Bücher der Reihe Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence

This book constitutes the strictly refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automated Deduction, CADE-14, held in Townsville, North Queensland, Australia, in July 1997.The volume presents 25 revised full papers selected from a total of 87 submissions; also included are 17 system descriptions and two invited contributions. The papers cover a wide range of current issues in the area including resolution, term rewriting, unification theory, induction, high-order logics, nonstandard logics, AI methods, and applications to software verification, geometry, and social science.

As the complexity of software increases, researchers and practicioners continue to seek better techniques for engineering the construction of evolution of software. Partial evaluation is an attractive technology for modern software construction since it provides automatic tools for software specialization and is based on rigorous semantic foundations. This book is based on a school held at DIKU Copenhagen, Denmark in summer 1998 during which leading researchers summarized the state of the art in partial evaluation. The lectures presented survey the foundations of partial evaluation in a clear and rigorous manner and practically introduce several existing partial evaluators with numerous examples. The second part of the book is devoted to more sophisticated theoretical aspects, advances systems and applications, and highlights open problems and challenges. The book is ideally suited for advanced courses and for self study.

Intelligent agents will be the necessity of the coming century. Software agents will pilot us through the vast sea of information, by communicating with other agents. A group of cooperating agents may accomplish a task which cannot be done by any subset of them. This volume consists of selected papers from PRIMA'99, the second Paci c Rim InternationalWorkshop on Multi-Agents, held in Kyoto,Japan, on Dec- ber 2-3, 1999. PRIMA constitutes a series of workshops on autonomous agents and mul- agent systems, integrating the activities in Asia and the Pacic rim countries, such as MACC (Multiagent Systems and Cooperative Computation) in Japan, and the Australian Workshop on Distributed Arti cial Intelligence. The r st workshop, PRIMA'98, was held in conjunction with PRICAI'98, in Singapore. The aim of this workshop is to encourage activities in this e ld, and to bring togetherresearchersfromAsiaandPacic rimworkingonagentsandmultiagent issues. Unlike usual conferences, this workshop mainly discusses and explores scienti c and practical problems as raised by the participants. Participation is thus limited to professionals who have made a signi cant contribution to the topics of the workshop. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: - multi-agent systems and their applications - agent architecture and its applications - languages for describing (multi-)agent systems - standard (multi-)agent problems - challenging research issues in (multi-)agent systems - communication and dialogues - multi-agent learning - other issues on (multi-)agent systems We received 43 submissions to this workshop from more than 10 countries.

The Portuguese Association for Arti cial Intelligence (APPIA) has been re- larly organising the Portuguese Conference on Arti cial Intelligence (EPIA). This ninth conference follows previous ones held in Porto (1985), Lisboa (1986), Braga (1987), Lisboa (1989), Albufeira (1991), Porto (1993), Funchal (1995) and Coimbra (1997). Starting in 1989, the conferences have been held biennially (alternating with an APPIA Advanced School on Arti cial Intelligence) and become truly international: English has been adopted as the o cial language and the proceedings are published in Springer's LNAI series. The conference has recon rmed its high international standard this year, largely due to its programme committee, composed of distinguished researchers in a variety of specialities in Arti cial Intelligence, half of them from Portuguese universities. This has attracted a signi cant international interest, well expressed by the number of papers submitted (66), from 17 di erent countries, 29 of which are by Portuguese researchers. From the 66 papers submitted, about one third of them (23) were selected for oral presentation and have been published in this volume. The review process enabled the selection of high quality papers, each paper being reviewed by two or three reviewers, either from the programme committee or by their appointment. We would like to thank all of the reviewers for their excellent and hard work.

This volume contains the proceedings of FroCoS 2002, the 4th International Workshop on Frontiers of Combining Systems, held April 8-10, 2002 in Santa Margherita Ligure (near Genova), Italy. Like its predecessors, organized in - nich (1996), Amsterdam (1998), and Nancy (2000), FroCoS 2002 o?ered a c- mon forum for the presentation and discussion of research activities on the c- bination and integration of systems in various areas of computer science, such as logic, computation, program development and proof, arti?cial intelligence, mechanical veri?cation, and symbolic computation. There were 35 submissions of high quality, authored by researchers from countries including Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Singapore, United Kingdom, United States of America, and - goslavia. All the submissions were thoroughly evaluated on the basis of at least three referee reports, and an electronic program committee meeting was held through the Internet. The program committee selected 14 research contributions. The topics covered by the selected papers include: combination of logics, c- bination of constraint solving techniques, combination of decision procedures, combination problems in veri?cation, modular properties of theorem proving, integration of decision procedures and other solving processes into constraint programming and deduction systems.

The AI conference series is the premier event sponsored by the Canadian - ciety for the Computational Studies of Intelligence / Soci'et'e canadienne pour l''etude d'intelligence par ordinateur. Attendees enjoy our typically Canadian - mosphere -hospitable and stimulating. The Canadian AI conference showcases the excellent research work done by Canadians, their international colleagues, and others choosing to join us each spring. International participation is always high; this year almost 40% of the submitted papers were from non-Canadian - searchers. We accepted 24 papers and 8 poster papers from 52 full-length papers submitted. We also accepted eight of ten abstracts submitted to the Graduate Student Symposium. All of these accepted papers appear in this volume. The Canadian AI Conference is the oldest continuously-held national AI c- ference in the world. (ECCAI's predecessor, AISB, held meetings in 1974, but these have since become international.) Conferences have been held biennially since 1976, and annually since 2000. AI 2002 again joined its sister Canadian computer science conferences, Vision Interface and Graphics Interface, enri- ing the experience for all participants. The joint meeting allows us to stay - formed about other areas, to make new contacts, and perhaps to investigate cross-disciplinary research. This year the conferences was held on the beautiful campus of the University of Calgary, and many participants took the opportunity to tour nearby Ban? and the magni?cent Rocky Mountains.

This book contains the extended versions of 33 papers selected among those originally presented at the Sixth Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AI*IA). The congress of the AI*IA is the most relevant Italian event in the field of Artificial Intelligence, and has been receiving much attention from many researchers and practitioners of different countries. The sixth congress was held in Bologna, 14-17 September 1999, and was organized in twelve scientific sessions and one demo session. The papers here collected report on significant work carried out in different areas of artificial intelligence, in Italy and other countries. Areas such as automated reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, and machine learning continue to be thoroughly investigated. The collection also shows a growing interest in the field of multi-agent systems, perception and robotics, and temporal reasoning. Many people contributed in different ways to the success of the congress and to this volume. First of all, the members of the program committee who efficiently handled the reviewing of the 64 papers submitted to the congress, and later on the reviewing of the 41 papers submitted for publication in this volume. They provided three reviews for each manuscript, by relying on the support of valuable additional reviewers. The members of the organizing committee, namely Rosangela Barruffi, Paolo Bellavista, Anna Ciampolini, Marco Cremonini, Enrico Denti, Marco Gavanelli, Mauro Gaspari, Michela Milano, Rebecca Montanari, Andrea Omicini, Fabrizio Riguzzi, Cesare Stefanelli, and Paolo Torroni, worked hardy supporting at solving problems during and after the congress.

Knowledge discovery and data mining have become areas of growing significance because of the recent increasing demand for KDD techniques, including those used in machine learning, databases, statistics, knowledge acquisition, data visualization, and high performance computing. In view of this, and following the success of the five previous PAKDD conferences, the sixth Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD 2002) aimed to provide a forum for the sharing of original research results, innovative ideas, state-of-the-art developments, and implementation experiences in knowledge discovery and data mining among researchers in academic and industrial organizations. Much work went into preparing a program of high quality. We received 128 submissions. Every paper was reviewed by 3 program committee members, and 32 were selected as regular papers and 20 were selected as short papers, representing a 25% acceptance rate for regular papers. The PAKDD 2002 program was further enhanced by two keynote speeches, delivered by Vipin Kumar from the Univ. of Minnesota and Rajeev Rastogi from AT&T. In addition, PAKDD 2002 was complemented by three tutorials, XML and data mining (by Kyuseok Shim and Surajit Chadhuri), mining customer data across various customer touchpoints at- commerce sites (by Jaideep Srivastava), and data clustering analysis, from simple groupings to scalable clustering with constraints (by Osmar Zaiane and Andrew Foss).

Computerscientistscreatemodelsofaperceivedreality.ThroughAItechniques, these models aim at providing the basic support for emulating cognitive - havior such as reasoning and learning, which is one of the main goals of the AI research e?ort. Such computer models are formed through the interaction of various acquisition and inference mechanisms: perception, concept learning, conceptual clustering, hypothesis testing, probabilistic inference, etc., and are represented using di?erent paradigms tightly linked to the processes that use them. Among these paradigms let us cite: biological models (neural nets, genetic programming), logic-based models (?rst-order logic, modal logic, rule-based s- tems), virtual reality models (object systems, agent systems), probabilistic m- els(Bayesiannets,fuzzylogic),linguisticmodels(conceptualdependencygraphs, language-based representations), etc. OneofthestrengthsoftheConceptualGraph(CG)theoryisitsversatilityin terms of the representation paradigms under which it falls. It can be viewed and therefore used, under di?erent representation paradigms, which makes it a p- ular choice for a wealth of applications. Its full coupling with di?erent cognitive processes lead to the opening of the ?eld toward related research communities such as the Description Logic, Formal Concept Analysis, and Computational Linguistic communities. We now see more and more research results from one community enrich the other, laying the foundations of common philosophical grounds from which a successful synergy can emerge.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, KSEM 2007, held in Melbourne, Australia, in November 2007. The 42 revised full papers and 28 revised short papers presented together with five invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected. The papers provide new ideas and report research results in the broad areas of knowledge science, knowledge engineering, and knowledge management.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2007, held in Guimaraes, Portugal, in December 2007 as eleven integrated workshops. The 58 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 210 submissions. In accordance with the eleven constituting workshops, the papers are organized in topical sections on a broad range of subjects.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference Diagrams 2002, held in Callaway Gardens, Georgia, USA, in April 2002.The 21 revised full papers and 19 posters presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 77 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on understanding and communicating with diagrams, diagrams in mathematics, computational aspects of diagrammatic representation and reasoning, logic and diagrams, diagrams in human-computer interaction, tracing the process of diagrammatic reasoning, visualizing information with diagrams, diagrams and software engineering, and cognitive aspects.

AMTA 2002: From Research to Real Users Ever since the showdown between Empiricists and Rationalists a decade ago at TMI 92, MT researchers have hotly pursued promising paradigms for MT, including da- driven approaches (e.g., statistical, example-based) and hybrids that integrate these with more traditional rule-based components. During the same period, commercial MT systems with standard transfer archit- tures have evolved along a parallel and almost unrelated track, increasing their cov- age (primarily through manual update of their lexicons, we assume) and achieving much broader acceptance and usage, principally through the medium of the Internet. Webpage translators have become commonplace; a number of online translation s- vices have appeared, including in their offerings both raw and postedited MT; and large corporations have been turning increasingly to MT to address the exigencies of global communication. Still, the output of the transfer-based systems employed in this expansion represents but a small drop in the ever-growing translation marketplace bucket.

This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the Third Inter- tional Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing (RSCTC 2002) held at Penn State Great Valley, Malvern, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., 14-16 October 2002. Rough set theoryand its applications constitute a branch of soft computing that has exhibited a signi?cant growth rate during recent years. RSCTC 2002 provided a forum for exchanging ideas among manyresearchers in the rough set communityand in various areas of soft computing and served as a stimulus for mutual understanding and cooperation. In recent years, there have been a number of advances in rough set theoryand applications. Hence, we have witnessed a growing number of international workshops on rough sets and their applications. In addition, it should be observed that one of the beauties of rough sets and the rough set philosophyis that it tends to complement and reinforce research in manytraditional research areas and applications. This is the main reason that manyinternational conferences are now including rough sets into the list of topics.

Fifty years ago, A. Turing predicted that by 2000 we would have a machine that could pass the Turing test. Although this may not yet be true, AI has advanced signi?cantly in these 50 years, and at the dawn of the XXI century is still an activeandchallenging?eld.Thisyearisalsosigni?cantforAIinMexico,withthe merging of the two major AI conferences into the biennial Mexican International Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence (MICAI) series. MICAI is the union of the Mexican National AI Conference (RNIA) and the International AI Symposium (ISAI), organized annually by the Mexican Society forAI(SMIA,since1984)andbytheMonterreyInstituteofTechnology(ITESM, since1988),respectively.The?rstMexicanInternationalConferenceonArti?cial Intelligence, MICAI 2000, took place April 11-14, 2000, in the city of Acapulco, Mexico.ThisconferenceseekstopromoteresearchinAI,andcooperationamong Mexican researchers and their peers worldwide. We welcome you all. Over 163 papers from 17 di?erent countries were submitted for consideration to MICAI 2000. After reviewing them thoroughly, MICAI's program committee, referees, and program chair accepted 60 papers for the international track. This volume contains the written version of the papers and invited talks presented at MICAI. We would like to acknowledge the support of the American Association for Arti?cial Intelligence (AAAI), and the International Joint Conference on Art- cial Intelligence (IJCAI). We are specially grateful for the warm hospitality and generosity o?ered by the Acapulco Institute of Technology.

The collation of large electronic databases of scienti?c and commercial infor- tion has led to a dramatic growth of interest in methods for discovering struc- res in such databases. These methods often go under the general name of data mining. One important subdiscipline within data mining is concerned with the identi?cation and detection of anomalous, interesting, unusual, or valuable - cords or groups of records, which we call patterns. Familiar examples are the detection of fraud in credit-card transactions, of particular coincident purchases in supermarket transactions, of important nucleotide sequences in gene sequence analysis, and of characteristic traces in EEG records. Tools for the detection of such patterns have been developed within the data mining community, but also within other research communities, typically without an awareness that the - sic problem was common to many disciplines. This is not unreasonable: each of these disciplines has a large literature of its own, and a literature which is growing rapidly. Keeping up with any one of these is di?cult enough, let alone keeping up with others as well, which may in any case be couched in an - familiar technical language. But, of course, this means that opportunities are being lost, discoveries relating to the common problem made in one area are not transferred to the other area, and breakthroughs and problem solutions are being rediscovered, or not discovered for a long time, meaning that e?ort is being wasted and opportunities may be lost.

The Brazilian Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (SBIA) has been organized by the Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence of the Brazilian Computer Society (SBC) since 1984. In order to promote research in Artificial Intelligence and scientific interaction among Brazilian AI researchers and practitioners, and with their counterparts worldwide, it is being organized as an international forum since 1993. The SBIA proceedings have been published by Springer-Verlag as a part of the Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI) series since 1995. The XIVth SBIA, held in 1998 at the PUCRS Campus in Porto Alegre, has maintained the international tradition and standards previously established: 61 papers were submitted and reviewed by an international program committee, from this number, 26 papers were accepted and are included in this volume. Of course, organizing an event such as SBIA demands a lot of group effort. We would like to thank and congratulate all the program committee members, and the many reviewers, for their work in reviewing and commenting on the submitted papers. We would also like to thank the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, host of the XIV SBIA, and the institutions which sponsored it - CNPq, CAPES, BANRISUL, among others. Last but not least, we want to thank all the kind people of the Local Organizing Committee, whose work made the event possible.

This book presents revised full versions of papers contributed to UK Workshops on Multi-Agent Systems, UKMAS, during 1996 and 2000.From the early days of MAS research, the UK community has been a particularly productive one with numerous key contributions. The 15 papers by internationally reputed researchers deal with various aspects of agent technology, with a certain emphasis on foundational issues in multi-agent systems.