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The scientific objectives of this research are to study the technological processes during the Middle and initial Upper Pleistocene in the northeastern Iberian Peninsular and southwestern France, and their implications for the behaviour of prehistoric human societies. The research studies of the lithotechnical records of archaeological sites located in different ecosystems (the Corbières Massif, the river basins of Roussillon, the river Ter terrace system, la Selva depression, and lacustrine basin of Banyoles), and their industries found in the sedimentary deposits preserved in caves (G level of the Caune de l'Arago), rock-shelters (lower levels of Mollet I), or in ancient paleosoils (Puig d'Esclats, Casa Nova d'en Feliu and Can Burgés), fluvial flood plains (Domeny Industrial), the deposits dismantled by erosional action on slopes (Costa Roja, Mas d'en Galí and Puig d'en Roca III), and in ancient fossil fluvial terraces/open-air sites (Mas Ferréol, Plane d'en Bourgat and Butte du Four-Llabanère). The results of the lithotechnical analyses allow for the documentation of the differentiated adaptive patterns of mesopleistocene hominids, reflected in the industries' level of technological variability between the geographical areas. The data obtained is assessed within three parameters: the areas where the necessary raw materials for knapping were obtained; the study of the technical production systems characteristic of each regional unit; and the diachronic interval of these settlements obtained both by relative chronology as well as through the application of absolute dating techniques.

In this study the author focuses on trade and markets in New Kingdom, Egypt.

Oribasius of Pergamum (fl. AD 300) was the Emperor Julian's personal physician and author of a considerable canon of medial literature. In this study, the author has collected and presented a bilingual translation of a selection of Oribasius' writing concerning female sexual pathology. In addition the author looks at Oribasius within the broader historical context - from the Corpus Hippocraticum, through Aristotle, to the great Hellenistic doctors Galenus and Soranus Ephesius.

Richard Pococke, Robert Pashley and Thomas Spratt, and their contribution to the island's Bronze Age archaeological heritageThis work focuses on three important British travellers to Crete during the 18th and 19th centuries to establish whether or not they made any significant contribution to the field of research with regard to the archaeological heritage of Bronze Age Crete. It brings these 'lost pioneers' of antiquity to the fore and to recognize their efforts as part of the foundation of the discovery of the island's Bronze Age archaeology prior to the groundbreaking excavations of Sir Arthur Evans. They are Richard Pococke (1704-65), Robert Pashley (1805-59) and Thomas Spratt (1811-88). Having dealt with the terms that these travellers used in describing ancient remains, the work looks briefly at the background to Bronze Age Crete itself. Thereafter the development from antiquarianism into archaeology is followed to establish the motives behind these travellers' wanderings in Crete. Consideration is given to whether any sites they described might have been of the Bronze Age and, in addition, various views of the mythical Labyrinth are looked at in an attempt to compound the theory that there may have been a certain belief in a period prior to the known Classical era (of the 5th century BC Greece). Questions answered include: How do the travellers' 'field surveys' and discoveries compare with what is now known today from excavation? Were some of their references to 'Cyclopean' stonework an identification of Bronze Age architecture? Do they deserve recognition for the identification of a prehistory of Crete? Why are their names missing from so many books on the history of archaeology and the discovery of Cretan archaeology? This work brings together, for the first time, an understanding of the views and comparative discoveries of three 18th and 19th century travellers of the, then, unknown ancient pre-history of Bronze Age Crete.

This book includes papers based on a session presented at the 10th EAA conference in Lyon in 2004.

A biostratinomic study of the cadaver association scattered the Donana Biological Reserve (Huelva, SW Spain) to learn more of the general conservation dynamics and to deduce possible patterns that might be applied to the taphonomic study of archaeological sites. The work presents a methodology to analyse organic deposits in a natural ecosystem, studying formation dynamics of osseous assemblages in both natural and human cultural conditions.

This study considers how the treatment of death in related forms of material culture might have contributed to the definition of elite identity and the constitution of power structures throughout the changes which took place in England c. 1350-1700. The following discussion will also assess the nature of identity and how it is comprehended in past and contemporary theoretical discussion. The formation of medieval and early modern elite identities will be considered with reference to the funerary material culture of a single region, Gloucestershire, focusing intensively upon the iconographical and textual themes presented therein and analysing these within the context of contemporary social and religious change. This evidence will be considered against the ideal of 'dying well' as presented in the Ars Moriendi texts. It is suggested that the ideological potential of this concept was exploited to its fullest potential during the period under study. The idealised pious death provided affluent members of society with a focus for competition, the significance of which can only be fully comprehended if the texts are analysed alongside other forms of material culture.

Beirut, Sidon and Tyre have been occupied by human societies since the third millennium BC. The sites grew up around easily defendable promontories, for Beirut and Sidon, and an offshore island, as in the case of Tyre. All three possessed natural low energy basins that could be exploited as anchorage havens with little or no need for human artificialisation. In spite of their former maritime glories, however, the evolution of these three important Phoenician citystates has remained largely enigmatic. Chapter 1: Although innumerable studies have addressed the various aspects of ancient harbour geoarchaeology, there is no single monograph that treats the subject in its entirety. The aim of this first chapter is therefore to comprehensively review the present literature, and set ancient harbour geoscience within the wider context of Mediterranean coastal archaeology Chapter 2: The most pronounced coastal changes of all three sites have been observed at Tyre and this chapter analyses the role of various natural and anthropogenic forcings to reconstruct the Holocene accretion and progradation of Tyre's 'tombolo', a peculiar sand isthmus linking the former offshore bastion to the continent. Chapter 3: The exact location of Tyre's ancient anchorages has been a source of archaeological speculation since the sixteenth century and this chapter reviews this earlier literature before moving on to precisely relocate the ancient northern harbour, the city's principal transport hub during antiquity, and its phases of evolution. Chapter 4: At Sidon, coastal stratigraphy has been used to reconstruct where, when and how the city's ancient anchorages evolved. During the Bronze Age, the city's southern bay, or 'Crique Ronde'. Chapter 5: At Beirut, redevelopment of the central business district during the 1990s exposed great tracts of the city's archaeology. Often dubbed as the 'largest archaeological dig in the world' the author and his team were called upon to link the historical data with the coastal stratigraphy and reconstruct the ancient harbour's history. Chapter 6 draws together the data from all three sites to propose a general model of Phoenician harbour evolution since the Bronze Age.

This book presents the proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference of the British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology (BABAO) that was held at the University of Reading in 2007.

Proceedings of the XV World Congress, UISPP, Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006. Volume 1. Session WC01.This book includes papers from the session entitled 'Status of Prehistoric Studies in the Twenty First Century in India' presented at the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).

The present volume is the outcome of a session held at the 12th European Archaeological Association conference at Krakow in Poland, in September 2006. The purpose of this volume is to present several studies related to the issues of memory, tradition and identity, and highlight different dimensions. The aim is to offer fresh views with up-to-date approaches on specific examples which follow different theoretical and thematic paths. The papers in this volume are chronologically diverse, covering prehistory, the classical period, the middle ages and as well as modern times, and are presented in this order. Spatially, they are concentrated in the Aegean and Scandinavia, offering different geographical contexts.

The research presented here investigates the evolution of material cultural diversity in the Yasawa Islands in the northwestern corner of the Fijian archipelago. This work builds upon several field seasons of basic research in the Yasawas, as well as other large-scale ceramic analyses in Fiji. This study constructs answers using an explanatory framework explicitly designed to account for the evolution of cultural diversity in prehistory. This explanatory framework combines the effects of cultural transmission, selection and other sorting processes, and innovation. Using this explanatory framework this research attempts to answer the following three questions: 1. What domains of ceramic similarity in the Yasawa Islands can be used to define culturally transmitting populations or lineages; 2. What are the spatial and temporal distributions of transmission lineages defined along different avenues of transmission; and 3. What are the possible explanations for the distribution of these lineages? Chapter 2 examines some of the previous archaeological and other research in Fiji that has attempted to explain or document cultural, biological, and linguistic diversity. Chapter 3 more completely develops the theoretical framework used to explain prehistoric ceramic similarities and difference in terms of transmission lineages. An outline of the natural and cultural history of the Yasawa Islands is presented in Chapter 4. Classifications of ceramic variation and other analyses are presented in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6 cladistic and seriation analyses generate hypotheses for the transmission history of Yasawa Islands populations. Chapter 7 reviews the results of this research in the context of other archaeological work in Fiji. The approach to explaining cultural similarities and differences employed in this research indicates that prehistoric cultural diversity can be examined using cultural transmission, selection, and innovation to produce empirically testable hypotheses regarding the historical relatedness of populations. The further development of this approach by scholars will do much to answer long-standing questions.

The intention of the present study is to determine two key elements: to ascertain the extent of Romanisation in the region of Gloucestershire (south-west England), and to examine the dominating profile of the native élites within this acculturation process. Both the villas and the Romano-Celtic temples provide insight into these elements, but in different sociological spheres. However, if a connection between the two types of structures can be drawn then the possibility for understanding the romanitas of such constructions is improved exponentially. In many ways, both the villas and Romano-Celtic temples epitomise the social dominance of the local aristocracy and their social expression of affiliation with the provincial administration. There are several aspects to be discussed throughout this investigation, but the central focus has been upon the native aristocracy and their response to Rome. This has revealed that the Romanised buildings erected by the native nobility have created an appearance of Romanisation, with little significance for the nature of society in Britain as a whole. To support this hypothesis, it is also helpful to consider the elements of this apparent Romanisation, namely the archaeological evidence for rural Romano-Celtic temples and Romanised villas in Britain. Some examination of the urban centres has been undertaken, but the reason for this is to gain a clear picture of all the social conditions during the occupation. Temples of the Romano-Celtic style were one of the features of the landscape in Britain during the Roman occupation, but it has been argued in this study that the continuation of these temples has produced a false representation of the religion and the Romanisation of the period. This is an attempt, therefore, to determine the extent of the social and religious impact of Rome on the native population, and on those who accepted Roman beliefs.

Selected papers of the 'Ritual Americas' conferences organized by the Société des Américanistes de Belgique in collaboration with the Red Europea de Estudios Amerindios Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium), 2-5 April 2008

This book presents the results of work at Shallale on Mount Carmel, Israel.Chief Field Supervisor: Yigael Ben-EphraimWith contributions by Einat Ambar-Armon, Shua Amorai-Stark, Miriam Avissar, Shimon Avivi, Yigael Ben-Ephraim, Ariel Berman, Leah Di Segni, Michael Dvorachek, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Gusta Lehrer Jacobson, Nili Liphschitz, Henk K. Mienis, Patricia Smith, Varda Sussman and Anna de Vincenz

This book had its origins in a symposium held at the University of Edinburgh from 30 March to 2 April 2000, which was attended by archaeologists with a shared interest in the prehistory of the small but distinctive region of Southeast Europe known as the Iron Gates. In the broad sense the area refers to the section of the Danube valley where the river forms the modern political border between Serbia and Romania, and this definition is adopted for the present volume. First and foremost the volume is intended to illustrate the immense research potential of the Iron Gates region. A second objective is to provide case studies that illustrate the nature of current research and the rich possibilities offered by the growing range of scientific techniques available to archaeologists and their application to existing archaeological collections.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 74This work presents and evaluates internal perspectives on the profile of archaeology in the University of Ghana, Legon, internationally, and nationally, and also its future.

This work studies the enclosed sites of Peeblesshire, Berwickshire and selected sites from E Dumfriesshire, Scotland. This area has seen very little interest in archaeological research in the past. The aim of the study was to examine the later prehistoric enclosed sites and to look at their landscape settings. From this data, possible settlement patterns can be observed, at both regional and local levels, and from these follow observations of enclosed sites together with their immediate terrain and archaeological features nearby, and from these an organised archaeological landscape can be seen, although it is a cumulative rather than a contemporary picture. When viewing the results from this study, a major boundary between two different enclosed site patterns can be detected, one including Berwickshire, Selkirkshire, Peeblesshire and far N - NW part of E Dumfriesshire, and the other one including the rest of E Dumfriesshire. This boundary differs from previously suggested ones and forms a firm basis for further studies on more than one level.

Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of Young Researchers on Cypriot Archaeology, Department of Classics, Trinity College, Dublin, 21-22 October 2005The fifth Postgraduate Cypriot Archaeology (POCA) workshop took place from the 21st to 22nd October 2005, hosted by the Department of Classics, Trinity College Dublin. POCA is a workshop originally designed to provide postgraduate researchers in Cypriotarchaeology with a forum in which to present their work, discuss some central themes of their research, meet people who work in the same area and exchange ideas and information in a friendly and collegial environment.Edited by Giorgos Papantoniou in collaboration with Aoife Fitzgerald and Siobhán Hargis

This work presents the development of a theoretical model of land management (with its resources and inhabitants) for Thinite Egypt (the period when the kings coming from the city of This and buried in Umm el-Qaab cemeteries ruled most of Egypt). This volume is divided into three parts: textual analysis of Thinite inscriptions ; the second part is a synthesis of the data achieved with the former analysis, delineating a historical model of Early Egyptian State. The third part includes an appendix containing 28 tables with a further complete analysis of all the inscriptions in a tabular and really easy-consulting format. Finally there are 33 plates with the figures of almost all the inscription used in the volume.

The purpose of this book is to put the achievements of Agricola's navy, apparently understated by Tacitus, in their true perspective, with the proposition that the Roman fleet reached the furthest limit of the known world, Thule, or Mainland, Shetland, where it located a convenient anchorage, possibly in Lerwick harbour. To support this theory, firstly the identification of Thule as Shetland during the classical period from the time of Pytheas onwards is investigated through collation of geographical sources, secondly the earliest manuscript of Tacitus' Agricola comes under closer scrutiny at the relevant points than ever before, and finally contemporary literature is reassessed to determine the significance of Caledonia and Thule in the Flavian propaganda machine and to suggest the first Roman presence in the Shetland Islands.

This study presents the material assemblage of the Neolithic and Early Helladic strata from the excavations at Ayios Dhimitrios, ancient Triphylia in the SW Peloponnese, Greece. One aim of the work is to determine whether and to what extent the finds from Ayios Dhimitrios can first contribute to the building of the missing chronological and cultural bridges connecting western Peloponnese with other areas where similar cultures are identified, and second, furnish the missing evidence that would enable one to conclude that western Peloponnese was not left outside the cultural evolution of the adjacent northern areas, but was involved in and contributed to this evolution. A further goal is to try to identify which cultural subsystems are reflected in the archaeological assemblages of the various chronological stages represented at Ayios Dhimitrios, and whether or not these subsystems or cultural phenomena, like subsistence economy and technology, are in agreement with the corresponding phenomena observed at other sites, where the same artifacts occur. Chapter two gives a description of the site and a short history of the previous investigations into the prehistory of Triphylia. Chapter three deals with the deposits and the pottery of Period I (LN II) at the site. Chapter three also provides a discussion and catalogue of selected small finds found within the Neolithic deposit. In chapter four an attempt is made to relate Period I of Ayios Dhimitrios to contemporary sites in the Peloponnese, and to fix its position within the Peloponnesian sequence, and the sequence of mainland Greece, the Balkans and the Aegean. Chapter five summarizes the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the site. Chapter six begins with a description of the deposits of Period II (EH) and the architectural remains of both phases of this period. The pottery of both phases is subsequently discussed. Chapter six also deals with tools and implements of Period II. Chapter seven correlates the material assemblage from both phases with material from western Peloponnesian and Ionian Sea sites, and also with sites of the rest of the Peloponnese and beyond. Chapter eight deals with conclusions regarding the dimension of the site, its population and economy, and the settlement patterns of the region. There are appendices from Christina Rushe and Paul Halstead on faunal remains, and one from Antikleia Moudrea-Agrafioti on Neolithic and Early Bronze Age flaked stone industries.

Resultados del proyecto de prospección arqueológica del Alto AsónWith contributions from Emilio Muñoz Fernández, Pedro García Gómez, Victor Crespo, Manuel Moñino Saez and Peter Smith

This research elucidates the character, distribution and extent of the archaeology relating to prehistoric settlement in the study area of south-east Wales, including the south-western part of Herefordshire. This has not only demonstrated the wealth and density of prehistoric activity-archaeology which has been found to exist in the region but it adds greatly to what already had been carried out previously. The sheer quantity of material, artefacts and sites now demonstrates how important this region was in prehistory. The region concerned covers an area of c. 3500sq km. It has been through the analysis of existing settlement sites, their distribution, topographical preferences, aspect and altitude which has enabled the author to locate new sites like those found in the Black Mountains (19 at present) where none existed before. Fieldwork has also demonstrated that the lowlands need to be examined closely as there is a far greater potential for new sites to be found in this landscape as exemplified by the new Rhadyr sites near Usk. A multi-disciplinary approach to all aspects of prehistoric activity in the region has enabled the author to create a new understanding of how the landscape was utilised during the prehistoric periods. The extensive Appendices contain all of the assembled material in a usable format, together with grid references and the location of sources. It is from this material and those mentioned in the text that the distribution maps have been compiled.

This study looks at the settlement site of Arjourne, situated on a low rise overlooking the Orontes River just South of Lake Homs in Syria. This site was first settled in the middle of the 6th millennium BC. The majority of the pottery and stone objects from this period link this site to other 'peripheral Halaf culture' sites, and this consisted of a mix of Levantine and northern Mesopotamian influences. This shows that the settlers at this site may well have come from nearby culturally-related sites, but this cannot be proved. The archaeozoological evidence shows that these settlers must have kept domesticated livestock, and they must also have been farmers judging by the various plant remains, suggesting that they were at least partly sedentary. A number of pits were excavated at this site, and these were generally filled with rubbish from the occupation of the site, but the nature of this rubbish was in horizontal layers, indicating a gradual build up on habitation floors rather than as part of rubbish-filled pits. These are interpreted as the emplacements for small shelters which served only the temporary needs of the seasonal farmers who used this site. This site was therefore very small in terms of population at any one time, although the radiocarbon evidence suggests that each 'pit' could have been in use for up to 200 to 250 years. Judging from the number of pits this means that the settlement could have been inhabited for at least 700 years or more. After abandonment the site was again inhabitedin the 5th millennium BC, and was similar in nature to before, except for a few new pottery types. However, one major difference was the effect of the secondary products revolution, increasing the amount of cattle and sheep, but reducing the amount of goats present at the site, as wool and dairy products became more important. Donkeys and Horses also became more important at this time. Arjourne seems to have been abandoned for several thousand years following this phase, and it may have been used as a burial ground during the 3rd millennium BC. However, the site was not permanently resettled until the 4th or early 3rd century BC, and this was only on a small scale and was not occupied for very long. Much later a Muslim cemetery was placed on the highest part of the site, but this is no longer in use. The evidence from the excavations at Arjourne is presented in this book in fourteen papers, and these are as follows: (1) Synopsis; (2) The environmental setting; (3) The site and its excavation; (4) The resistivity survey; (5) The AMS radiocarbon dates: an analysis and interpretation; (6) The prehistoric pottery; (7) The lithic industries; (8) The groundstone objects; (9) Other prehistoric artefacts; (10) The prehistoric burial; (11) Animal husbandry in the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic at Arjourne: the secondary products revolution revisited; (12) Wild and cultivated food plants and the evidence for crop processing activities; (13) The Persian-Hellenistic occupation; (14) Concluding remarks.With contributions by L. Barnetson, S. Campbell, L. Copeland, † P.G. Dorrell, J.A.J. Gowlett, C. Grigson, J. Hackman, L. Marfoe, V.T. Mathias, A.R. Millard, L. Moffett, P.J. Parr and C.S. Phillips.

This, the eighth volume in the series (Studies in Contemporary and Historical Archaeology), brings together papers from the seventh CHAT Conference (2009), held at Keble College, Oxford on the theme of 'Modern Materials'.

This research is presented in three sections. The first is an historic study about 'cura Tiberis, that sets out to clarify the relationship between magistrature and the floods of the Tiber River, with particular attention to the river's delimitation, and the juridicial powers of the 'curatores'. Included is a study of official subordinates. The second section consists of investigations into the 'senatores' who held the 'cura Tiberis' from its foundation until the 4th century AD. The last section gathers and comments on related inscriptions.

This book contains papers in English and a paper in French.Summaries in English, French, Italian and Arabic.

A study of Late Roman iron artefacts from the north east of the Iberian Peninsula.

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remote Sensing in Archaeology held in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India, 17th-21st August 2009.