Bücher der Reihe Trends in Abstract and Applied Analysis

Variational methods and their generalizations have been verified to be useful tools in proving the existence of solutions to a variety of boundary value problems for ordinary, impulsive, and partial differential equations as well as for difference equations.

This book is devoted to the study of boundary value problems for nonlinear ordinary differential equations and focuses on questions related to the study of nonlinear interpolation.

Variational methods are very powerful techniques in nonlinear analysis and are extensively used in many disciplines of pure and applied mathematics (including ordinary and partial differential equations, mathematical physics, gauge theory, and geometrical analysis).In our first chapter, we gather the basic notions and fundamental theorems that will be applied throughout the chapters. While many of these items are easily available in the literature, we gather them here both for the convenience of the reader and for the purpose of making this volume somewhat self-contained. Subsequent chapters deal with how variational methods can be used in fourth-order problems, Kirchhoff problems, nonlinear field problems, gradient systems, and variable exponent problems. A very extensive bibliography is also included.

The limit-point/limit-circle problem had its beginnings more than 100 years ago with the publication of Hermann Weyl's classic paper in Mathematische Annalen in 1910 on linear differential equations. This concept was extended to second-order nonlinear equations in the late 1970's and later, to higher order nonlinear equations. This monograph traces the development of what is known as the strong nonlinear limit-point and limit-circle properties of solutions. In addition to bringing together all such results into one place, some new directions that the study has taken as well as some open problems for future research are indicated.

The main objective of this book is to extend the scope of the q-calculus based on the definition of q-derivative [Jackson (1910)] to make it applicable to dense domains.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview on different types of higher order boundary value problems defined on the half-line or on the real line (Sturm-Liouville and Lidstone types, impulsive, functional and problems defined by Hammerstein integral equations). It also includes classical and new methods and techniques to deal with the lack of compactness of the related operators.The reader will find a selection of original and recent results in this field, conditions to obtain solutions with particular qualitative properties, such as homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions and its relation with the solutions of Lidstone problems on all the real line.Each chapter contains applications to real phenomena, to classical equations or problems, with a common denominator: they are defined on unbounded intervals and the existing results in the literature are scarce or proven only numerically in discrete cases.The last part features some higher order functional problems, which generalize the classical two-point or multi-point boundary conditions, to more comprehensive data where an overall behavior of the unknown functions and their derivatives is involved.

Boundary value problems on bounded or unbounded intervals, involving two or more coupled systems of nonlinear differential and integral equations with full nonlinearities, are scarce in the literature. The present work by the authors desires to fill this gap.The systems covered here include differential and integral equations of Hammerstein-type with boundary constraints, on bounded or unbounded intervals. These are presented in several forms and conditions (three points, mixed, with functional dependence, homoclinic and heteroclinic, amongst others). This would be the first time that differential and integral coupled systems are studied systematically.The existence, and in some cases, the localization of the solutions are carried out in Banach space, following several types of arguments and approaches such as Schauder's fixed-point theorem or Guo-Krasnosel'ski¿ fixed-point theorem in cones, allied to Green's function or its estimates, lower and upper solutions, convenient truncatures, the Nagumo condition presented in different forms, the concept of equiconvergence, Carathéodory functions, and sequences. Moreover, the final part in the volume features some techniques on how to relate differential coupled systems to integral ones, which require less regularity.Parallel to the theoretical explanation of this work, there is a range of practical examples and applications involving real phenomena, focusing on physics, mechanics, biology, forestry, and dynamical systems, which researchers and students will find useful.

This book is devoted to the study of existence of solutions or positive solutions for various classes of Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional differential equations, and systems of fractional differential equations subject to nonlocal boundary conditions. The monograph draws together many of the authors' results, that have been obtained and highly cited in the literature in the last four years.In each chapter, various examples are presented which support the main results. The methods used in the proof of these theorems include results from the fixed point theory and fixed point index theory. This volume can serve as a good resource for mathematical and scientific researchers, and for graduate students in mathematics and science interested in the existence of solutions for fractional differential equations and systems.