Bücher der Reihe Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences

The present study will help answer questions of tree type evolution, function, optimum, and tree construction types, using the approach of constructional morphology which to date has been widely neglected in palaeobotany and botany.

This selection of papers emphasizes the advances in the field and covers a wide range of topics in geophysics, geodynamics, and oceanography to which modern geodesy is contributing.

This volume is the result of the dedicated effort undertaken by an international group of scientists and administrators, who have contemplated the challenge of the future of space-based earth science for the next decade.

Organized by the Swiss Commission for Climate and Atmospheric Research

Various relevant categories were distinguished: - mat-forming microbiota - environmental conditions controlling mat types and lithology - bioturbation and grazing.

Morphometrics is concerned with the study of variations and change in the form (size and shape) of organisms or objects adding a quantitative element to descriptions and thereby facilitating the comparison of different objects and organisms.

A complete starting package for students and researchers of the earth science community interested in numerical modeling of microstructures. The main part of the book contains examples of numerical modeling of processes and microstructures in rocks, using the software package "ELLE".

The core of this book is based on the unique cooperation between earth scientists and civil engineers working in the field of strong earthquakes in the Vrancea region of Rumania and the capital city Bucharest. It goes on to review the results of deep seismic tomography from mantel pumes, deep lithospehric properties from Russian nuclear explosion data and high -resolution imaging in seismics.  Finally, the third part of this book focusses on the effect of tectonics on plate motions and civilisation.

This collection of conference papers describes state-of-the-art methodologies and algorithms used in the treatment of inverse problems, focusing on seismology and image processing. The papers also describe new general methodologies for analysis and solution of inverse problems by means of statistical and deterministic algorithms.

Only 10% of the 150 or so known impact craters on Earth date from the early Precambrian Era, a time period covering some 88% of the Earth's history. The papers outline the present state of scientific understanding of the role impacts may have played in the biological and geological evolution of the Early Earth.

This book provides a general introduction to impact stratigraphy, with emphasis on the recognition of distal impact ejecta in the field, by focusing on the impactoclastic layers of the Umbria-Marche sequence in Central Italy, with an almost perfect stratigraphic record over the last 200 Million years.

From the point of view of geological structure and evolution, Morocco is uniquely fascinating. This heavily-illustrated book presents new information gleaned from the vast amount of research conducted on Morocco's geology in recent decades.

Chapters include a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of our global understanding natural and artificial rockslide dams, overviews of approaches to rockslide dam risk mitigation, regional studies of rockslide dams in India, Nepal, China, Pakistan, New Zealand, and Argentina.

In engineering, statistical turbulence models describing locally the turbulence mixing processes were introduced in the early seventies, such as the k E model which is still one of the most widely used models in Computational Fluid Dy namics.

Geologists and civil engineers related to infrastructure planning, design and building describe professional practices and engineering geological methods in different European infrastructure projects.

This book offers a broad interdisciplinary overview of state-of-the-art research on landform related issues. It presents a selection of papers given at the International Symposium on "Landform - structure, evolution process control", Bonn, June 2007.

This book presents approaches to landscape modelling not only from geography but also from various related disciplines, especially from applied mathematics, computer science, and geophysics.

Characterisation of the shallow subsurface has gained in importance as civil and geotechnical engineering and environmental applications have become more dependent on a precise definition of geomechanical and geohydrological properties.

From the point of view of geological structure and evolution, Morocco is uniquely fascinating. This heavily-illustrated book presents new information gleaned from the vast amount of research conducted on Morocco's geology in recent decades.

In many aspects science becomes conducted nowadays through technology and preferential criteria of economy. Although new techniques for obser- tion and analysis led to an increase of rather speci?c knowledge about particular phenomena, yet we fail now even more frequently to avoid unforeseen impli- tions and sudden changes of a situation.

This book focuses on the earthquake source materials produced or deformed by both seismic faulting and aseismic creep within seismogenic fault zones at different levels of the crust.

GPS-Techniques Applied to Geodesy and Surveying contains the proceedings of an international workshop held in April 1988 at the Technical University in Darmstadt, Germany. It presents a state-of-the-art description of GPS techniques applied to geodesy and surveying with emphasis on monitoring time dependent phenomena.

This book focuses on the experimental determination of the physical properties of silicate melts and magmas close to glass transition. and a range of different techniques are used to determine the same physical properties to illustrate the relationships between the relaxation of the melt structure and the relaxation of its physical properties.

Chemical modifications of supracrustal materials haveoccurred at various times in the Earth's history. Thisreference book gives an overlook over themost recentfindings of isotope research in the sedimentary environment.

This balanced and comprehensive overview of geology,tectonics, and mineral resources of Africa presentsmultifarious facets of Archean to Quaternary geology,including aspects of plate tectonics evolution andgeological history of the Earth's oldest continent.

This account should be of interest to those involved in the study of the ocean and seismic fields at very low frequencies and in the application of the wave-induced noise field as a source in inversion studies of seabed properties. Examples are provided to aid in the interpretation of field data.