an advanced undergraduate or a first-year graduate course for students from various disciplines like applied mathematics, physics, engineering.

This book provides an introduction to elementary probability and to Bayesian statistics using de Finetti's subjectivist approach. The subjective evaluation of expectation and of conditional expectation is based on an economic choice of an acceptable bet or penalty.

As a limit theory of quantum mechanics, classical dynamics comprises a large variety of phenomena, from computable (integrable) to chaotic (mixing) behavior.

In turn, the second part focuses on applications, covering a large variety of significant results ranging from ordinary differential equations in Banach spaces, to partial differential equations, operator theory, functional analysis, measure theory, and game theory.

Finite volume methods are used in numerous applications and by a broad multidisciplinary scientific community. The book communicates this important tool to students, researchers in training and academics involved in the training of students in different science and technology fields.

This book provides a basic introduction to reduced basis (RB) methods for problems involving the repeated solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) arising from engineering and applied sciences, such as PDEs depending on several parameters and PDE-constrained optimization.

Groups are a means of classification, via the group action on a set, but also the object of a classification. Hoelder's program for attacking this problem in the case of finite groups is a sort of leitmotiv throughout the text. The last two chapters deal with the representation theory of finite group and the cohomology theory of groups;

This book, intended as a practical working guide for calculus students, includes 450 exercises.

This book provides an introduction to the analysis of discrete dynamical systems. The content is presented by an unitary approach that blends the perspective of mathematical modeling together with the ones of several discipline as Mathematical Analysis, Linear Algebra, Numerical Analysis, Systems Theory and Probability.

This textbook presents problems and exercises at various levels of difficulty in the following areas: Classical Methods in PDEs (diffusion, waves, transport, potential equations); Variational Formulation of Elliptic Problems; and Weak Formulation for Parabolic Problems and for the Wave Equation.

This is an introductory textbook on general and algebraic topology, aimed at anyone with a basic knowledge of calculus and linear algebra. complete metric spaces and function spaces; It is suitable for anyone needing a basic, comprehensive introduction to general and algebraic topology and its applications.

This book provides an introduction to various aspects of Algebraic Statistics with the principal aim of supporting Master's and PhD students who wish to explore the algebraic point of view regarding recent developments in Statistics.

This primer covers a remarkably wide range of topics in discrete calculus, from combinatorics to recurrence relations. With examples and exercises throughout, the text's clarity and rigor are informed by extensive teaching experience and academic discussion.

The book represents a basic support for a master course in electromagnetism oriented to numerical simulation.

In this book we describe the magic world of mathematical models: starting from real-life problems, we formulate them in terms of equations, transform equations into algorithms and algorithms into programs to be executed on computers.A broad variety of examples and exercises illustrate that properly designed models can, e.g.: predict the way the number of dolphins in the Aeolian Sea will change as food availability and fishing activity vary; describe the blood flow in a capillary network; calculate the PageRank of websites.This book also includes a chapter with an elementary introduction to Octave, an open-source programming language widely used in the scientific community. Octave functions and scripts for dealing with the problems presented in the text can be downloaded from https://paola-gervasio.unibs.it/quarteroni-gervasioThis book is addressed to any student interested in learning how to construct and apply mathematical models.

The book collects over 120 exercises on different subjects of Mathematical Finance, including Option Pricing, Risk Theory, and Interest Rate Models.

This short book, geared towards undergraduate students of computer science and mathematics, is specifically designed for a first course in mathematical logic.

Stats for social sciences is frequently the subject of textbooks, while maths for social sciences is often neglected: monographs on specific themes (like, for instance, social choice systems or game theory applications) are available, but they do not adequately cover the topic in general.