Bücher der Reihe SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences

In this book, readers will gain a deep understanding of the distinct characteristics and intricate formation mechanisms behind each type of diamond.A standout feature of this book is its in-depth exploration of nanodiamonds, shedding light on their unique formation processes. The narrative is thoughtfully organized, covering four main categories of natural diamonds and their related formation processes: 1)Interstellar nanodiamond particles; 2) Nano- and microcrustal diamonds associated with coals, sediments, and metamorphic rocks; 3) Nanodiamonds and microdiamonds associated with secondary alterations of mafic and ultramafic rocks mainly in the oceanic lithosphere; 4) Mantle-derived diamonds associated with kimberlites and their xenoliths, such as peridotites and eclogites.With clarity and precision, this book caters to both researchers and students in the fields of mineralogy and mineral formation. This book serves as an invaluable resource, offering an all-encompassing perspective on diamond formation, appealing to those curious minds eager to delve into the captivating realm of these precious gems.

The main focus of this book is to show the challenges specific to shale hydrocarbon recovery and the practices to overcome these challenges. This book starts with an overview to the technological evolution that led to successful production of shale plays, and the implications of the shale being a source rock for its hydrocarbon recovery. The second chapter presents the operations of well drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and monitoring activities. Chapter 3 provides an overview of the available methods for reserve estimation of shale resources followed by comprehensive coverage of decline curve analysis (DCA). In a departure from the mostly empirical rate-time DCA methods covered in Chapter 3, advanced rate-time-pressure analysis ¿ often referred to as rate transient analysis (RTA) - methods are presented in Chapter 4. Chapter 4 ends with discussing the complications of fluid flow in shale reservoirs and the required modeling improvements.

This book provides an in-depth review of heavy metals in corals, describing the sources of heavy metals in the marine environment and their effect on corals. It is designed to serve as a unique reference for upcoming marine researchers and chemists, advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as those interested in marine pollution with respect to heavy metals. The book explains the basics as well as the state-of-the-art regarding heavy metals and corals and is engaging and clearly written and narrated, providing readers with the fundamental tools about the subject matter that they need in their specific fields. It allows readers to understand and appreciate the interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, and the geosphere. Detailed reference is included for the benefit of the reader. The specific objectives of this book are (i) to inform/educate the reader about persistent pollutants such as heavy metals, (ii) to identify sources of heavy metals in the marine environment,(iii) to inform about route of exposure and uptake of the heavy metal pollutants by corals, (iv) to elaborate about the effect of heavy metal pollutants on the coral reef ecosystems, (v) to discuss the ways in which heavy metal regulation occurs in corals, (vi) to impact current knowledge regarding heavy metals in the marine environment, and (vii) to briefly show chemical analysis and instrumentation for analyzing heavy metals.

This book broadens the reader's knowledge base on lithofacies distribution, facies succession and association, and interpretation of paleo-depositional environments using outcrop-based and measured sedimentologic section data integrated with facies and petrographic analyses.

This book discusses methods for measuring the water surface backscattering signature and estimating the near-surface wind vector over water using airborne radars, in addition to their standard application.

This book offers readers a comprehensive introduction to the seismic and geological response characteristics of major tectonic types, typical reservoirs, and typical geological bodies in China, illustrated in diagrams.

This book summarizes the exploration history and provides a framework for assessing the economic potential of the country's minerals by defining minimal deposit parameters for the various commodities present.

After a brief review of global tectonics and the structure of the crust and upper mantle, the basic relations of conductive heat transport and the rock thermal properties are introduced as well as the various methods for measuring thermal conductivity and heat generation due to the decay of radioactive elements.

This book introduces the scientific basis and engineering practice for CO2 storage, covering topics such as storage capacity, trapping mechanisms, CO2 phase behaviour and flow dynamics, engineering and geomechanics of geological storage, injection well design, and geophysical and geochemical monitoring.

This book focuses on the mineral deposits from the mining complex of Kazakhstan, including copper ores from the Nikolayevsky and Shemonaikhinsky open-pit quarries, and from the Kazchrome and Konyrat mines in Balkhash.

This book examines picroilmenites and their ferromagnetic behavior in the kimberlites from the Yakut diamondiferous province.

This book proposes a methodology for the identification of flooding in urban areas, by the denomination of 1) urban hydrographic basin;

This book demystifies that art and science of seismic interpretation for those with and without formal geophysical training. From geologists to managers and investors, The Art and Science of Seismic Interpretation is a guide to what seismic data is, how it is interpreted, and what it can deliver.

With respect to the vital work of maintaining and increasing much needed petroleum reserves within the continental United States, the Southeast is intriguing because it has been under-explored for many years at the expense of far more promising areas such as the Gulf Coast.

This book offers an up-to-date overview of the coal deposits of South Limburg (Netherlands), the Aachen area (Germany), and the Campine area (Belgium).

This book takes an in depth look at a novel methodology for analyzing Global Positioning System (GPS) data to obtain the highest possible resolution surface imaging of tectonic deformation sources without prescribing the nature of either the sources or the subsurface medium.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the nature of manifestation and general aspects of thermal springs of Odisha. As the thermal springs are spectacular sites for tourists this illustrated book can also help tourists, tourist guides and tourism departments.

This book elucidates sedimentation processes at work in the Rupnarayan River, with particular focus on the environment of sediment deposition under a tidal system.

This book describes recent advances in the morphodynamics of mixed sand and gravel Mediterranean coasts, and provides updates and new methods for their study and management.

This book offers an insight into the global occurrence, geomorphology, evolution, weathering and erosion of coastal cliffs and bluffs.

This book presents a new theory of effective stresses in soils, which takes into account the internal stresses caused by the molecular, electrostatic, and structural mechanical forces.

This work reviews the mechanism of rifting with a focus on pre-existing tectonic weaknesses in pre-rift and/or basement rocks, i.e., on tectonic inheritance. The continental rifts that have been analysed are the East African Rift System, the Brazilian Continental Rift Systems and the European Cenozoic Rift System.

This book explains the causes, mechanisms and dimension of sedimentation in theRupnarayan River, which offers a representative example of a tidal river combining fluvial and marine processes.

The SpringerBriefs on Atmospheric and Space Sciences in two volumes presents a concise and interdisciplinary introduction to the basic theory, observation & modeling of atmospheric and ionospheric coupling processes on Earth.

This book describes the methods and numerical approaches for data assimilation in geodynamical models and presents several applications of the described methodology in relevant case studies.

The first chapter gives a wide overview of the data assimilation steps starting from Gauss' first methods to the most recent as those developed under the Monte Carlo methods. The third chapter deals with the classical Kalman filter, while the fourth chapter deals with the advanced methods based on recursive Bayesian Estimation.

The aim of this research is to supplement current earthquake loss estimation with fatality rates (percentage of occupants killed) for use in models which are based on recent empirical information on deaths from earthquakes.