Bücher der Reihe Materials Research Foundations

The book presents recent advances in the synthesis of bioinspired nanomaterials and their applications in areas such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis, supercapacitors and solar cells. Specific topics include photocatalytic disinfection, degradation of toxic chemicals, energy conversion and energy storage.Keywords: Bionanomaterials, Nanomaterial Synthesis, Green Synthesis, Metal Nanoparticles, Metal Oxide Nanostructures, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, Photoelectrocatalysis, Energy-Related Electrocatalysis, Supercapacitors, Disinfection, Toxic Chemicals, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The book deals with the thermal and mechanical fracture of functionally graded materials on homogeneous substrate (FGM/H) structures. Emphasis is placed on multiple crack interactions. FGMs have a wide range of engineering applications; especially in thermal barrier coatings. Potentially desirable thermal and mechanical properties of functionally graded coatings (FGCs) are analyzed as well as available real material combinations, e.g. (ceramic/metal)/metal.

The book analyses the design features of railway wheel pairs and investigates methods for increasing the durability of these wheels. Laser cladding of the surface of the wheels can successfully be employed for increasing their durability. Keywords: Railway Wheels, Surface Treatments, Laser Cladding, Strength Calculation, Fatigue Stresses, Laser Energy Source, Control of Thermodynamic Processes, Mobile Repair Complex.

The book discusses the latest developments in the area of building constructions. Most of the building components such as columns, roofs and concrete blocks are available in prefabricated forms that increase the speed of construction processes. The goal is to engineer buildings that are sustainable, efficient, resilient, economically viable; and ensure the safety, health and comfort of occupants. New materials and technologies aim at energy efficiency, water conservation, improved indoor air quality, durability and low life cycle and maintenance costs.

The book presents an overview of nonlinear effects arising in discrete lattices of metals. Topics covered include discrete breathers, quasi-breathers, soliton waves, and shock waves. Keywords: Soliton, Discrete Breathers, Quasi-Breathers, Shock Waves, Supersonic Waves, Molecular Dynamics, Self-Organization, Nonlinearity, Dislocation Extraction Algorithm, Frenkel Pairs, Stacking Fault Tetrahedra.

A topological insulator is an area that has yet to be fully explored and developed. The charge-induced bandgap fluctuation in the best-known bismuth-chalcogenide-based topological insulators is approximately 10MeV in magnitude. The major focus has shifted to the investigation of the presence of high-symmetry electronic bands as well as the utilization of easily produced materials. As the subject of topological insulators is still in the nascent stage, there is growing research and knowledge in the emerging field. This book is intended to provide the readers with an understanding of the needs and application of these materials.Keywords: Topological Insulators, Insulators, One-Dimensional Topological Insulators, Graphene, Magnetic Topological Insulator, Antiferromagnetic Phase, Ferromagnetic Phase, Topological Superconductor, Nonlinear Optical Behavior, Saturable Absorber, Quantum, Band Gap, Photonic Topological Insulators.

Since 2011, the MAX phase derivatives MXenes are constantly expanding in terms of crystallographic and composition variability. Several advancements have been made in the previous few years that have accelerated the production of novel MXenes with better chemical diversification and crystal structures. This book is intended to present the latest applicational advancements of MXenes in diversified sectors.Keywords: MAX Phase, MXene, MXene-Based Composite, MXene Symmetric Supercapacitor, MXene Asymmetric Supercapacitor, MXene Micro Supercapacitor, MXene Transparent Supercapacitor, 2D Materials, EMI shielding, Nanophotonics, MXenes in Photodetectors, MXenes in Electrocatalysis.

The book reviews new research in the area of deformation mechanisms of structural steels and the possibilities to control the process of strain hardening. Topics covered include: The bainite, martensite and pearlite structure of these steels; the strengthening mechanisms of quenched steel; the evolution of phase composition and defect sub-structure of bainitic steel under deformation; the hardening mechanisms of bainitic steels; and the strain hardening of structural steels with pearlite structure.Keywords: Structural Steels, Strain Hardening, Uniaxial Compression, Martensite Structure, Pearlite Structure, Bainite Structure, Plasticity, Fracture Toughness, Tribological Properties, Wear Resistance, Strength Properties, Corrosion Resistant Steel, Impact Strength, Dislocation Density, Weldability.

Perovskite supercapacitors have a promising future in the area of energy storage; due to their superior optoelectronic characteristics, simple device construction and increased efficiency. The book focuses on organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs); organometallic halides-based perovskite solar cells (OMHP-SCs); power conversion efficiency (PCE); ferroelectric-based perovskites; recycling of perovskite-based solar cell modules; lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs); and inorganic tin perovskite solar cells.

Structure-directed synthesis aims at the design and preparation of novel solid-state structures; using the structure-directing capability of some molecular additive, the so-called structure-directing agent. This general train of thought has led to the development of many weird and wonderful strategies. The book presents an in-depth review of the field and discusses the potential for further developments. Some of the topics are listed under 'Keywords'. The book references 343 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.Keywords: Directed Synthesis, Multicomponent Colloidal Nanostructures, Nanoparticle-Seed Surfaces, Photocatalytic and Photo-Electrochemical Applications, Synthesis of Nanostructured Metal Oxides and Metal Oxalates, Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors and Metals with Surface Plasmon-Resonance Active Bands, Mesoporous Materials Possessing Multilevel Architectures, Spatially Distinct Nanostructured Organic and Inorganic Arrays, 2- and 3-Dimensional Periodic Composite Structures, Protein-Protein Interaction and DNA Hybridization, Polynuclear Complexes and Coordination Polymers of 3d Metals, Ultra-Small Metal Nanoclusters, Biomolecule-Nanocluster Composites, Nanostructured Sulphur-Carbon Nanotube Cathode.

The book contains a comprehensive and interdisciplinary study in the field of plasma recovery of substandard CHP (Combined Heat and Power) turbine blades. The advantages and disadvantages of recovery methods are presented, as well as the traditional methods that are used in production, and the latest technical advances.Keywords: Turbine Blades, Energy Efficiency, Productivity, Types of Failures, Mathematical Description of Dynamic Processes, Quality Indicators for Blades of Complex Geometry, Steam and Gas Turbines, Recovery of the Phase Structure, Gas-Air Path of the Plasmatron

The book reviews recent developments in the field of nanomaterials science and technology. Topics covered include methods of fabrication of nanomaterials and nanocomposites, and their applications in areas such as Optoelectronics, Cosmetics, Energy Conversion Cells, Soil and Water Treatment, Agricultural Engineering, Food Sciences, Leather Production, and Photocatalysis.

The book is concerned with the use of Artificial Intelligence in the discovery, production and application of new engineering materials. Topics covered include nano-robots, data mining, solar energy systems, materials genomics, polymer manufacturing, and energy conversion issues.

ZnO and its hybrid nanostructures have unique optical, physical and chemical properties. The book covers recent trends in processing techniques and applications. Topics include solar cells, photo-voltaic devices, fuel cells, uv filters, lasers, light-emitting diodes, photo-detectors, spin-tronic devices, magnetic semiconductors, nano-generators, piezotronics, photo-catalytic applications against harmful organic pollutants like dyes, heavy metals, antibiotics, and sensors such as bio sensors, chemical sensors, gas sensors.

The book provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, characterization and potential applications of nanobiomaterials. Emphasis is placed on antimicrobial action, bone regeneration, wound treatment, cancer diagnosis, environmental cleanup and the ethical considerations of nanomedicine.Keywords: Nanomaterials, Green Chemistry, Synthesis of Nanoparticles, Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles, Antimicrobial Action, Bone Regeneration, Wound Treatment, Molecular Targets, Cancer Diagnosis, Environmental Clean-up, Ethics of Nanomedicine.

The book focuses on the causes of failures of oil producing pumps as a result of the aggressive action of the oil-producing environment. To ensure a good durability of the pumps, the application of laser spraying technology is investigated.Keywords: Oil Pumping Complexes, Oil Fluids, Gas Dynamic Analysis, Downhole Pumps, Calculation of Cutting Modes, Causes of Failures, Wear Mechanisms, Gas-Dynamic Calculation, Simulation Flow Software, Laser Spraying, Internal Surfaces, Electric Centrifugal Pumping, Rod Depth Pump, Non-Standard Pumps, Causes of Malfunctions, Restoring Pump Operability, Salt Deposition Inhibitors, Laser Source, Boring Head, Small-Diameter Structures.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have many applications in the biomedical field because of their non-toxicity, high chemical stability, and biocompatibility. They are used in DNA or protein separation, hyperthermia, tissue engineering, magnetic resonance imaging, cancer therapy, drug delivery, bone and dental repair, biosensors, etc. The book focuses on magnetic nanoparticles and coated nanoparticles (ferrites nanoparticles, bimetallic-magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic fluid); their synthesis, characterization, and in vivo or in vitro biomedical applications.Keywords: Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanomaterials, Magnetic Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles, Magnetic Oxide Nanoparticles, Ferromagnetic Nickel Nanostructures, Cobalt Ferrite with Niobium Pentoxide, Hyperthermia, Oncologic Magnetic Thermotherapy, Cancer Therapy, Cancer Diagnosis, Drug Delivery. Immune System Related Diseases.

Due to their excellent magnetic characteristics, hard ferrites have many high-tech applications in such areas as permanent magnets, storage devices, HF Antenna and Spin Transmission. The present book reviews the present knowledge of these materials; their processing, characterization and potential applications. The book is also useful as an introductory text for students at the postgraduate research level.Keywords: Hard Ferrites, Synthesis, BaFe12O19, SrFe12O19, Magnetization, Miniaturization, EMI Shielding, Ferrofluids, Nanomaterials, Nano-Floating Gate, Permanent Magnets, Recording Media, High-Frequency Antenna, Radar Applications, Memory Devices. Spin Transmission, Spinel Model, Synthesis Methods.

This book reviews new advances in the field of nanomaterials; their synthesis, characterization, and applications. Specific topics include nanomaterials as catalysts, photodegradation of organic pollutants, multifunctional textiles, self-healing hydrogels, nanosensors for the detection of pathogens, machine learning based prosthesis, and various applications in the sports industry, the automobile sector, the area of defence and security, pharmaceuticals, energy storage and food packaging.Keywords: Nanomaterials, Catalysts, Photodegradation, Organic Pollutants, Multifunctional Textiles, Self-Healing Hydrogels, Nanosensors, Detection of Pathogens, Prosthesis, Pharmaceuticals, Energy Storage, Food Packaging.

The magnetoelectric properties of multiferroic materials have a high potential for applications in the fields of data storage, spin valves, spintronics, memories, sensors and microelectronic devices. The book presents both a detailed literature review of the field, and the experimental results obtained from various characterization and analytical techniques performed on four series of lanthanum orthoferrite type multiferroics. These materials have been used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), magneto-hydrodynamic power generation (MHD), capacitors and energy storage devices in microelectronics, non-volatile magnetic memory devices and ferroelectric random access memories (Fe-RAM).Keywords: Multiferroics, Lanthanum Orthoferrites, Ferromagnetism, Ferroelectricity, Electrical Conductivity, Thermal Stability, Dielectric Constant, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), Magneto-Hydrodynamic Power Generation (MHD), Capacitors, Energy Storage Devices, Magnetic Memory Devices, Ferroelectric Random Access Memories (Fe-RAM), Charge Density Measurements.

The book presents new research on the synthesis and characterization of various oxide based dilute magnetic spintronics materials (ODMS). The characterization techniques included powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and UV visible spectrometry. The morphological, magnetic and optical properties are reported. Electron density distribution studies are presented in the form of three, two and one dimensional electron density maps.Keywords: Spintronics Materials, Zn1-xTixO, Zn1-xFexO, Zn1-xVxO, Zn1-xNix/2Vx/2O, Synthesis, X-ray Diffraction. Rietveld Analysis, Surface Morphological Properties, Optical Properties, Magnetic Properties, Charge Density Analysis, Electron Density Distribution.

Boron Arsenide offers very interesting electronic properties, as well as a high thermal conductivity; nearly 10 times higher than that of silicon. It has been hailed as 'the best semiconductor material ever found'. The present book presents a detailed review of this material and its potential applications. The materials covered include Icosahedral Boron Arsenide, Hexagonal Boron Arsenide, Amorphous Boron Arsenide and Cubic Boron Arsenide. The book references 166 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.Keywords: Boron Arsenides, Electron Mobility, Hole Mobility, Band-gap, Monolayers, Defects, Mechanical Properties, Photo-electrodes, Thermal Conductivity, Heat-spreading.

The book focuses on the applications of ion exchange resins in processes such as the separation and purification of proteins and vitamins, the selective separation of toxic metals and the separation and purification of bioactive molecules. Specific topics include drug delivery, clinical applications, water softening and sustained drug delivery.Keyword: Ion Exchange Resins, Protein Separation and Purification, Partition and Purgation of Vitamins, Toxic Heavy Metal Ions, Bioactive Molecules, Sustained Drug Release, Ion-Exchange Chromatography, Clinical Applications, Electrodialysis, Ultrasound, Water Softening.

The book presents the current status of superconductor science and technology. Keywords: Superconductors, Large-Scale Applications, Bulk Superconductors, Soft Superconductors, Oxide Superconductors, Lanthanide-based Superconductors, High Temperature Superconductors, Superconducting Metamaterials, Medical Applications, Magnetic Imaging Resonance Applications.

The book reviews our current knowledge of piezoelectric materials, including their history, developments, properties, process design, and technical applications. Keywords: Piezoelectric Materials, Piezo-crystals, Nanogenerators, Phototronics, Piezoelectric Composites, Biomedical Applications, Energy Harvesting, Piezoelectric Thin Films, Piezoelectric Perovskites, Sensor Applications, Piezoelectric Ceramics, Piezoelectric Semiconductors, Piezoelectric Polymers.

The book focuses on clay-based micro and nanocomposites with different synthetic polymers and presents their synthesis, characterization and testing. Keywords: Synthetic Polymer Composites, Nanoclay-based Polymer Nanocomposites, Hectorite, Nontronite-Starch, Reinforcement of Thermoplastics, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Sonochemical Synthesis, Drug Delivery, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Flame Retardancy, Water Treatment.

The book presents recent advances in the field of nanoenzymes and the immobilization of enzymes in nanomaterials Keywords: Nanoenzymes, Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Activated Carbon, Enzyme Immobilization, Catalytic Activity, Leaching of the Enzyme, Enzyme Mimicking, Biosensors, Biosensing Mechanisms, Therapeutic Applications, Vdeg)NNine PrduNtin deg)nd Immunizdeg)tin. Drug Delivery, Delivery of Vaccine Antigens, Antigen Resistance, Immunogenicity, Disease Diagnosis.

Due to their characteristic properties, biodegradable nature and non-toxicity, clay-biopolymer based composites have many applications in such advanced fields as drug release, antimicrobial activities, etc. Keywords: Clay-Polymer Composites, Nano Clay, Polysaccharide, Fibrous Clays, Halloysite-Chitosan, Montmorillonite-Chitosan, Kaolinite-Chitosan, Vermiculite Starch, Halloysite-Starch, Montmorillonite-Starch, Kaolinite-Starch, Cellulose. HNT-Cellulose, Kaolinite-Cellulose, Drug Release, Wound Healing, Tissue Engineering, Wastewater Treatment, Food Packaging, Flame Retardant Materials.

The book covers the synthesis, classification, characterization, applications and historical background of nanomaterials in various sectors, such as nanosensors, healthcare, solar cells, energy storage, hydrogels, nanocatalysts, sport industry, automobile sector, construction industry, lubricant industry, defense and security, textiles, food sciences, agriculture and biomedical applications.Keywords: Carbon Nanomaterials , Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials, Smart Nanomaterials, Hybrid Nanomaterials, Biomedical Applications, Drug Delivery, Soy Protein Isolate, Healthcare, Perovskite Solar Cells, Nanoemulsions, Lubricant Industry, Binding Materials, Construction Industry, Toxicological Effects, Aquatic Biota, Safety Concerns.