Bücher der Reihe Routledge Studies in Modern History

Squatters have played an important role in the history of urban development and social movements, not least by contributing to changes in concepts of property and the distribution and utilization of urban space. In this volume, an interdisciplinary circle of authors provides a historical perspective on how squatters have articulated their demands for participation in the housing market and public space in a whole range of contexts - including the occupation of buildings in the Global "North" and land acquisition and informal settlements in the Global "South" - and how this brought them into conflict and/or cooperation with the authorities.

This book provides a comparative and transnational examination of the complex and multifaceted experiences of anti-labour mobilization, from the bitter social conflicts of the pre-war period, through the epochal tremors of war and revolution, and the violent spasms of the 1920s and 1930s.

This original and new study of senates in small powers across the North Atlantic shows that the establishment and reform of these upper legislative houses have followed remarkably parallel trajectories.

This wide-ranging interdisciplinary book examines acts of union and disunion in local, national and international nineteenth century settings, in Britain, Europe and the United States. It explores themes in relation to political leadership, trade unions, emancipation, religion and law.

This book draws together international contributors to analyse a wide range of aspects of mining history across the globe.

This book brings together specialists from a range of historical fields to analyse the establishment of these commodity chains from the Americas to Europe as well as their cultural implications.

This book raises the significant question of how civic nationalisms can be promoted and which dangers are inherent in the process.

The exact legacies of the two Hague Peace Conferences remain unclear. On the one hand, diplomatic and military historians, who cast their gaze to 1914, traditionally dismiss the events of 1899 and 1907 as insignificant footnotes on the path to the First World War. On the other, experts in international law posit that The Hague¿s foremost legacy lies in the manner in which the conferences progressed the law of war and the concept and application of international justice. This volume brings together some of the latest scholarship on the legacies of the Hague peace conferences in a comprehensive volume, drawing together an international team of contributors.

This volume continues the recent trend towards expanding definitions of war experience through considering a range of different landscapes and voices. Not all landscapes were comprised of trenches and barbed wire. Voices, supporting or dissenting, were many and varied. Collectively, they combine to offer fresh insights into the multiplicity of war experience, alternate spaces to the familiar tropes of mud and mayhem.

This volume aims to provide a wider view of First World War experience through focusing on landscapes less commonly considered in historiography, and on voices that have remained on the margins of popular understanding of the war. The landscape of the western front was captured during the conflict in many different ways: in photographs, paintings and print. The most commonly replicated voicing of contemporary attitudes towards the war is that of initial enthusiasm giving way to disillusionment and a sense of overwhelming futility. Investigations of the many components of war experience drawn from social and cultural history have looked to landscapes and voices beyond the frontline as a means of foregrounding different perspectives on the war. Not all of the voices presented here opposed the war, and not all of the landscapes were comprised of trenches or flanked by barbed wire. Collectively, they combine to offer further fresh insights into the multiplicity of war experience, an alternate space to the familiar tropes of mud and mayhem.

During the first half of the twentieth century, European countries witnessed the arrival of hundreds of thousands of colonial soldiers fighting in European territory and coming into contact with European society and culture. For many Europeans, these were the first instances in which they met Asians or Africans, and their presence did not go unnoticed. This book explores this experience as it relates to the returning soldiers - who often had difficulties re-adapting to their subordinate status at home - and on European authorities who for the first time had to accommodate large numbers of foreigners in their own territories, which would help shape later immigration policies.

This volume provides a history of productivity, both as an economic concept and as a principle of the organization of production processes, showing how productivity became both a guiding concept of economic thought and a framing principle of a variety of economic practices. Offering perspectives on the emergence of the modern economy¿at the intersection of economic and cultural history¿the book historicizes and critiques the schemas of modern economic thought.

Why does 1968 matter today? The authors of this volume believe that it is a crucial point of reference for current developments, especially the `illiberal turn¿ both in Europe and America.

Human displacement has always been a consequence of war, written into the myths and histories of centuries of warfare. However, the global conflicts of the twentieth century brought displacement to civilizations on an unprecedented scale, as the two World Wars shifted participants around the globe. Although driven by political disputes between European powers, the consequences of Empire ensured that Europe could not contain them. Soldiers traversed continents, and civilians often followed them, or found themselves living in territories ruled by unexpected invaders. Both wars saw fighting in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the Far East, and few nations remained neutral. Both wars saw the mass upheaval of civilian populations as a consequence of the fighting. Displacements were geographical, cultural, and psychological; they were based on nationality, sex/gender or age. They produced an astonishing range of human experience, recorded by the participants in different ways. This book brings together a collection of inter-disciplinary works by scholars who are currently producing some of the most innovative and influential work on the subject of displacement in war, in order to share their knowledge and interpretations of historical and literary sources. The collection unites historians and literary scholars in addressing the issues of war and displacement from multiple angles. Contributors draw on a wealth of primary source materials and resources including archives from across the world, military records, medical records, films, memoirs, diaries and letters, both published and private, and fictional interpretations of experience.

This collection examines the variety of relationships between statutory and voluntary sectors, and considers two hundred and fifty years of welfare provision on an international scale.

Investigates defining themes in the field of social memory studies as they bear on the politics of post-Cold-War, post-apartheid Southern Africa. This analysis is suitable for students of modern Africa; the sociology of memory; Third World politics; and post-conflict societies.

This book employs an interdisciplinary collaborative approach that takes into account multiple facets of Allied wartime nursing: historical contexts (history of the profession, recruitment, teaching, different national socio-political contexts), popular cultural stereotypes (in propaganda, popular culture) and longstanding gender norms (woman-as-nurturer). Contributors draw on a wide range of hitherto neglected historical sources, including diaries, novels, letters and material culture. The result is a fully-rounded new study of nurses¿ unique and compelling perspectives on the unprecedented experiences of the First World War.

During World War II, Churchill engaged in propaganda in the United States to persuade the American public and President Roosevelt that India should not be granted self-government at that time. This title unravels the reasons why this propaganda campaign was deemed necessary by Churchill, revealing the campaign's outcomes for nationalist Indians.

This volume explores the relationship between cities and railways over three centuries. Despite their nearly 200-year existence, The City and the Railway in the World shows that urban railways are still politically and historically important to the modern world.

This book revisits the central issue of how propaganda was understood within China's Communist Party system. The contributions to this volume capture the sweep of propaganda and its systematic continuities and discontinuities from the perspective of policymakers, bureaucratic functionaries, and artists.

This edited volume presents new research on Russian-Asian connections by historians, art historians, literary scholars, and linguists. Its interdisciplinary approach to the topic challenges readers to synthesize multiple analytical lenses to better understand the multivalent connections binding Russia and Asia together.

The authors in this book explore the early history of the United Nations in order to increase our understanding of both the achievements and the limits of international support for the independence of colonized peoples.