Bücher der Reihe Pageoph Topical Volumes

This book presents the frontiers of tsunami science and research and demonstrates the unprecedented progress achieved during this period overviewing different aspect of tsunami science including meteorological tsunamis.The two 1992 events near Nicaragua and Flores Island, Indonesia, marked the beginning of a ¿modern tsunami science erä producing highly destructive tsunamis and opened a 25-year period of numerous devastating events, including two of the most destructive natural disasters in recent human history: the 26 December 2004 Sumatra and the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunamis. The book is of interest to scientists and practitioners as well postgraduate students in geophysics, oceanography and coastal engineering, involved in all aspects of tsunamis, from earthquake source processes to transoceanic wave propagation, from coastal impacts to hazard assessment and combining recent case studies with advances in tsunami science and natural hazards mitigation.

This Topical Volume focuses on aviation meteorology for operations and research, covering important topics related to wind and turbulence, visibility, fog and precipitation, convection and lightning, icing, blowing snow, and ice cloud microphysics and dynamics.

Recent theoretical and technique developments, novel laboratory experiments, dense seismic arrays, and other high quality data sets offer opportunities for advancing significantly the understanding of earthquakes and faults.

The volume comprises 22 papers that are classified in three research categories: (1) storms, extremes and mesoscale processes, (2) atmospheric climate, variability and climate change, and (3) ocean climate and variability.

Geophysicists use UAVs to observe underground features, geologists and geomorphologists utilize drones to carry out detailed survey of Earth's surface, hydrologists apply UAVs to observe water bodies and conduct hydrometric measurements, and meteorologists use drones to measure weather characteristics and air quality.

Tsunami science has evolved significantly since the occurrence of two of the most destructive natural disasters in recent times: the 26 December 2004 Sumatra tsunami that killed about 230,000 people along the coasts of 14 countries in the Indian Ocean and the 11 March 2011 Tohoku (Great East Japan) tsunami that killed almost 20,000 people and destroyed the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. As a result of these and many other destructive tsunamis that have occurred over just the last decade, scientists from around the world have come together to engage in tsunami research. The global community of researchers has also expanded by discipline, adapting advances in other sciences to study all aspects of tsunami hydrodynamics, detection, generation, and probability of occurrence. The papers presented in this third of three topical volumes of Pure and Applied Geophysics reflect the state of tsunami science during this time. Five papers from diverse geographic regions, ranging from off South Africa to northern Kamchatka, demonstrate the global nature of tsunami hazards. Six papers on tsunami hydrodynamic analysis and modeling form the core of this volume, similar to the previous two volumes of Global Tsunami Science. As a forefront of tsunami research, five papers discuss prehistoric tsunamis and tsunami generation by phenomena other than earthquakes. Finally, tsunami warning and real-time forecasting are important outcomes of tsunami science and are represented in this volume by four papers. Collectively, this volume highlights contemporary trends in global tsunami science, both fundamental and applied toward hazard assessment and mitigation. The volume is of interest to scientists and practitioners involved in all aspects of tsunamis from source processes to coastal impacts. Postgraduate students in geophysics, oceanography and coastal engineering - as well as students in the broader geosciences, civil and environmental engineering - will also find the book to be a valuable resource, as it combines recent case studies with advances in tsunami science and natural hazards mitigation.

This volume contains 9 papers that present new observations on earthquake-related hydrological, geochemical, and geophysical changes in Japan, Taiwan, Baja California in Mexico, and mostly China, one paper on laboratory rock-mechanics study, and a brief overview of Chinese research on earthquake prediction during the past 5 decades.

This volume treats the key aspects that must be known when dealing with continuous space geodetic or terrestrial geodetic observations. The signals of Earth core resonance are discussed, as well as tidal effects on Earth polar motion and on earthquake triggering. Hydrologic loading, be it ocean tides or subsurface water flows, is discussed. These signals compete with crustal deformation observations of earthquakes (e.g., Gorkha 2015) during interseismic periods, and on volcanoes (Elbrus, Caucasus). The instrumentation that is covered includes superconducting gravimeters, continuous seafloor gravimeters, interferometric tilt and strain meters, and GNSS networks.The articles give an up-to-date account of research in which the Earth tides are a benchmark signal for the sophisticated instrumentation mounted on satellites or the surface, observing time-variable signals of an evolving Earth. Scientists studying the earthquake cycle and geodetic monitoring will find useful material. For students in the geosciences, the collection offers a good overview of the broad spectrum of topics related to the Earth geodetic monitoring.

In addition to laboratory rock friction experiments, the second section examines earthquake source models for the 2016 MW 6.6 Aketao earthquake in Eastern Pamir and two earthquakes in Eastern Taiwan, along with strong ground motion studies of the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake.

This is the first of two volumes devoted to earthquakes and multi-hazards around the Pacific Rim. The circum-Pacific seismic belt is home to roughly 80% of the world¿s largest earthquakes, making it the ideal location for investigating earthquakes and related hazards such as tsunamis and landslides. Gathering 16 papers that cover a range of topics related to multi-hazards, the book is divided into three sections: earthquake physics, earthquake simulation and data assimilation, and multi-hazard assessment and earthquake forecasting models. The first section includes papers on laboratory-derived rheological parameters as well as seismic studies in the Gulf of California and China. In turn, the second section includes papers on improvements in earthquake simulators as well as the statistical methods used to evaluate their performance, automated methods for determining fault slip using near-field interferometric data, variabilities in earthquake stress drops in California, and the use of social media data to supplement physical sensor data when estimating local earthquake intensity. The final section includes a paper on probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment, several papers on time-dependent seismic hazard analysis around the Pacific Rim, and a paper on induced and triggered seismicity at the Geysers geothermal field in California. Rapid advances are being made in our understanding of multi-hazards, as well as the range of tools used to investigate them. This volume provides a representative cross-section of how state-of-the-art knowledge and tools are currently being applied to multi-hazards around the Pacific Rim. The material here should be of interest to scientists involved in all areas of multi-hazards, particularly seismic and tsunami hazards. In addition, it offers a valuable resource for students in the geosciences, covering a broad spectrum of topics related to hazard research.

This volume collects several extended articles from the first workshop on Best Practices in Physics-based Fault Rupture Models for Seismic Hazard Assessment of Nuclear Installations (BestPSHANI).

Tsunami science has evolved significantly since the occurrence of two of the most destructive natural disasters in recent times: The 26 December 2004 Sumatra tsunami and the 11 March 2011 Tohoku (Great East Japan) tsunami.

This volume presents recent developments in atmospheric sciences driven by numerical modeling which makes use of geospatial technologies and increasing computational power. This main theme of the topical volume is extended to cover case studies on the use of geoinformatics in atmospheric studies in other regions at a range of spatial scales.

Geodynamics of the Latin American Pacific Margin presents a collection of 22 studies by a multinational group of investigators whose common interest is to better understand the complex geodynamic processes occurring along the Pacific margin of Latin America and the impact that these processes have on the local populace.

This includes not only non-seismicity geophysical data, suchas GPS observation on surface displacement, InSAR observation of the co-seismicdeformation, ionospheric observations, etc., but also extended seismologicaldata including slow earthquakes, tremor, and VLF earthquakes.

Reprint from Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH), Volume 151 (1998), No. 2/3/4

The 2010 tsunamis generated in Haiti, Chile, and Indonesia caused various damage on the coasts. They report the above tsunamis and discuss tsunami DART observations, warning systems, risk management in the Pacific, modelling of earthquake and landslide tsunamis, and probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment.

The 2011 Tohoku earthquake generated a tsunami that caused severe damage including 20,000 casualties in Japan. They report seismological aspects of the event related to the tsunami warning, the tsunami impacts and effects in Japan and around the Pacific, analyses of instrumental tsunami data and modelling.

Earthquake fault zones exhibit hierarchical damage and granular structures with evolving geometrical and material properties. This title shows how insight can come from many fields including statistical physics, structural geology and rock mechanics at large scales; and, more.

"Geodynamics of the Mexican Pacific Margin" presents the results of studies from various disciplines whose common goal is to better understand the complex geodynamic processes that exist along the Pacific margin of Mexico.

This special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics is one of two volumes containing an augmented collection of papers originating from the Evison Symposium on Seismogenesis and Earthquake Forecasting held in Wellington, New Zealand, in February 2008.

This volume presents a collection of contributions that were published in "Pure and Applied Geophysics - pageoph" and which deals with the major earthquake that hit Illapel, Chile on September 16, 2015 with magnitude 8.3, and associated trans-oceanic tsunami.

Tsunami science has evolved significantly since the occurrence of two of the most destructive natural disasters in recent times: the 26 December 2004 Sumatra tsunami that killed about 230,000 people along the coasts of 14 countries in the Indian Ocean and the 11 March 2011 Tohoku (Great East Japan) tsunami that killed almost 20,000 people and destroyed the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. As a result of these and many other destructive tsunamis that have occurred over just the last decade, scientists from around the world have come together to engage in tsunami research. The global community of researchers has also expanded by discipline, adapting advances in other sciences to study all aspects of tsunami hydrodynamics, detection, generation, and probability of occurrence. The papers presented in this first of two topical volumes of Pure and Applied Geophysics reflect the state of tsunami science during this time. Nine papers examine various aspects of tsunami hazard and riskassessment. Five papers present new methods for tsunami warning and detection and six other papers describe new methods for understanding tsunami hydrodynamics. The final five papers of the volume describe tsunamis generated by non-seismic sources and important case studies. Collectively, this volume highlights contemporary trends in global tsunami science, both fundamental and applied toward hazard assessment and mitigation. The volume is of interest to scientists and practitioners involved in all aspects of tsunamis from source processes to coastal impacts. Postgraduate students in geophysics, oceanography and coastal engineering ¿ as well as students in the broader geosciences, civil and environmental engineering ¿ will also find the book to be a valuable resource, as it combines recent case studies with advances in tsunami science and natural hazards mitigation.

This topical issue of the Journal of Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAAG) on ice fog, ice clouds, and remote sensing focuses on cold fog and ice cloud microphysics and dynamics in earth's boundary layer.

Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) are a rather recent development in seismology that allows issue warnings to a site with a short lead-time about the impending arrival of the largest strong ground motion from an earthquake, after the first wave arrivals have been detected nearer to the source by adequate sensors.

This issue contains 16 papers, presenting work on tsunami hazards, earthquakes, and related computational infrastructure.