Bücher der Reihe Lecture Notes in Physics

The applications of quantum gravity theory are epoch-making: only such a theory can explain how black holes really behave and where our universe came from. This volume uses accessible models to cover a number of relevant topics including loop quantization.

Introduction to Material Modeling.- Kernel Methods for Quantum Chemistry.- Introduction to Neural Networks.- Building nonparametric n-body force fields using Gaussian process regression.- Machine-learning of atomic-scale properties based on physical principles.- Quantum Machine Learning with Response Operators in Chemical Compound Space.- Physical extrapolation of quantum observables by generalization with Gaussian Processes.- Message Passing Neural Networks.- Learning representations of molecules and materials with atomistic neural networks.- Molecular Dynamics with Neural Network Potentials.- High-Dimensional Neural Network Potentials for Atomistic Simulations.- Construction of Machine Learned Force Fields with Quantum Chemical Accuracy: Applications and Chemical Insights.- Active learning and Uncertainty Estimation.- Machine Learning for Molecular Dynamics on Long Timescales.- Database-driven High-Throughput Calculations and Machine Learning Models for Materials Design.- Polymer Genome: A polymer informatics platform to accelerate polymer discovery.- Bayesian Optimization in Materials Science.- Recommender Systems for Materials Discovery.- Generative Models for Automatic Chemical Design.

This book is based on Valery Zagrebaev's original papers and lecture materials on nuclear physics with heavy ions, which he prepared and extended through many years for the students of nuclear physics specialties.Th¿ book outlines the main experimental facts on nuclear reactions involving heavy ions at low energies. It focuses on discussions of nuclear physics processes that are a subject of active, modern research and it gives illustrative explanations of these phenomena in the framework of up-to-date theoretical concepts.This textbook is intended for students in physics who have completed a standard course of quantum mechanics and have basic ideas of nuclear physics processes.It is designed as a kind of lifeboat that, at the end of the course, will allow students to navigate the modern scientific literature and to understand the goals and objectives of current, on-going research.

This volume provides an introduction to the state-of-the-art of controlled nanoscale motion in biological and artificial systems. Coverage includes the control and function of protein motors, the physics of non-equilibrium Brownian motion, and the physics and fabrication of synthetic molecular motors.

Distinguishing chaoticity from regularity in deterministic dynamical systems and specifying the subspace of the phase space in which instabilities are expected to occur is of utmost importance in as disparate areas as astronomy, particle physics and climate dynamics.   To address these issues there exists a plethora of methods for chaos detection and predictability. The most commonly employed technique for investigating chaotic dynamics, i.e. the computation of Lyapunov exponents, however, may suffer a number of problems and drawbacks, for example when applied to noisy experimental data.   In the last two decades, several novel methods have been developed for the fast and reliable determination of the regular or chaotic nature of orbits, aimed at overcoming the shortcomings of more traditional techniques. This set of lecture notes and tutorial reviews serves as an introduction to and overview of modern chaos detection and predictability techniquesfor graduate students and non-specialists.   The book covers theoretical and computational aspects of traditional methods to calculate Lyapunov exponents, as well as of modern techniques like the Fast (FLI), the Orthogonal (OFLI) and the Relative (RLI) Lyapunov Indicators, the Mean Exponential Growth factor of Nearby Orbits (MEGNO), the Smaller (SALI) and the Generalized (GALI) Alignment Index and the ¿0-1¿ test for chaos.

The aim of this book is to provide background materials such as string theory, black holes, nuclear physics, condensed-matter physics, and nonequilibrium physics as well as key applications of the AdS/CFT duality in a single volume.

With a foreword by Serge Haroche

Concepts of nonlinear physics are applied to an increasing number of research disciplines. From regular structures, the authors turn to the more complex behavior in biology and physics, such as hydrodynamical turbulence, low-dimensional dynamics in solid-state physics, and gravity.

Here is a systematic approach to such fundamental questions as: What mathematical structures does Einstein-Weyl causality impose on a point-set that has no other previous structure defined on it?

This is the first volume in a series of books on the general theme of Supersymmetric Mechanics; This volume supplies a pedagogical introduction, at the non-expert level, to the attractor mechanism in space-time singularities. After a qualitative overview, explicit examples realizing the attractor mechanism are treated at length.

Models should be as simple as possible, but no simpler. This book provides an introduction to the kinetic theory and computer simulation methods needed to handle such models and to interpret the results. It also includes a number of sample applications and computer codes.

Hyposonic fluid flows, characterized by a low Mach number, are mainly linked with geophysical and environmental fluid flows. The books brings together insights derived from mathematically rigorous results and combines them with a number of realistic fluid flow situations.

This book springs from the programme Quantized Vortex Dynamics and Sup- ?uid Turbulence held at the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences (University of Cambridge) in August 2000. The evidence from these experiments and many others is that super?uid turbulence and classical turbulence share many features.

theoriesofstellarstructure,evolutionandangularmomentumtransport. - basthäsarticleon¿TheActiveandExplosiveSun¿givesanoverviewofhighly time-dependentphenomenainthephotosphere,chromosphereandcoronaofthe Sunandprovidessometheoreticalmodelsofthesolar?ares. Hasan¿sarticle on¿MagneticFluxTubesandActivityontheSun¿discussesthegeneration, storageandemergenceofmagnetic?eldsintheformofsmall-scale?uxtubes andexaminestheirroleinheatingofthechromosphere. Ventakrishan¿sar- cleon¿SolarMagneticFields¿givesatheoreticaloverviewofthegeneration VI Preface ofmagnetic?eldsbythedynamomechanism,thegeneralmagnetic?eldtop- ogyandhowthemagnetic?eldsaremeasured. Ulmschneider¿scontributionon ¿ThePhysicsofChromospheresandCoronae¿discusseswhyallstarslikethe Sunhavehotouterchromosphericandcoronallayers. Itidenti?estheheating mechanismsanddynamicalprocesseswhichtakeplacebothinthepresenceand absenceofmagnetic?elds. ThearticlebyDwivedion¿TheSolarCoronägives ageneraloverviewofthesolarcorona,howitisobservedandwhatthephy- calprocessesleadingtoitsformationare. FinallyManoharan¿scontributionon ¿TheSolarWind¿describesthegenerationandmeasurementofthesolarwind derivedfrominsituobservationsbyspacecraftandinterplanetaryscintillation studies. Wehopethatbyreadingtheselectures,interestedpeople,amateurs,graduate andpostgraduatestudentswillbemotivatedtotakeupsolarphysicsasanarea ofresearch,andshareourexcitementaboutthewondersofourneareststar¿ theSun. WearethankfultoT. PadmanabhanandtheInterUniversityCentrefor AstronomyandAstrophysics,PunefororganisingandhostingthisWorkshop onSolarPhysics. Mumbai,Udaipur,Heidelberg H. M. Antia February2003 A. Bhatnagar P. Ulmschneider ListofContributors AshokAmbastha S. S. Hasan Udaipur Solar Observatory Indian Institute of Astrophysics Physical Research Laboratory Bangalore560034,India P. O. Box No. 198 hasan@iiap. ernet. in Udaipur313001,India ambastha@prl. ernet. in P. K. Manoharan Radio Astronomy Centre H. M. Antia Tata Institute Tata Institute of Fundamental Research of

A knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of both naturally occurring materials, such as soils and rocks, and artificial materials such as concrete and industrial granular matter, is of fundamental importance to their proper use in engineering and scientific applications.

Exact solutions to Einstein's equations have been useful for the understanding of general relativity in many respects. They have led to such physical concepts as black holes and event horizons, and helped to visualize interesting features of the theory.

In spite of the great age of the study of SNe, since at least the Chinese records of SN185and probably earlier, the ?eld is, in fact, very young having only attracted a large devoted following since the spectacular Type II SN1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud, the ?rst naked-eye SN in more than 400 years.

Quantum dots, sometimes called artificial atoms, are exquisite tools by which quantum behavior can be probed on a larger scale than the atomic, namely on the nanometer scale. While the physics exhibited by these devices is closer to classical than atomic physics, quantum dots are still sufficiently small to clearly exhibit quantum phenomena.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of developments in the field of holographic entanglement entropy. In the first part, the concept of entanglement, and methods for computing it, in quantum field theories is reviewed.

Surveys conceptual problems and provide insights into the classes of systems considered, namely one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and molecular magnets. This title introduces the methods used in the field of quantum magnetism, including spin wave analysis, exact diagonalization, quantum field theory, coupled cluster methods, and the Betheansatz.

The book fills a gap between well-known textbook material and the research literature and is thus perfectly suited for postgraduate students who wish to enter this field, for lecturers looking for advanced material for their courses and for scientists in search of a modern source of reference on these topics.

This set of lecture notes gives a first coherent account of a novel aspect of the living world that can be called biological information.

Using a tutorial approach, this book describes the different approaches to spectroscopic microscopy, Electron Beam Probe Spectroscopy, Spectroscopic Photoelectron Microscopy, and Scanning Probe Spectroscopy. It is useful as a compact source of reference for the experienced researcher.

Largely written in review style, it will also serve as an excellent overview of recent developments. Nonrelativistic and relativistic approaches are discussed and conventional ground-state as well as polarization density functional and time-dependent density functional formalisms are introduced.

This text is the result of an international school which was held to discuss the foundation of sound-flow interactions, to share expertise and methodologies, and to promote cross-fertilization between the different disciplines involved.

As a rule the Max Born Symposia organized by the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Wroc law were devoted to well-de ned subjects of contemporary interest. During his scienti c career he met and made friends with many outstanding physicists who shaped theoretical physics to the present form.

Thermodiffusion describes the coupling between a temperature gradient and a resulting mass flux. Traditionally, the focus has been on simple fluids, and it is now extending to more complex systems such as electrolytes, polymers, colloidal dispersions and magnetic fluids.

Based on lectures given at a CNRS summer school in France, this book covers many aspects of stellar environments (both observational and theoretical) and offers a broad overview of the field. Finally the chapters of Part III discuss the environments of young or evolved stars, stellar winds, agnetic fields and disks.