Bücher der Reihe Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence

This book contains the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of two events discussing AI for Human Computing: one Special Session during the Eighth International ACM Conference on Multimodal Interfaces 2006 and a Workshop organized in conjunction with the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2007.

As a comprehensive theme, "Embodied Communication in Humans and Machines" was taken up by an international research group hosted by Bielefeld University's Center for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF - Zentrum fur interdisziplinare Forschung) from October 2005 through September 2006.

The papers present a family of Conceptual Structure approaches that build on techniques derived from artificial intelligence, knowledge representation, applied mathematics and lattice theory, computational linguistics, conceptual modeling, intelligent systems and knowledge management.

Constitutes the joint proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation, AISC 2008, the 15th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Reasoning, Calculemus 2008, and the 7th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management, MKM 2008, held in Birmingham, UK.

The three volume set LNAI 5177, LNAI 5178, and LNAI 5179, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, KES 2008, held in Zagreb, Croatia, in September 2008.

These papers on algorithmic learning theory are organized in topical sections on statistical learning, inductive logic programming, inductive inference, complexity, neural networks and other paradigms, support vector machines.

The general idea that brains anticipate the future, that they engage in prediction, and that one means of doing this is through some sort of inner model that can be run of?ine,hasalonghistory. If an idea cannot be clearly modeled, then there are limits to how widely it can be tested and accepted by a cognitive neuroscience community.

Diagrams is an international and interdisciplinary conference series, covering all aspects of research on the theory and application of diagrams.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence, JELIA 2008, held in Dresden, Germany, Liverpool, in September/October 2008.

The proceedings of the conferences in this - ries, as well as in Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology (RSKT), and the Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining and Granular Computing (RSFDGrC) series report a variety of innovative applications of rough set theory and of its extensions.

The Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (MICAI), a yearly international conference series organized by the Mexican Society for Artificial Intel- gence (SMIA), is a major international AI forum and the main event in the academic life of the country's growing AI community.

In just few years, case-based reasoning has evolved from a research topic studied at a small number of specialized academic labs into an industrial-strength technology applied in various fields.

The International Conference TSD 2003, the sixth event in the series on Text, Speech, and Dialogue, which originated in 1998, presents state-of-the-art technology and - cent achievements in the ?eld of natural language processing. This year's conference includes invited talks given by top-class researchers (Frederick Jelinek from Johns H- kinsUniversityofBaltimore,SadaokiFuruifromtheUniversityofTechnologyinTokyo, President of ISCA, and Steven Krauwer from the Institute of Linguistics of Utrecht U- versity), plenary and problem-oriented sessions, as well as poster sessions and dem- strations involving 28 functional applications. The conference declares its intent to be an interdisciplinary forum, which intertwines researchinspeechandlanguageprocessingaswellasresearchintheEasternandWestern hemispheres. We feel that the mixture of different approaches and applications gives agreatopportunitytogetacquaintedwiththecurrentactivitiesinallaspectsoflanguage communication and to witness the amazing vitality of research from the former East Block countries. The ?nancial support of ISCA (International Speech Communication Association) enables the wide attendance of researchers from all active regions of the world. This volume contains a collection of all the papers presented at the international conf- ence organized by the Faculty of Applied Sciences of the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen in collaboration with the Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University in Brno, ? and held in the beautiful city of Ceske ¿ Budejo ? vice (South Bohemia, Czech Republic), September 8-12, 2003. Each of the submitted papers was thoroughly reviewed by three membersoftheconferencereviewingteamconsistingofmorethan40world-famouss- cialists in the conference topic areas.

Though p- processing data routinely takes up a major part of the e?ort in data mining, Web usage data presents further challenges based on the di?culties of assigning data streams to unique users and tracking them over time.

Such data may include data about member pro?les, the content generated by the virtual community, and communication data in di?erent formats, including e-mail, chat records, SMS messages, videoconferencing records.

Besides the high-quality workshop papers, we noticed that many papers on Agent Communication found their way to the main conference. We decided therefore to invite a number of authors to revise and extend their papers from this conference and to combine them with the workshop papers.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Automated Deduction in Geometry, ADG 2002, held at Hagenberg Castle, Austria in September 2002. The 13 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement.

Arti?cial intelligence has attracted a renewed interest from distinguished sci- tists and has again raised new, more realistic this time, expectations for future advances regarding the development of theories, models and techniques and the use of them in applications pervading many areas of our daily life.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 2nd Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference(AWIC2004).TheconferencewasheldinthecityofCancun,Mexico, a setting that inspired lively discussions andre?ections onopen issues facing the ?eld of Web intelligence. TheAWICconferences havebeenmotivated by advancesinthe ?eld ofart- cialintelligenceandthechallengesfacingtheirapplicationtoWeb-basedsystems. With this second edition, AWIC provided a forum for specialists from di?erent disciplines of computer science to exchange their experiences and ideas in this growing ?eld of research. The selection of papers followed a strict, double-blind refereeing process by a renowned international committee. We received 57 contributions, with ?rst authors from 15 di?erent countries, from which 22 papers were selected to be presented and published in this proceedings volume. We thank all members of the Program Committee for their valuable reviews of the papers. In addition, we were pleased to have as invited speakers Dr. Prabhakar Raghavan, Chief Scientist and Vice President of Emerging Technologies in Verity, Inc. and Consulting Professor of Computer Science at Stanford Univ- sity, and Prof. C. Lee Giles, Davide Reese Professorof the School of Information Sciences and Technology at The Pennsylvania State University. Abstracts of their lectures are included in these proceedings. In putting together this conference, we had the pleasure of working with an outstanding group of people. We thank them all for their hard work on behalf of this conference. In particular we would like to thank Manuel Montes y Gomez, ¿ Director of the Mexico Research Centre of the Web Intelligence Consortium, Elisa Moran, Marcela Rodr¿ ?guez, and Jorge Niebla.

Thisproceedingsvolumeofthe5thAOISWorkshopisanopportunityforlooking back at ?ve years of organizing AOIS workshops.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 2nd International Joint C- ference on Automated Reasoning (IJCAR 2004) held July 4-8, 2004 in Cork, Ireland.

The proceedings of ECML/PKDD 2004 are published in two separate, albeit - tertwined,volumes:theProceedingsofthe 15thEuropeanConferenceonMac- ne Learning (LNAI 3201) and the Proceedings of the 8th European Conferences on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (LNAI 3202). The two conferences were co-located in Pisa, Tuscany, Italy during September 20-24, 2004. It was the fourth time in a row that ECML and PKDD were co-located. - ter the successful co-locations in Freiburg (2001), Helsinki (2002), and Cavtat- Dubrovnik (2003), it became clear that researchersstrongly supported the or- nization of a major scienti?c event about machine learning and data mining in Europe. We are happy to provide some statistics about the conferences. 581 di?erent papers were submitted to ECML/PKDD (about a 75% increase over 2003); 280 weresubmittedtoECML2004only,194weresubmittedtoPKDD2004only,and 107weresubmitted to both.Aroundhalfofthe authorsforsubmitted papersare from outside Europe, which is a clear indicator of the increasing attractiveness of ECML/PKDD. The Program Committee members were deeply involved in what turned out to be a highly competitive selection process. We assigned each paper to 3 - viewers, deciding on the appropriate PC for papers submitted to both ECML and PKDD. As a result, ECML PC members reviewed 312 papers and PKDD PC members reviewed 269 papers. We accepted for publication regular papers (45 for ECML 2004 and 39 for PKDD 2004) and short papers that were as- ciated with poster presentations (6 for ECML 2004 and 9 for PKDD 2004). The globalacceptance ratewas14.5%for regular papers(17% if we include the short papers).

In today's networked world of linked heterogeneous, pervasive computer systems, devices, and information landscapes, the intelligent coordination and provision of relevant added-value information at any time, anywhere, by means of cooperative information agents becomes increasingly important for a variety of applications.

The previous conference in this series (AMTA 2002) took up the theme "From Research to Real Users", and sought to explore why recent research on data-driven machine translation didn't seem to be moving to the marketplace.

Algorithmic learning theory is mathematics about computer programs which learn from experience. Formal models of automated learning re?ect various facets of the wide range of activities that can be viewed as learning.

EsTAL - Espana ~ for Natural Language Processing - continued on from the three previous conferences: FracTAL, held at the Universit¿ e de Franch-Comt¿ e, Besan¿ con (France) in December 1997, VexTAL, held at Venice International University, Ca ¿ Foscari (Italy), in November 1999, and PorTAL, held at the U- versidade do Algarve, Faro (Portugal), in June 2002. The main goals of these conferences have been: (i) to bring together the international NLP community; (ii) to strengthen the position of local NLP research in the international NLP community; and (iii) to provide a forum for discussion of new research and - plications. EsTAL contributed to achieving these goals and increasing the already high international standing of these conferences, largely due to its Program Comm- tee,composedofrenownedresearchersinthe?eldofnaturallanguageprocessing and its applications. This clearly contributed to the signi?cant number of papers submitted (72) by researchers from (18) di?erent countries. The scope of the conference was structured around the following main topics: (i)computational linguistics research (spoken and written language analysis and generation; pragmatics, discourse, semantics, syntax and morphology; lexical - sources; word sense disambiguation; linguistic, mathematical, and psychological models of language; knowledge acquisition and representation; corpus-based and statistical language modelling; machine translation and translation aids; com- tationallexicography),and(ii)monolingualandmultilingualintelligentlanguage processing and applications (information retrieval, extraction and question - swering; automatic summarization; document categorization; natural language interfaces; dialogue systems and evaluation of systems).

Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing is currently attracting enormous public attention, spurred by the popularity of file-sharing systems such as Napster, Gnutella, Morpheus, Kaza, and several others. In P2P systems, a very large number of autonomous computing nodes, the peers, rely on each other for services. P2P networks are emerging as a new distributed computing paradigm because of their potential to harness the computing power and the storage capacity of the hosts composing the network, and because they realize a completely open decentralized environment where everybody can join in autonomously. Although researchers working on distributed computing, multiagent systems, databases, and networks have been using similar concepts for a long time, it is only recently that papers motivated by the current P2P paradigm have started appearing in high quality conferences and workshops. In particular, research on agent systems appears to be most relevant because multiagent systems have always been thought of as networks of autonomous peers since their inception. Agents, which can be superimposed on the P2P architecture, embody the description of task environments, decision-support capabilities, social behaviors, trust and reputation, and interaction protocols among peers. The emphasis on decentralization, autonomy, ease, and speed of growth that gives P2P its advantages also leads to significant potential problems. Most prominent among these are coordination - the ability of an agent to make decisions on its own actions in the context of activities of other agents, and scalability - the value of the P2P systems in how well they self-organize so as to scale along several dimensions, including complexity, heterogeneity of peers, robustness, traffic redistribution, etc.This book brings together an introduction, three invited articles, and revised versions of the papers presented at the Second International Workshop on Agents and Peer-to-Peer Computing, AP2PC 2003, held in Melbourne, Australia, July 2003.

In addition to the competition, the associated symposium provides a forum for researchers to present refereed papers. 30 papers were - cepted for presentation at the Symposium as full papers and a further 38 were accepted for poster presentation.

Constitutes the extended post-proceedings of the ERCIM/CoLogNet International Workshop on Constraint Satisfaction and Constraint Logic Programming, CSCLP 2004, held in Lausanne, Switzerland in June 2004. This work includes papers that are organized in topical sections on constraint propagation, constraint search, and applications.