Bücher der Reihe Springer Series in Social Psychology

Despite the central place that the study of attitudes has long held in social psycho logical research, the last decade or so has been relatively quiet as far as the de velopment of attitude theory has been concerned.

The study of stereotyping and prejudice is a study of human nature, group mem bership, and intergroup relationships.

Intuitive Judgments of Change represents the first systematic attempt to understand how people perceive change. The author develops an hypothesis together with supporting evidence which suggests that change judgments are unique, ubiquitious, and pose no particular problem for people's cognitive apparatus.

This book summarizes theoretical and empirical work that was performed in a large-scale, cross-university research project on the relationship between attitudes and behavior. Rather, we emphasize cognitive processes and structures that predispose a person's behavior, that accompany behavior, or that change as a result of prior behavior.

"Individuals who live in groups hold common beliefs which define their reality, not only as persons, but also as group members.

"Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990"--title page verso.

I discuss background research and theoretical approaches in the first half of the book, beginning with research concerned with the psychological effects of unemployment during the Great Depression and continuing through to a dis cussion of more recent contributions.

The study of groups certainly deserves a central role in these disciplines since much of our behavior occurs in groups and many important social phenomena involve groups.

My interest in nonverbal behavior has remained constant for over 15 years. Other works, such as Siegman and Feldstein's (1978) edited Nonverbal Behavior and Commu nication, and Harper, Wiens, and Matarazzo's (1978) Nonverbal Communication: The State of the Art, have provided excellent reviews of the research on nonverbal behavior.

I was in the first grade, I believe, when the ideas that eventually developed into this social psychology of creativity first began to germinate. As a result, the social psychology of creativity presented in this book gives prominence to social variables that affect motivational orientation.

Sports Violence is perhaps the first collection of scholarly theory and research to examine in detail aggression within and surrounding sports. Dunning and Liischen, both sociologists of sport, examine the origins, structure, and functions of violence, of sports, and of their interconnections.

Person perception is of great importance in everyday life and human science. The field of per son perception deals with questions of how impression formation proceeds, what characteristics and intentions are attributed to other people, and how preformed schemata and stereotypes influence people's first impressions.

Approaches as different as S-O-R behaviorism,social learning theory, consistency theories,and expectancy value theories of motivation and decision making have one thing in common: they all assume that "thought (or any other type of cognition) can move any thing," that there is a direct path from cognition to behavior.

When it came his tum to contribute to the discussion, one student brought up an enigmatic journal he had seen in the library stacks: the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology.

Psychology has worked hard to explore the inner self. More recently, psychology has turned some of its attention to the outer self, that is, the self that is seen and known by other people. But how is the outer self related to the inner self? The easy answer is that the outer self is mostly the same as the inner self.

We enjoyed arguing with each other at our initial meeting in 1973 and have sub sequently become best friends, but neither of us suspected at the time that we would or could actively maintain a research collaboration over the next decade, or that we would now find ourselves in a position to write this monograph.

The obsession with conspiracy has spread to such an extent that it continuously crops up at all levels of society. The fol lowing paradox must be striking to anyone: In the past, society was governed by a small number of men, at times by one individual, who, within traditional limits, imposed his will on the multitude.

If we have not learned it before, we are reminded by Soviet scholars that social psychological events must, for meaningful interpretation, be examined in their temporaVsocial context. To the extent that publication of a book on Soviet social psychology can be looked upon as an event, such an examination must be ventured here.

Research on the interactions of social psychological and physiological processes has become a major focus of interest among psychologists in the past two decades.

The study of nonverbal behavior has substantially grown in importance in social psychology during the past twenty years. Other lines of research, in contrast to evolutionary-based models, have focused on the importance of human developmental and social contexts in determining behaviors associated with power and dominance.

It is the outcome of a process that begins with an event having negative consequences, involves judgments about causality, personal responsibility, and possible mitigation.

This volume grew out of a discussion between the editors at the Society for Experimental Social Psychology meeting in Nashville in 1981. This tradition presumed that there were "brute facts" to be discovered about human interaction, with little consideration of the social processes through which "factuality" is established.

Most of our interactions with others occur within the framework of recurring social situations, and the language choices we make are intimately tied to situational features.

It was just over 12 years ago that we first sat down together to talk about psychological traps.

Several years ago, two of my colleagues and I had the opportunity to interview Fritz Heider-perhaps the most influential theorist in the field of social psychology (Harvey, Ickes, & Kidd, 1976).

For a long time I have had the gnawing desire to convey the broad motivational sig nificance of the attributional conception that I have espoused and to present fully the argument that this framework has earned a rightful place alongside other leading theories of motivation.

We, on the other hand, are convinced that social psychology is, after all, a social science and that a study based on orthodox theories is still eminently significant.

This work has the aim of making facet theory, and the approach to research which derives from it, more accessible to behavioral and social scientists than has been possible in the past.