Bücher der Reihe SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology

The Variable-Order Fractional Calculus of Variations is devoted to the study of fractional operators with variable order and, in particular, variational problems involving variable-order operators.

This book covers the theory and implementation of reverse electrodialysis, which uses ion exchange membranes to selectively deliver cations or anions, and its advantages over other methods, such as high reliability without any moving parts, the direct energy conversion process from chemical energy to electrical energy, and its low fouling rate.

This book presents the state of the art of two areas: intelligent residential buildings and the behaviour of their occupants. These areas need to be treated together in order to develop new concepts for buildings, which are more efficient, more comfortable and more healthy. The concept of intelligent building is associated with the creation of a management system that takes into account the requirements of the occupants in terms of thermal comfort and their daily activities, maintaining good indoor air quality and minimizing energy consumption. In commercial or office buildings, these systems are already at an intermediate stage of implementation. However, in the residential sector they have yet to be significantly implemented. In mild climates, where the interactions of the occupants with the building mechanisms are the primary way to ensure adequate comfort and ventilation, the importance of occupant behaviour studies and their incorporation in the algorithms of the intelligent buildings becomes even more crucial.This book offers new concepts on how to bring these aspects together.

This book introduces the ultimate performance analysis tool (uPATO) as a new software to compute social network metrics in the scope of team sports analysis.

This book presents a three-dimensional model of the complete unicycle-unicyclist system. This book is devoted to the problem of modeling and controlling a 3D dynamical system consisting of a single-wheeled vehicle, namely a unicycle and the cyclist (unicyclist) riding it.

This book discusses the maintenance aspect of rotating machines, which it addresses through a collection of contributions. Sharing the "hands-on" views of experienced engineers on the aspect of maintenance for rotating machines, it offers a valuable reference guide for practicing engineers in the related industries, providing them a glimpse of some of the most common problems associated with rotating machines and equipment in the field, and helping them achieve maximum performance efficiency and high machine availability.

The essence of natural computing is aesthetics; Because touch perception is instinctively related to a sense of beauty, the aesthetics of tactile sense are considered as algorithms by using the Tactile Score, which encodes tactile sensation.

This book describes advanced studies in cell-free synthetic biology, an emerging biotechnology that focuses on cell-free protein synthesis and cell-free systems for fundamental and industrial research in areas such as genetic circuit design, small-molecule synthesis, complicated-macromolecule synthesis, unnatural-macromolecule synthesis, high-throughput screening, artificial cells, and biomaterials. Cell-free synthetic biology is now an integral part of developing fields like nanotechnology, materials science, and personalized medicine. The book discusses the main research directions in the development of cell-free systems, as well as a number of applications of cell-free synthetic biology, ranging from structural biology to the human health industry. It is intended for students and researchers in life sciences, synthetic biology, bioengineering, and chemical engineering.

This SpringerBrief presents a recent advancement in modeling and measurement of the effect of surface wettability on the defrost process. Carefully controlled laboratory measurements of the defrosting of cooled surfaces are used to reveal the effect of surface wetting properties on the extent and speed of frost removal by melting or slumping.

The book serves as a unique integrated platform, which not only describes the design methodology of electro-hydraulic actuation systems but also provides insights into the design of the servo valve, which is the most important component in the system.

This book presents the fundamentals of the thermoelectrical effect in silicon carbide (SiC), including the thermoresistive, thermoelectric, thermocapacitive and thermoelectronic effects.

This brief highlights the association of different performance variables that influences archery performance and the employment of different machine learning algorithms in the identification of potential archers. This book is valuable for coaches and managers in identifying potential archers during talent identification programs.

The book focuses on Doped-Ceria Electrolytes, presenting an engineered production process of GDC/SDC electrolytes by using a combination of wet chemical synthesis and/or alternative sintering techniques, capable of enhancing electrolytes microstructural features and electrical properties at reduced temperature and time.

This book highlights new methods, algorithms and software for the digital processing and recovery of signals. It provides examples of how the proposed methods can be applied in specific cases, together with signal processing software examples in the MATLAB environment, and models of special processes in the Simulink environment.

This book is to presents and evaluates a way of modelling and optimizing nonlinear RFID Network Planning (RNP) problems using artificial intelligence techniques. It uses Artificial Neural Network models (ANN) to bind together the computational artificial intelligence algorithm with knowledge representation an efficient artificial intelligence paradigm to model and optimize RFID networks.This effort leads to proposing a novel artificial intelligence algorithm which has been named hybrid artificial intelligence optimization technique to perform optimization of RNP as a hard learning problem. This hybrid optimization technique consists of two different optimization phases. First phase is optimizing RNP by Redundant Antenna Elimination (RAE) algorithm and the second phase which completes RNP optimization process is Ring Probabilistic Logic Neural Networks (RPLNN).The hybrid paradigm is explored using a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) and the results are compared with well-known evolutionary optimization technique namely Genetic Algorithm (GA) to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed architecture successfully.

This book highlights routing protocols for wireless mesh networks (WMNs; Wireless mesh networks have become a hot topic for researcher into the deployment of wireless networks, and they represents the connectivity of mesh networking in IEEE 802.11 amendment in static and ad-hoc networks.

This book presents recent research in the field of nonconventional and renewable energy, and energy efficiency in the context of thermal power.

Drawing on 15 years of experience in the development and use of wearable sensors in sports science, this book bridges the gap between technical research and the widespread adoption of inertial sensors in biomechanical assessment and ambulatory studies of locomotion.

This book discusses the main mechanical features of masonry buildings and the peculiarities that affect their structural behaviour. It also examines technical information regarding accidents that have occurred in recent years in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, along with the historical records of these events, followed by indications of the causes for the collapse.The book offers extensive experimental results that make it possible to identify the contribution of several mortar rendering layers to the load capacity of the tested specimens. Lastly, it explores the factors that influenced the load capacity of the tested specimens.

This book presents the current situation in measurement and analysis of vibrations in production systems with the usage of water jet technology, focusing on sieve analysis and its principle of functioning. The data collection and frequency spectrum analysis presented form the basis for further research in this area.

This short book provides an update on various methods for incorporating phase changing materials (PCMs) into building structures. It discusses previous research into optimizing the integration of PCMs into surrounding walls (gypsum board and interior plaster products), trombe walls, ceramic floor tiles, concrete elements (walls and pavements), windows, concrete and brick masonry, underfloor heating, ceilings, thermal insulation and furniture an indoor appliances.Based on the phase change state, PCMs fall into three groups: solid-solid PCMs, solid-liquid PCMs and liquid-gas PCMs. Of these the solid-liquid PCMs, which include organic PCMs, inorganic PCMs and eutectics, are suitable for thermal energy storage.The process of selecting an appropriate PCM is extremely complex, but crucial for thermal energy storage. The potential PCM should have a suitable melting temperature, and the desirable heat of fusion and thermal conductivity specified by the practical application. Thus, the methods of measuring the thermal properties of PCMs are key.With suitable PCMs and the correct incorporation method, latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) can be economically efficient for heating and cooling buildings. However, several problems need to be tackled before LHTES can reliably and practically be applied.

This book presents a contrastive linguistics study of Arabic and English for the dual purposes of improved language teaching and speech processing of Arabic via spectral analysis and neural networks. The main focus of the present study is to treat the Arabic minimal syllable automatically to facilitate automatic speech processing in Arabic.

This book reviews the application of semiconductor nanocrystals also known as colloidal quantum dots (QDs) to LED lighting for indoors and outdoors as well as LED backlighting in displays, summarizing the color science of QDs for lighting and displays and presenting recent developments in QD-integrated LEDs and display research.

This report describes recent trouble-shooting results in aircraft engineering concerning a self-induced fault mechanism of a hydraulic servo-valve. It presents a possible root cause for past aircraft accidents and as such helps to avoid such malfunction and its fatal consequences in the future.

This book investigates cluster-life-cycle (CLC) analysis to inform the entrepreneurial discovery process (EDP), in order to support the effectiveness of the smart specialization strategy (S3).

This book presents some of the recent hybrid micro-machining processes used to manufacture miniaturized products with micro level precision.

This book explores the fundamentals of the elastic behaviour of erected precast segmental box girders (SBG) when subjected to static load, as well as the construction process (casting and erection work) involved.

This book provides a concise introduction to the behavior of mechanical structures and testing their stochastic stability under the influence of noise. It explains the physical effects of noise and in particular the concept of Gaussian white noise.

The book demonstrates that reconfiguring a single-layer CNN is an easier and more flexible solution than the procedure required in a multilayer CNN, in which excitatory and inhibitory neurons are separate, and that the key CNN criteria of a spatially invariant template and local coupling are fulfilled.

This book showcases the fascinating but problematic relationship between human intelligence and artificial intelligence: AI is often discussed in the media, as if bodiless intelligence could exist, without a consciousness, without an unconscious, without thoughts.