Bücher der Reihe Springer Monographs in Mathematics

This monograph is about monotone complete C*-algebras, their properties and the new classification theory.

This monograph presents an introduction to some geometric and analytic aspects of the maximum principle.

This volume provides an introduction to dessins d'enfants and embeddings of bipartite graphs in compact Riemann surfaces.

Authored by a ranking authority in harmonic analysis of several complex variables, this book embodies a state-of-the-art entree at the intersection of two important fields of research: complex analysis and harmonic analysis.

This edited volume offers a detailed account of the theory of directed graphs from the perspective of important classes of digraphs, with each chapter written by experts on the topic. Outlining fundamental discoveries and new results obtained over recent years, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research in the field. It covers core new results on each of the classes discussed, including chapters on tournaments, planar digraphs, acyclic digraphs, Euler digraphs, graph products, directed width parameters, and algorithms. Detailed indices ease navigation while more than 120 open problems and conjectures ensure that readers are immersed in all aspects of the field. Classes of Directed Graphs provides a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in computer science, mathematics and operations research. As digraphs are an important modelling tool in other areas of research, this book will also be a useful resource to researchers working in bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, sociology, physics, medicine, etc.

This book is a self-contained account of the method based on Carleman estimates for inverse problems of determining spatially varying functions of differential equations of the hyperbolic type by non-overdetermining data of solutions.

Authored by a ranking authority in Gaussian harmonic analysis, this book embodies a state-of-the-art entree at the intersection of two important fields of research: harmonic analysis and probability.

The book describes developments on some well-known problems regarding the relationship between orders of finite groups and that of their automorphism groups.

Building on fundamental results in variational analysis, this monograph presents new and recent developments in the field as well as selected applications.

This book explores and highlights the fertile interaction between logic and operator algebras, which in recent years has led to the resolution of several long-standing open problems on C*-algebras.

This volume provides readers with a detailed introduction to the amenability of Banach algebras and locally compact groups.

In this new text, Steven Givant-the author of several acclaimed books, including works co-authored with Paul Halmos and Alfred Tarski-develops three theories of duality for Boolean algebras with operators.

The book describes how curvature measures can be introduced for certain classes of sets with singularities in Euclidean spaces. Its focus lies on sets with positive reach and some extensions, which include the classical polyconvex sets and piecewise smooth submanifolds as special cases.

This book gives a compact exposition of the fundamentals of the theory of locally convex topological vector spaces. Overall, this book develops differential and integral calculus on infinite-dimensional locally convex spaces by using methods and techniques of the theory of locally convex spaces.

This book provides a detailed study of nonlinear partial differential equations satisfying certain nonstandard growth conditions which simultaneously extend polynomial, inhomogeneous and fully anisotropic growth.

Originating from graduate topics courses given by the first author, this book functions as a unique text-monograph hybrid that bridges a traditional graduate course to research level representation theory.

Its main result, a theorem proved by the authors and Florian Pop in 2012, describes the absolute Galois group of distinguished semi-local algebraic (and other) extensions of the rational numbers as free products of the free profinite group on countably many generators and local Galois groups.

The subject of local dynamical systems is concerned with the following two questions: 1. Given an nn matrix A, describe the behavior, in a neighborhood of the origin, of the solutions of all systems of di?erential equations having a rest point at the origin with linear part Ax, that is, all systems of the form x ? = Ax+*** , n where x? R and the dots denote terms of quadratic and higher order. 2. Describethebehavior(neartheorigin)ofallsystemsclosetoasystem of the type just described. To answer these questions, the following steps are employed: 1. A normal form is obtained for the general system with linear part Ax. The normal form is intended to be the simplest form into which any system of the intended type can be transformed by changing the coordinates in a prescribed manner. 2. An unfolding of the normal form is obtained. This is intended to be the simplest form into which all systems close to the original s- tem can be transformed. It will contain parameters, called unfolding parameters, that are not present in the normal form found in step 1. vi Preface 3. The normal form, or its unfolding, is truncated at some degree k, and the behavior of the truncated system is studied.

This book is the first serious attempt to gather all of the available theory of  "e;nonharmonic Fourier series"e; in one place, combining published results with new results by the authors. 

Since the term "e;random ?eld'' has a variety of different connotations, ranging from agriculture to statistical mechanics, let us start by clarifying that, in this book, a random ?eld is a stochastic process, usually taking values in a Euclidean space, and de?ned over a parameter space of dimensionality at least 1. Consequently, random processes de?ned on countable parameter spaces will not 1 appear here. Indeed, even processes on R will make only rare appearances and, from the point of view of this book, are almost trivial. The parameter spaces we like best are manifolds, although for much of the time we shall require no more than that they be pseudometric spaces. With this clari?cation in hand, the next thing that you should know is that this book will have a sequel dealing primarily with applications. In fact, as we complete this book, we have already started, together with KW (Keith Worsley), on a companion volume [8] tentatively entitled RFG-A,or Random Fields and Geometry: Applications. The current volume-RFG-concentrates on the theory and mathematical background of random ?elds, while RFG-A is intended to do precisely what its title promises. Once the companion volume is published, you will ?nd there not only applications of the theory of this book, but of (smooth) random ?elds in general.

A book on any mathematical subject above textbook level is not of much value unless it contains new ideas and new perspectives. Also, the author may be encouraged to include new results, provided that they help the reader gain newinsightsandarepresentedalongwithknownoldresultsinaclearexposition. Itis with this philosophy that Iwrite this volume. The two subjects, Dirichlet series and modular forms, are traditional, but I treat them in both orthodox and unorthodox ways. However, I try to make the book accessible to those who are not familiar with such topics, by including plenty of expository material. More speci?c descriptions of the contents will be given in the Introduction. To some extent, this book has a supplementary nature to my previous book Introduction to the Arithmetic Theory of Automorphic Functions, published by Princeton University Press in 1971, though I do not write the present book with that intent. While the 1971 book grew out of my lectures in various places, the essential points of this new book have never been presented publicly or privately. I hope that it will draw an audience as large as that of the previous book.

The Virasoro algebra is an infinite dimensional Lie algebra that plays an increasingly important role in mathematics and theoretical physics. This book describes some fundamental facts about the representation theory of the Virasoro algebra in a self-contained manner. Topics include the structure of Verma modules and Fock modules, the classification of (unitarizable) Harish-Chandra modules, tilting equivalence, and the rational vertex operator algebras associated to the so-called minimal series representations.Covering a wide range of material, this book has three appendices which provide background information required for some of the chapters. The authors organize fundamental results in a unified way and refine existing proofs. For instance in chapter three, a generalization of Jantzen filtration is reformulated in an algebraic manner, and geometric interpretation is provided. Statements, widely believed to be true, are collated, and results which are known but not verified are proven, such as the corrected structure theorem of Fock modules in chapter eight.This book will be of interest to a wide range of mathematicians and physicists from the level of graduate students to researchers.

Infinite dimensional holomorphy is the study of holomorphic or analytic func- tions over complex topological vector spaces. The terms in this description are easily stated and explained and allow the subject to project itself ini- tially, and innocently, as a compact theory with well defined boundaries. However, a comprehensive study would include delving into, and interacting with, not only the obvious topics of topology, several complex variables theory and functional analysis but also, differential geometry, Jordan algebras, Lie groups, operator theory, logic, differential equations and fixed point theory. This diversity leads to a dynamic synthesis of ideas and to an appreciation of a remarkable feature of mathematics - its unity. Unity requires synthesis while synthesis leads to unity. It is necessary to stand back every so often, to take an overall look at one's subject and ask "e;How has it developed over the last ten, twenty, fifty years? Where is it going? What am I doing?"e; I was asking these questions during the spring of 1993 as I prepared a short course to be given at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro during the following July. The abundance of suit- able material made the selection of topics difficult. For some time I hesitated between two very different aspects of infinite dimensional holomorphy, the geometric-algebraic theory associated with bounded symmetric domains and Jordan triple systems and the topological theory which forms the subject of the present book.

Subject Matter The original title of this book was Tractatus Classico-Quantummechanicus, but it was pointed out to the author that this was rather grandiloquent. In any case, the book discusses certain topics in the interface between classical and quantum mechanics. Mathematically, one looks for similarities between Poisson algebras and symplectic geometry on the classical side, and operator algebras and Hilbert spaces on the quantum side. Physically, one tries to understand how a given quan- tum system is related to its alleged classical counterpart (the classical limit), and vice versa (quantization). This monograph draws on two traditions: The algebraic formulation of quan- tum mechanics and quantum field theory, and the geometric theory of classical mechanics. Since the former includes the geometry of state spaces, and even at the operator-algebraic level more and more submerges itself into noncommutative geometry, while the latter is formally part of the theory of Poisson algebras, one should take the words "e;algebraic"e; and "e;geometric"e; with a grain of salt! There are three central themes. The first is the relation between constructions involving observables on one side, and pure states on the other. Thus the reader will find a unified treatment of certain aspects of the theory of Poisson algebras, oper- ator algebras, and their state spaces, which is based on this relationship.

There are two approaches in the study of differential equations of field theory. The first, finding closed-form solutions, works only for a narrow category of problems. Written by a well-known active researcher, this book focuses on the second, which is to investigate solutions using tools from modern nonlinear analysis.