Bücher der Reihe Routledge Studies in Modern European History

In the last years, the discussion around what is fascism, if this concept can be applied to present forms of politics and if its seeds are still present today, became central in the political debate. This discussion led to a vast reconsideration of the meaning and the experience of fascism in Europe and is changing the ways in which scholars of different generations look at this political ideology and come back to it and it is also changing the ways in which we consider the experience of Italian fascism in the European and global context. The aim of the book is building a general history of Fascism and its historiography through the analysis of 13 different fundamental aspects, which were at the core of Fascist project or of Fascist practices during the regime. Each essay considers a specific and meaningful aspect of the history of Italian fascism, reflecting on it from the vantage point of a case study. The essays thus reinterrogates the history of Fascism to understand in which way Fascism was able to mould the historical context in which it was born, how and if it transformed political, cultural, social elements that were already present in Italy. The themes considered are violence, empire, war, politics, economy, religion, culture, but also antifascism and the impact of Fascism abroad, especially in the Twenties and at the beginnings of the Thirties.The book could be both used for a general public interested in the history of Europe in the interwar period and for an academic and scholarly public, since the essays aim to develop a provocative reflection on their own area of research.

This book provides a complete history of the Conservative party from 1935 to 1940 and explores its responses to the problems of fascism.

This book presents a multi-layered analysis of the situation in Central Europe after the collapse of the Habsburg Empire: organizing the post-imperial space, a new political order, attempts to create new national memories, and solving multiple problems typical of that region after 1918.

This book brings together twenty-one scholars and a host of original ideas, revisionist arguments, and new information to mark the bicentennial of the Greek Revolution of 1821. It will appeal to scholars and students of the Age of Revolution, transnational history, political theory and constitutional law.

Recent collection of essays discusses the historical event and the multifarious consequences of the 1867 Compromise (Ausgleich, Settlement), conducted between the Habsburg monarch, Francis Joseph and the Hungarian political ruling class.

This edited volume offers a fresh interpretation of the Cold War and of twentieth century smaller European powers, arguing that their position vis-à-vis the superpowers often provided them with an opportunity rather than merely representing a constraint.

This book explores social, political, legal, and cultural facets of the movement for the recovery of historical memory and the growing demands for accountability for past state-sanctioned violence in Spain, both of which have been fueled by the exhumations of mass graves that began in 2000. The volume contributes to three crucial tasks: the on-going process of documenting Francoist repression in post-war Spain; the acknowledgment and analysis of the legacies of such violence in contemporary Spanish society; and the discussion of the legal and political viability of alternative forms of transitional justice that might provide a long-delayed public response to past violence in Spain.

This volume of essays examines one of the crucial periods in the evolution of the European rural economy and society, assessing the effects of the Second World War on the European countryside, and the impact of food and agricultural problems on the outcome of the war.

Bringing together a team of scholars from the diverse fields of geography, literary studies and history, this is the first volume to study water as a cultural phenomenon within the Russian/Soviet context. Water in this context is both a cognitive and cultural construct and a geographical and physical phenomenon.

This book explores social, political, legal, and cultural facets of the movement for the recovery of historical memory and the growing demands for accountability for past state-sanctioned violence in Spain, both of which have been fueled by the exhumations of mass graves that began in 2000. The volume contributes to three crucial tasks: the on-going process of documenting Francoist repression in post-war Spain; the acknowledgment and analysis of the legacies of such violence in contemporary Spanish society; and the discussion of the legal and political viability of alternative forms of transitional justice that might provide a long-delayed public response to past violence in Spain.

Alan S. Milward was a renowned historian of contemporary Europe. In addition to his books, as well as articles and chapters in edited books, he also wrote nearly 250 book reviews and review articles, some in French and German, which were published in journals world-wide. Taken together they reveal a remarkable degree of theoretical consistency in his approach to understanding the history of Europe since the French Revolution.

Ireland¿s Great Famine of 1845¿52 was among the most devastating food crises in modern history. A country of some eight-and-a-half-million people lost one million to hunger and disease and another million to emigration. The essays collected here examine the full range of resistance in the Great Famine - against rent and rate collection, against the decisions of those controlling relief works, against clergymen who attributed the poor's suffering to the Almighty - and illuminate how the crisis itself transformed popular politics. Contributors include distinguished scholars of modern Ireland and emerging historians and critics. This book is essential reading for students of modern Ireland, and the global history of collective action.

This volume puts age on the agenda of food history by focusing on the very diverse diets throughout the lifecycle.

This volume takes a comparative approach, locating totalitarianism in the vastly complex web of fragmented pasts, diverse presents and differently envisaged futures to enhance our understanding of this fraught era in European history. It shows that no matter how often totalitarian societies spoke of and imagined their subjects as so many slates to be wiped clean and re-written on, older identities, familial loyalties and the enormous resilience of the individual (or groups of individuals) meant that the almost impossible demands of their regimes needed to be constantly transformed, limited and recast.

This book presents new perspectives and fresh insight into the roles of national and religious minorities and the parts played by individuals, social groups, political parties and institutions in the 1905 Russian revolution.

This volume of essays examines one of the crucial periods in the evolution of the European rural economy and society, assessing the effects of the Second World War on the European countryside, and the impact of food and agricultural problems on the outcome of the war.

Twenty-five scholars from various disciplines analyze and explain to the reader many of the complexities of the research output of Alan S. Milward: the role of the modern European nation-state in the social, economic and political development of Europe since the 19th century; the overall social and economic impact of the two world wars; the reconstruction of Western Europe; the rationale behind the Marshall Plan and its long-term consequences; and the multidisciplinary study of the process of the political and economic integration of Europe in a long-term perspective.and the essence of his pioneering contribution to reaching a better understanding of European economic and political history in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

Explores Germany's efforts to come to grips with its cities after World War I. This book focuses on the weakness, both local and national, that resulted from the disjunct between the cities' perceived and actual power.

This study analyzes the disarmament policy of successive British governments from 1919 to 1934, concluding that the policy-makers' strategy was to avoid their international obligations for as long as possible.

Exploring theatre and opera, architecture and urban planning, the medieval revival and the rediscovery of the Etruscan and Roman past, this book analyzes Italians' changing relationship to their nation state and the monarchy, class conflicts, and the emergence of various belief systems and of scientific responses to the experience of modernity.

This book analyzes historical as well as contemporary perceptions and perspectives concerning border regions ¿ inside the EU, between EU and non-EU European countries, and between European and non-European countries. The contributors - historians, sociologists, anthropologists, and political scientists from a diverse range of European universities - primarily incorporate an interdisciplinary and comparative approach.

The aim of this book is to reconstruct the radical and transnational tradition of war volunteering connected to Giuseppe Garibaldi's legacy in Southern Europe between 1861 and 1945. The capacity of war volunteering to endure and persist over time has rarely been investigated in historiography.

This book concerns the persecution of the Sinti and Roma in Germany during the Second Empire (1871-1918) and Weimar Republic (1919-1933) and traces the ways in which discriminatory treatment towards 'Gypsies' developed in a state ostensibly committed to individual liberty and equal treatment under the law.

This monograph focuses on the challenges which interwar regimes faced and how they coped with them in the aftermath of World War I, focusing especially on the failure to establish and stabilize democratic regimes, as well as on the fate of ethnic and religious minorities.

This monograph focuses on the challenges which interwar regimes faced and how they coped with them in the aftermath of World War I, focusing especially on the failure to establish and stabilize democratic regimes, as well as on the fate of ethnic and religious minorities.