Bücher der Reihe Mathematical Notes

Serves as a text for mathematics students at the intermediate graduate level. This book aims to acquaint readers with the fundamental classical results of partial differential equations and to guide them into some aspects of the modern theory to the point where they will be equipped to read advanced treatises and research papers.

This book builds upon the revolutionary discovery made in 1974 that when one passes from function f to a function J of paths joining two points A1=A1 the connectivities R1 of the domain of f can be replaced by connectivities R1 over Q, common to the pathwise components of a basic Frechet space of classes of equivalent curves joining A1 to A1. The connectivities R1, termed "e;Frechet numbers,"e; are proved independent of the choice of A1 = A1, and of a replacement of Mn by any differential manifold homeomorphic to Mn.Originally published in 1976.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The classical uniformization theorem for Riemann surfaces and its recent extensions can be viewed as introducing special pseudogroup structures, affine or projective structures, on Riemann surfaces. In fact, the additional structures involved can be considered as local forms of the uniformizations of Riemann surfaces. In this study, Robert Gunning discusses the corresponding pseudogroup structures on higher-dimensional complex manifolds, modeled on the theory as developed for Riemann surfaces.Originally published in 1978.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Elliptic equations of critical Sobolev growth have been the target of investigation for decades because they have proved to be of great importance in analysis, geometry, and physics. The equations studied here are of the well-known Yamabe type. They involve Schrodinger operators on the left hand side and a critical nonlinearity on the right hand side. A significant development in the study of such equations occurred in the 1980s. It was discovered that the sequence splits into a solution of the limit equation--a finite sum of bubbles--and a rest that converges strongly to zero in the Sobolev space consisting of square integrable functions whose gradient is also square integrable. This splitting is known as the integral theory for blow-up. In this book, the authors develop the pointwise theory for blow-up. They introduce new ideas and methods that lead to sharp pointwise estimates. These estimates have important applications when dealing with sharp constant problems (a case where the energy is minimal) and compactness results (a case where the energy is arbitrarily large). The authors carefully and thoroughly describe pointwise behavior when the energy is arbitrary. Intended to be as self-contained as possible, this accessible book will interest graduate students and researchers in a range of mathematical fields.

This book introduces a new class of non-associative algebras related to certain exceptional algebraic groups and their associated buildings. Richard Weiss develops a theory of these "e;quadrangular algebras"e; that opens the first purely algebraic approach to the exceptional Moufang quadrangles. These quadrangles include both those that arise as the spherical buildings associated to groups of type E6, E7, and E8 as well as the exotic quadrangles "e;of type F4"e; discovered earlier by Weiss. Based on their relationship to exceptional algebraic groups, quadrangular algebras belong in a series together with alternative and Jordan division algebras. Formally, the notion of a quadrangular algebra is derived from the notion of a pseudo-quadratic space (introduced by Jacques Tits in the study of classical groups) over a quaternion division ring. This book contains the complete classification of quadrangular algebras starting from first principles. It also shows how this classification can be made to yield the classification of exceptional Moufang quadrangles as a consequence. The book closes with a chapter on isotopes and the structure group of a quadrangular algebra. Quadrangular Algebras is intended for graduate students of mathematics as well as specialists in buildings, exceptional algebraic groups, and related algebraic structures including Jordan algebras and the algebraic theory of quadratic forms.

The recent introduction of the Seiberg-Witten invariants of smooth four-manifolds has revolutionized the study of those manifolds. The invariants are gauge-theoretic in nature and are close cousins of the much-studied SU(2)-invariants defined over fifteen years ago by Donaldson. On a practical level, the new invariants have proved to be more powerful and have led to a vast generalization of earlier results. This book is an introduction to the Seiberg-Witten invariants. The work begins with a review of the classical material on Spin c structures and their associated Dirac operators. Next comes a discussion of the Seiberg-Witten equations, which is set in the context of nonlinear elliptic operators on an appropriate infinite dimensional space of configurations. It is demonstrated that the space of solutions to these equations, called the Seiberg-Witten moduli space, is finite dimensional, and its dimension is then computed. In contrast to the SU(2)-case, the Seiberg-Witten moduli spaces are shown to be compact. The Seiberg-Witten invariant is then essentially the homology class in the space of configurations represented by the Seiberg-Witten moduli space. The last chapter gives a flavor for the applications of these new invariants by computing the invariants for most Kahler surfaces and then deriving some basic toological consequences for these surfaces.

Explains diffusive motion and its relation to both nonrelativistic quantum theory and quantum field theory. This book shows how diffusive motion concepts lead to a radical reexamination of the structure of mathematical analysis.

This monograph examines new areas of ergodic theory, describing entropy theory, elements of the renormalization group method in the theory of dynamical systems, the splitting of separatrices, and problems related to the theory of hyperbolic dynamical systems.

An elliptic curve is a particular kind of cubic equation in two variables whose projective solutions form a group. Developing, with many examples, the elementary theory of elliptic curves, this book goes on to the subject of modular forms and the first connections with elliptic curves.

The description for this book, Lectures on Vector Bundles over Riemann Surfaces. (MN-6), will be forthcoming.

The interplay between analysis on Lie groups and the theory of special functions is well known. This book deals with the case of the Heisenberg group and the related expansions in terms of Hermite, special Hermite, and Laguerre functions. It develops Littlewood-Paley-Stein theory for the expansions and uses the theory to prove multiplier theorems.

Starting with the elementary theory of Lie groups of matrices, this book arrives at the definition, elementary properties, and first applications of cohomological induction. It is based on a one-semester course given at the State University of New York, Stony Brook in fall, 1986.

This book provides a detailed exposition of William Thurston's work on surface homeomorphisms, available here for the first time in English. Based on material of Thurston presented at a seminar in Orsay from 1976 to 1977, it covers topics such as the space of measured foliations on a surface, the Thurston compactification of Teichmuller space, the Nielsen-Thurston classification of surface homeomorphisms, and dynamical properties of pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphisms. Thurston never published the complete proofs, so this text is the only resource for many aspects of the theory.Thurston was awarded the prestigious Fields Medal in 1982 as well as many other prizes and honors, and is widely regarded to be one of the major mathematical figures of our time. Today, his important and influential work on surface homeomorphisms is enjoying continued interest in areas ranging from the Poincare conjecture to topological dynamics and low-dimensional topology.Conveying the extraordinary richness of Thurston's mathematical insight, this elegant and faithful translation from the original French will be an invaluable resource for the next generation of researchers and students.

Addressing physicists and mathematicians alike, this book discusses the finite dimensional representation theory of sl(2), both classical and quantum. Covering representations of U(sl(2)), quantum sl(2), the quantum trace and color representations, and the Turaev-Viro invariant, this work is useful to graduate students and professionals. The classic subject of representations of U(sl(2)) is equivalent to the physicists' theory of quantum angular momentum. This material is developed in an elementary way using spin-networks and the Temperley-Lieb algebra to organize computations that have posed difficulties in earlier treatments of the subject. The emphasis is on the 6j-symbols and the identities among them, especially the Biedenharn-Elliott and orthogonality identities. The chapter on the quantum group Ub-3.0 qb0(sl(2)) develops the representation theory in strict analogy with the classical case, wherein the authors interpret the Kauffman bracket and the associated quantum spin-networks algebraically. The authors then explore instances where the quantum parameter q is a root of unity, which calls for a representation theory of a decidedly different flavor. The theory in this case is developed, modulo the trace zero representations, in order to arrive at a finite theory suitable for topological applications. The Turaev-Viro invariant for 3-manifolds is defined combinatorially using the theory developed in the preceding chapters. Since the background from the classical, quantum, and quantum root of unity cases has been explained thoroughly, the definition of this invariant is completely contained and justified within the text.

This book has as its subject the boundary value theory of holomorphic functions in several complex variables, a topic that is just now coming to the forefront of mathematical analysis. For one variable, the topic is classical and rather well understood. In several variables, the necessary understanding of holomorphic functions via partial differential equations has a recent origin, and Professor Stein's book, which emphasizes the potential-theoretic aspects of the boundary value problem, should become the standard work in the field.Originally published in 1972.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This volume offers a systematic treatment of certain basic parts of algebraic geometry, presented from the analytic and algebraic points of view. The notes focus on comparison theorems between the algebraic, analytic, and continuous categories.Contents include: 1.1 sheaf theory, ringed spaces; 1.2 local structure of analytic and algebraic sets; 1.3 Pn 2.1 sheaves of modules; 2.2 vector bundles; 2.3 sheaf cohomology and computations on Pn; 3.1 maximum principle and Schwarz lemma on analytic spaces; 3.2 Siegel's theorem; 3.3 Chow's theorem; 4.1 GAGA; 5.1 line bundles, divisors, and maps to Pn; 5.2 Grassmanians and vector bundles; 5.3 Chern classes and curvature; 5.4 analytic cocycles; 6.1 K-theory and Bott periodicity; 6.2 K-theory as a generalized cohomology theory; 7.1 the Chern character and obstruction theory; 7.2 the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence; 7.3 K-theory on algebraic varieties; 8.1 Stein manifold theory; 8.2 holomorphic vector bundles on polydisks; 9.1 concluding remarks; bibliography.Originally published in 1974.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Based on a series of lectures given by Harish-Chandra at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1971-1973, this book provides an introduction to the theory of harmonic analysis on reductive p-adic groups.Originally published in 1979.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Kenneth Brakke studies in general dimensions a dynamic system of surfaces of no inertial mass driven by the force of surface tension and opposed by a frictional force proportional to velocity. He formulates his study in terms of varifold surfaces and uses the methods of geometric measure theory to develop a mathematical description of the motion of a surface by its mean curvature. This mathematical description encompasses, among other subtleties, those of changing geometries and instantaneous mass losses.Originally published in 1978.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The Neumann problem is probably the most important and natural example of a non-elliptic boundary value problem, arising as it does from the Cauchy-Riemann equations. It has been known for some time how to prove solvability and regularity by the use of L2 methods. In this monograph the authors apply recent methods involving the Heisenberg group to obtain parametricies and to give sharp estimates in various function spaces, leading to a better understanding of the Neumann problem. The authors have added substantial background material to make the monograph more accessible to students.Originally published in 1977.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Encompassing both introductory and more advanced research material, these notes deal with the author's contributions to stochastic processes and focus on Brownian motion processes and its derivative white noise.Originally published in 1970.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Written by Arthur Ogus on the basis of notes from Pierre Berthelot's seminar on crystalline cohomology at Princeton University in the spring of 1974, this book constitutes an informal introduction to a significant branch of algebraic geometry. Specifically, it provides the basic tools used in the study of crystalline cohomology of algebraic varieties in positive characteristic.Originally published in 1978.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.