Bücher der Reihe Springer Protocols Handbooks

Presents time-saving microwave techniques for processing biological samples for evaluation by different microscopic methods. This work provides reproducible protocols including both classic methods and techniques such as in vivo labeling, formalin fixation of fresh tissue, vacuum processing, and processing for scanning electron microscopy.

This volume focuses upon pollen cryopreservation in various crops from the most widely cultivated tomato to the lesser known medicinal species like Decalepis arayalpatra. Chapters detail standard techniques such as pollen collection, cryopreservation, pollen , germination tests for viability, and specific crops. Step-by-step protocols are complemented by personal notes, precautions, and specifying the reagents to be used in each step to ensure the repeatability of the procedure across labs. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Pollen Cryopreservation Protocols aims to serve as reference for researchers studying plant breeding and plant conservation biology.

This Volume features protocols for investigating the hydrocarbon- and lipid-specific activities of microbes. They include methods for studying chemotaxis, the colonisation of hydrocarbon surfaces, hydrocarbon uptake, respiration, nitrogen fixation, sulphate reduction, membrane stabilisation through cis-trans isomerisation of membrane fatty acids, and the production of biosurfactants and biopolymers in response to the presence of hydrocarbons. A protocol for studying the ability of microbes to control the concentration of hydrocarbons in their aqueous environment is also described, and phenotyping methods to reveal microbes¿ more general metabolic activities are presented. Several protocols for investigating acid production in connection with oil souring and biocorrosion by microbes in oil well, oil transportation and storage settings are presented. Lastly, protocols for measuring methanogenesis, as an example of microbial hydrocarbon production, are described.

This Volume provides protocols for the biochemical analysis of hydrocarbon- and lipid-relevant products, cell components and activities of microbes that interact with hydrophobic compounds.

This Volume presents key microscopy and imaging methods for revealing the structure and ultrastructure of environmental and experimental samples, of microbial communities and cultures, and of individual cells.

This Volume presents relevant single-cell and single-molecule approaches in the study of microbes producing and utilizing hydrocarbons and lipids. While generically applicable for all microorganisms, the approaches described are, wherever possible, adapted to the field of study of hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology. The methods include basic procedures for isolating single cells by means of microfluidics and flow cytometry, and their cultivation in arrays as pure clones; for isolating, amplifying and sequencing single-cell genomes and transcriptomes; and for analysing single-cell metabolomes by means of Raman spectroscopy. Single-molecule approaches include the use of protein:fluorescent dye fusions for protein localization and methods for the production of cell division protostructures and lipid monolayers. Methods for the functional analysis of single cells include detection of metabolically active (protein-synthesizing) cells in environmental samples by bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging, Raman spectroscopy combined with stable isotope labelling and fluorescent in situ hybridisation, and visualization of single cells participating in gene transfer activity. Lastly, protocols are presented for single-cell biotechnological applications, including biofuel production.Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology ProtocolsThere are tens of thousands of structurally different hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives and lipids, and a wide array of these molecules are required for cells to function. The global hydrocarbon cycle, which is largely driven by microorganisms, has a major impact on our environment and climate. Microbes are responsible for cleaning up the environmental pollution caused by the exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and will also be pivotal in reducing our reliance on fossil fuels by providing biofuels, plastics and industrial chemicals. Gaining an understanding of the relevant functions of the wide range of microbes that produce, consume and modify hydrocarbons and related compounds will be key to responding to these challenges. This comprehensive collection of current and emerging protocols will facilitate acquisition of this understanding and exploitation of useful activities of such microbes.

It explores conventional immunohistochemistry, virus neutralization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, expression and purification of recombinant viral proteins, and various molecular assays, including conventional and real-time reverse transcription-PCR, reverse genetics methodology, and next generation sequencing and sequence analyses.

The aim of this book is to improve pyrosequencing protocols as well as instrumentation for better clinical use by describing improvements and novel applications of pyrosequencing technology.

Sample Preparation Techniques for Soil, Plant, and Animal Samples

This Volume describes methods for cultivating hydrocarbon-producing and -consuming microbes, covering compounds in a range of states ¿ gaseous (e.g. methane), liquid (e.g. alkanes of intermediate molecular weight) and solid (e.g. many PAHs and asphaltene). It also examines the cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic hydrocarbon degraders using a range of electron acceptors (e.g. oxygen, nitrate, sulphate, metals, (per)chlorate), and a separate chapter is devoted to explaining the cultivation of methanogens. Special attention is given to: high-throughput cultivation, growing microbes as biofilms, and cultivating fastidious microbes, as well as the preservation of microbial pure cultures and consortia. Accordingly, this Volume will be of value to anyone embarking on the selective enrichment and cultivation of novel microorganisms.Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology ProtocolsThere are tens of thousands of structurally different hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives and lipids, and a wide array of these molecules are required for cells to function. The global hydrocarbon cycle, which is largely driven by microorganisms, has a major impact on our environment and climate. Microbes are responsible for cleaning up the environmental pollution caused by the exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and will also be pivotal in reducing our reliance on fossil fuels by providing biofuels, plastics and industrial chemicals. Gaining an understanding of the relevant functions of the wide range of microbes that produce, consume and modify hydrocarbons and related compounds will be key to responding to these challenges. This comprehensive collection of current and emerging protocols will facilitate acquisition of this understanding and exploitation of useful activities of such microbes.

The successful previous volume on this topic provided a detailed benchwork manual for the most commonly used animal models of acute neurological injuries including cerebral ischemia, hemorrhage, vasospasm, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries.

Current Laboratory Methods in Neuroscience Research is a research manual for both students and seasoned researchers.

This Springer Protocols manual is a practical guide to the application of key molecular biology techniques in microbiological research. Researchers in all areas applying microbial systems, such as in molecular biology, genetics, pathology, and agricultural research will find this work of great value.

Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells presents a comprehensive collection of protocols developed by leading scientists in the field. It contains practical laboratory guidance to promote successful results.

This laboratory manual, published in cooperation with the International Society for Transgenic Technology (ISTT), provides almost all current methods that can be applied to the creation and analysis of genetically modified animals.

Since the conception of this acclaimed series of volumes examining neural tissue culture, the expansion of neuroscience has continued to produce vital discoveries that utilize tissue culture methodologies.

This book describes not only the conventional patch clamp techniques but also their newly developed variations or applications, such as perforated patch, slice patch, blind patch, in vivo patch, imaging patch, smart patch, and automated patch clamping.

The third edition of The Protein Protocols Handbook introduces 57 critically important new chapters, and significantly updates the previous edition's tried-and-trusted methods. The book offers over 200 key, readily reproducible protocols that ensure results.

This book provides practical information on a whole set of protein experiments for advanced structural biology, such as X-ray crystallography, NMR, electron microscopy, advanced mass spectroscopy, and surface plasmon resonance, as well as a wide variety of expression systems including eukaryotic and in vitro expression.

This book reviews technologies for studying organisms in situ, detailing the use of ecogenomic sensors in the ocean for monitoring of pathogens and biotoxins; documenting species diversity, evolution and function; studying aquatic organisms and more.

This Volume covers protocols for in-silico approaches to hydrocarbon microbiology, including the selection and use of appropriate statistical tools for experimental design replication, data analysis, and computer-assisted approaches to data storage, management and utilisation. The application of algorithms to analyse the composition and function of microbial communities is presented, as are prediction tools for biodegradation and protein interactions. The basics of a major open-source programming language, Python, are explained. Protocols for calculating reaction kinetics and thermodynamics are presented, and modelling the environmental fate of hydrocarbons during bioremediation is explained. With the exception of molecular biology studies of molecular interactions, the use of statistics is absolutely essential for both experimental design and data analysis in microbiological research, and indeed in the biomedical sciences in general. Moreover, studies of highly varying systems call for the modelling and/or application of theoretical frameworks. Thus, while two protocols in this Volume are specific to hydrocarbon microbiology, the others are generic, and as such will be of use to researchers investigating a broad range of topics in microbiology and the biomedical sciences in general.Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology ProtocolsThere are tens of thousands of structurally different hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives and lipids, and a wide array of these molecules are required for cells to function. The global hydrocarbon cycle, which is largely driven by microorganisms, has a major impact on our environment and climate. Microbes are responsible for cleaning up the environmental pollution caused by the exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and will also be pivotal in reducing our reliance on fossil fuels by providing biofuels, plastics and industrial chemicals. Gaining an understanding of the relevant functions of the wide range of microbes that produce, consume and modify hydrocarbons and related compounds will be key to responding to these challenges. This comprehensive collection of current and emerging protocols will facilitate acquisition of this understanding and exploitation of useful activities of such microbes.

Methods and Techniques in Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology introduces the basic techniques and methods traditionally used in ethnobiology and ethnoecology.

Methods and Techniques in Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology introduces the basic techniques and methods traditionally used in ethnobiology and ethnoecology.

Current Laboratory Methods in Neuroscience Research is a research manual for both students and seasoned researchers.

There are also readily reproducible methods for protein expression profiling, identifying protein-protein interactions, and protein chip technology, as well as a range of newly developed methodologies for determining the structure and function of a protein.

Recent advances in the biosciences have led to a range of powerful new technologies, particularly nucleic acid, protein and cell-based methodologies. Written by a well-established panel of research scientists, the book provides an up-to-date collection of methods used regularly in the authors' own research programs.

Antibodies are indispensable tools for research, diagnosis, and therapy. Recombinant approaches allow the modification and improvement of nearly all antibody properties, such as affinity, valency, specificity, stability, serum half-life, effector functions, and immunogenicity.

Since the successes in a laboratory setting do not guarantee plant survival and propagation in greenhouses and in the natural environment, it discusses greenhouse propagation techniques that are essential to the survival of plants generated from a laboratory setting.

Since the successes in a laboratory setting do not guarantee plant survival and propagation in greenhouses and in the natural environment, it discusses greenhouse propagation techniques that are essential to the survival of plants generated from a laboratory setting.

John Walker and Ralph Rapley have collected a wide-ranging group of molecular and biochemical techniques that are the most frequently used in medical and clinical research, especially diagnostics.