Bücher der Reihe Population and Community Biology

This new approach, termed 'pattern analysis' by Williams (1976), has led to a range of statistical techniques which have been enthusiastically taken up by ecologists to replace the collection of ad hoc procedures developed over the years for analysing community data.

In cataloging a dozen vertical patterns I hope to convince the reader that species interactions across trophic levels are as patterned as those along trophic levels and demand explanations equally forcefully.