Bücher veröffentlicht von BAR Publishing

This volume records contributions made at the Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archæology UK Chapter Meeting at the University of Liverpool, 6th and 7th February2009 (CAA UK 2009).

This study is the result of a long standing interest by the author in the expression of social identities of the past, perhaps more specifically, social identities as translated through gender, and their resulting cultural expressions and material remains. The overarching subject explored is the gender structures prevalent in the Late Iron Age in the county of Vestfold, Norway. The Scandinavian Late Iron Age, popularly known as the Viking Age, is often represented as deeply and inherently male, with male aggressiveness as the ideal presented to the public, leaving little room for alternative gender roles in the popular imagination. Gender is one of the basic structuring principles of most societies, and as a social category it must be understood in order to grasp the cultural complexity of a society. The author will attempts to show that the gender roles of the Viking Age are perhaps often interpreted and represented too simplistically, and that popular stereotypes fail to take into account the complex multitude of categories, variations and negotiations which one ought to expect from the interpretation of gender. The author's basic proposition is that if the gender roles of the Viking Age were more complex than is often believed, this may be reflected in the mortuary landscape and in the choice of location for burials. To approach this subject, the author looks at the relative positioning of female graves in the mortuary landscape of the Viking Age, and focuses on two different sites in the county now known as Vestfold: Oseberg and Kaupang.

Papers from the conference held by The Friends of the Whithorn Trust in Whithorn on September 15th 2007This book includes papers from a 2007 conference marking 21 years of the Friends of Whithorn Trust. Contents: Introduction (Alex Woolf); Archaeology and the dossier of a saint: Whithorn excavations 1984-2001 (Jonathan Wooding); The Latinus stone: Whithorn's earliest Christian monument (Katherine Forsyth); Early Christian cemeteries in southwest Scotland (Dave C. Cowley); Christianity in northern Britain in the late-Roman period (Mike McCarthy); Britain and the continent in the fifth and sixth centuries: the evidence of Ninian (Ian Wood).

This book includes papers from the International Cupule Conference held in Cochabamba, central Bolivia, from 17th to 23rd July 2007.

This book includes papers representing the final synthesis of a conference entitled The International Conference on the Archaeology of the Mareotic Region. Lake Mareotis: Reconstructing the Past hosted by the University of Alexandria, Egypt between 5th and 6th April 2008.

Proceedings of the XV World Congress UISPP (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006)This book includes papers presented at the session (C80) entitled 'Pleistocene Palaeoart of the World'.

Analysis, carried out within a wide chronological framework, of the variability of technological modalities for the lithic industries known from Yemen to date, has allowed a certain 'fine-tuning' in terms of our knowledge of the regional prehistory of Yemen. This research is founded on the definition of the environmental context of the region and the methodologies used for fieldwork and analysis. A focus on the Hadramawt region follows, which is used as a strong model for defining and orienting questionsrelated to the transformations of the role occupied by southwest Arabia throughout prehistory. Starting with the oldest recovered prehistoric lithic artefacts (Acheulian bifaces and Levallois methods) to the youngest (South Arabian microliths), and with an intensive focus on the intermediate Early to Mid- Holocene industries, this work temporally traces a large corpus of prehistoric knapping modalities in Hadramawt and compares these to adjacent regions in Yemen. The temporal and spatial analysis of lithic technologies has enabled for a number of models of prehistoric occupation and dispersal to be proposed for Yemen. At the same time, the discovery and excavation of several stratified prehistoric sites has allowed for a reassessment and restructuring ofthe chronology and terminology used for the region, as well as introducing new research perspectives that have, until now, been undervalued.

With contributions by Jesse Ransley and Julian Whitewright.Maritime archaeological archives within the UK often face an uncertain fate. Some are deposited in public repositories, while others are dispersed, are deteriorating, remain uninterpreted and uncurated, are sold or sometimes abandoned. The net result puts elements of the nationally important cultural heritage resource, which tells the story of human interaction with the sea, out of reach for researchers, educators and the public as a whole. Research to understand the nature and scale of the problems faced by maritime archaeological archives is presented within this volume. Subjects covered include a review of coastal museums and their approach to maritime archaeological archives and presentation of the results of an extensive survey which sought to discover where archives are held, their composition and issues of access ownership and storage. Further in-depth consideration of the maritime archaeological archive backlog within England has identified where incomplete or low levels of analysis and publication are hampering access to past investigations and impacting on the development of the discipline. Maritime archaeological archives provide challenges for museums, archaeological, heritage management and special interest groups involved in their creation and management. The various regulatory regimes and development frameworks impacting their production, curation and deposition are examined and situations where work on sites falls outside of any management processes identified. Issues related to roles and responsibilities for the overseeing of archive flow from seabed to repository are scrutinised along with a range of systemic and practical issues which need to be addressed to ensure a more positive future for these significant archives.

Proceedings of the Third International Congress for Young Egyptologists held in Budapest in September 2009.

This work examines one section of southern Karnak from the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes. Excavations at the site uncovered extensive remains from the late New Kingdom (12th-11th c. BCE), Third Intermediate Period (11th-7th c. BCE), and Late Period occupation of the area (7th-4th c. BCE). The research questions focused on determining the function of this section of the city and the nature of its relationship to the neighbouring Mut temple. A close study of the architectural and ceramic evidence traces the changing roles of the area through time, with special emphasis on a large-scale mud-brick building discovered at the site.

The Manchester Medieval Textiles Project began in 1994, as a collaboration between Elizabeth Coatsworth of Manchester Metropolitan University and Gale Owen-Crocker of the University of Manchester. Both had specialist interests in the literary and material culture of the early medieval period, and both were conscious of a gap in general knowledge of an important and all-pervasive part of that material culture, through the relative inaccessibility of sources of information regarding medieval textiles. The Manchester Medieval Textiles Project developed with two objectives, both attempting to bring the basic materials of the subject to a wider audience. The first is to establish a catalogue of all medieval textiles in the British Isles. This starts from the needs of a seeker after specific textiles, or textile objects, who will also be interested in the context of discovery, and will be accompanied by a glossary of textile terms relevant to the finds. The catalogue will be published in due course on the internet, as a searchable database, the most useful form for those who want to devise their own, new, research questions of this material. The second objective was to produce this annotated bibliography of publications relevant to these textiles. It is intended to show the range of sources available to the historian of material culture, who wishes to consider the evidence from the surviving textiles, and whether specific publications will have the kind of information they seek. Both parts of the Project should enable those interested in this material to see what materials comparative to their object of interest exist throughout the British Isles and Ireland; and the differences between cultural areas should also be more readily apparent.

'The primary purpose of an engraved gem or ring-bezel, cut in intaglio, was to make an impression upon some fictile material…, which would be understood by the owner of the device, and by his associates, as a personal signature.' So began Martin Henig's original BAR Number 8 from 1978, in the British Series of British Archaeological Reports, a catalogue and study of over 1000 Roman engraved gemstones from the British Isles. Nearly 30 years later comes the third edition of this study, the new Preface to which concludes: 'Over the years I have thought more about gems in relation to other arts and have integrated glyptics into my book on The Art of Roman Britain (1995). Several papers I have written recently have attempted to use gems, like sculpture, painting and bronzes to elucidate general artistic problems. This should be obvious but how many art-historians seem to have the inclination to take gems seriously? At least interest in provincial glyptics seems greater today and that gives me grounds for hope. Important studies are being conducted across the Empire ranging from Belgium … and Portugal …, to Turkey … and Israel. It is for each new generation to reassess the evidence, in the case of our subject with the aid of new techniques, of computing on the one hand and scientific analysis of materials and cutting techniques on the other. In addition the fresh eye of youth is always invaluable. Someone else can often see what should have been obvious to one all the time. (Wolfson College, Oxford. Feast of St Frideswide, 2005)'

The four themes of seafaring and voyaging, colonization and abandonment, human ecology, and social interaction are explored in detail in the papers in this volume using data from the Pacific, the Caribbean, the North Sea and the Mediterranean. These papers, both individually and collectively, demonstrate why island archaeology remains a vibrant and relevant part of archaeological discourse. Clearly, islands are neither peripheral nor isolates in the context of their diverse histories, nor are they peripheral in the context of their contribution to archaeological thought.

This book analyses archaeological finds retrieved from the Akko marina and its surroundings. Analysis of structures and installations casts light on the harbour's building and destruction cycles; for example, a 15th century wooden mole has been discovered, indicating previously unknown activity in that period. Hellenistic to late Ottoman period ceramics reveal the city's international connections and commerce. Glass artifacts and raw glass finds shed light on the famous local glass industry. Shipwrecks, anchors, rigging devices and cargoes starting from the Late Bronze Age tell us about shipbuilding and commercial ties. A unique 13th century hoard of gold florins reveals the last days of Crusader Akko as described in historical documents. Fishing gear indicates fishing activity and weapons and ammunitions provide a glimpse of the conflicts and battles in Akko and its role in local and world history. Numismatic, epigraphic, cartographic and photographic evidence of activity from the Hellenistic period onward depicts the harbour and associated facilities, including ancient and modern lighthouses, breakwaters, and other structures.Written by Ehud Galili with contributions by Gerald Finkielsztejn, Zaraza Friedman, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Yaacov Kahanov, Robert Kool, Baruch Rosen, Jacob Sharvit, Na'ama Silberstein, Dov Zviely and a foreword by David Jacoby.

Microlith production is a distinctive and significant stone tool technology. However, inter-regional comparative analyses of microlithic industries are rare, and tend to homogenise these industries by focussing analytical attention on retouched tool typologies alone. This volume provides the first demonstration and exploration of variability in two of the earliest microlithic industries in the world: the Howiesons Poort of southern Africa and the Late Palaeolithic of South Asia. Statistical analyses of the results of detailed attribute analyses reveal previously undocumented variability within and between sites, and over time, demonstrating that microlith production is not a homogenous technology. The results also provide evidence of the independent innovation of microlithic technology in the different regions. The implications of this variability for the long-standing debates concerning modern human behaviour and dispersals are explored. It is this behavioural and technological variability that is key to understanding our species.

Large-scale networks of interaction and exchange have existed on the East African Swahili coast for at least the past two millennia, linking coastal populations with South Asia, the Middle East and the African Interior. The connections coastal inhabitants nurtured along those networks were crucial to the development of Swahili urban society in the early second millennium CE. The archaeological project detailed in this book explores the functioning of Swahili networks by examining their influence in the region around the town of Mikindani in southern Tanzania through a thorough programme of survey and excavations. The Mikindani project is the first of its kind in Tanzania south of Kilwa, and provides an opportunity to investigate Swahili life away from major centres in more modest towns and villages. In so doing, it reveals historical trajectories for coastal communities that rely more heavily on interior than Indian Ocean connections, emphasizing coastal variability, identifying additional paths to socioeconomic success and recognizing that elements thought 'characteristic' of Swahili culture - including participation in trade - were part of social and economic strategies that were adopted, or not, to suit regional circumstances.

This English version of the author's PhD dissertation, revised and updated in the light of the latest research and interpretation, aims to reconstruct the settlement pattern of the area of Aksum between the early 1st millennium BCE and the late 1st millennium CE. It describes the field strategies employed during surveys conducted at Aksum in 2005 and 2006 and the procedures that were adopted for the interpretation and chronological classification of the surface archaeological records. It also provides an updated assessment of the archaeological area of Aksum, including an overview of the taphonomic processes affecting the preservation of archaeological sites, and presents the results of the statistical and spatial analysis undertaken for the reconstruction of the ancient settlement pattern and for the investigation of the ancient dynamics of human-environmental interactions in the area.

Birmingham Archaeology Monograph Series 1This report provides the results of archaeological investigations undertaken by Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit (BUFAU, now Birmingham Archaeology) in advance of a major residential and employment development at Grange Park, Courteenhall, Northamptonshire (NGR SP 760550). The investigations, of an extensive area of Iron Age, Roman and Saxon landscape containing several settlement foci, were undertaken between January and September 1999. The 1999 investigations followed a programme of archaeological evaluation of the 193 hectare site in 1997 and 1998, comprising a desk-based assessment, aerial photographic assessment, extensive fieldwalking, geophysical survey and trial trenching. The site lies at the interface between the higher quality agricultural land and permeable geologies of Upper Nene Valley at Northampton and the boulder clay uplands of the Salcey and Whittlewood Forest areas. From the early prehistoric period onwards the sands and gravels had been favoured for settlement, a situation seen in microcosm at Grange Park, with the claylands probably remaining heavily wooded until they were largely cleared in the Iron Age and Roman periods. The Iron Age settlements at Grange Park may be seen as outliers of the concentration of settlements in the Upper Nene Valley around Hunsbury hillfort. In the Early and Middle Saxon periods the claylands appear to have been largely abandoned for agriculture, with resultant regeneration of woodland, before in the Late Saxon and medieval periods intensive arable exploitation expanded over most of the claylands from nucleated villages generally located on the permeable geologies. Again the site at Grange Park reflects this broader pattern in microcosm, with the whole of the 193 hectare site being brought into ridge-and-furrow cultivation during the medieval period, as evidenced by documentary and cartographic sources, aerial photographs and surviving earthworks.With contributions by Lynne Bevan, Megan Brickley, Marina Ciaraldi, Jane Cowgill, Lucie Dingwall, Chris Gaffney, Rowena Gale, James Greig, Annette Hancocks, Kay Hartley, Rob Ixer, Erica Macey Bracken, Emily Murray, Stephanie Rátkai, Val Rigby, David Smith, Roger Tomlin, Roger White and Steven WillisIllustrations by Mark Breedon, Nigel Dodds, John Halsted, and Bryony Ryder

In the early 16th century Weobley was described as 'a market town in Herefordshire, where is a goodly castell, but somewhat in decay'. Less than a century later, and based on a plan made by Silas Taylor, all that remained of the castle were a few walls, a series of robbed construction trenches and, maybe two substantial timber framed buildings referred to by Taylor as 'dwellings anciently'. As time passed, the history of the castle was lost, albeit temporarily. Between 2001 and 2004, a project to uncover many unsolved questions concerning the origins, use and demise of the castle was undertaken by a multi-disciplinary team led by the editors of this volume. The project, funded by the Local Heritage Initiative and supported by volunteers, undertook a series of non-intrusive investigations as well as detailed studies into the history and development of this once medieval town. Following the results of the surveys, strategic trenching was located in various locations in and around the castle. From this excavation was found an array of objects such as medieval pottery, coinage and metalwork along with significant structures 'including the foundations of a number of medieval buildings'. 'Looking beyond the Castle Walls' provides a detailed account of the methodology of each of the survey and excavation programmes that assisted in the unravelling some of the answers to this most complex of histories.

'Given the competing demands of routine museum life, the tackling of a project in the nature of the present volume is not to be lightly undertaken. Many hours of painstaking transcription are demanded, followed by the incorporation of innumerable revisions and refinements as broad structure, essential detail and shades of nuance all emerge.' Thus begins the second part of editor Arthur MacGregor's publication of the Ashmolean Museum's Manuscript Catalogues of the Early Museum Collections. The Vice-Chancellor's Consolidated Catalogue (1695) includes an introduction and Inventory of the Visitors' catalogues, including The Book of the Vice-Chancellor; The Book of the Dean of Christ Church; The Book of the Principal of Brasenose; The Book of the Regius Professor of Medicine; Book of the Senior Proctor; and The Book of the Junior Proctor. There are also Glossaries of Latin terms used for natural specimens and Brazilian, Mexican, Nahuatl and other American Indian terms used for natural specimens in the catalogues. Indices are provided of English terms, Latin terms, and Brazilian, Mexican, Nahuatl and other American Indian terms.Written by Arthur MacGregor and Moira Hook with John Davies, Stephen Harris, Chris Howgego, Malgosia Nowak-Kemp, Philip Powell and Donald Sykes

This volume explores the possibilities of using coarse stone assemblages from the Northern Isles of Scotland to observe aspects of social change throughout the prehistoric period. It draws together the available data on coarse stone artefacts, much of which is rather disparate, with a view to providing a standard work of reference for use to those excavators in the Northern Isles who, faced with a large coarse stone assemblage, require a description of the types of artefacts which occur as well as background information on their context and chronology. This is in part a synthesis as it combines proposals for standardised definitions of the various artefact types together with a record of occurrence. Of greater interest, however, is the use to which this information can then be put. By comparing the various artefacts with reference to their form, manufacture, use and deposition it is possible to perceive certain aspects of continuity and change within and between assemblages. This variability within the artefactual record is interpreted at a broader organisational level in order to assess the social implications that these patterns may represent. The period under investigation is from the Neolithic to the end of the Iron Age: from the beginning of the fourth millennium cal BC to 800 cal AD. The main part of this work is concerned with the Neolithic and Bronze Age, particularly the transition period between the two as, during this time, the use of stone for tools and other objects was at its peak.

'Opus signinum' is an antique floor-covering technique, especially noted in the Mediterranean area. The technique is based on a waterproof mortar of a mixture of lime, water and tile powder which gives it a reddish colour. This current research focused mainly on the opus signinum process as recorded in the antique literature (especially Vitrivius and Pliny) and then scientific analysis, in order to define the composition of the mortar. Over 100 pavements from Mediterranean countries (5th c BC - 2nd c AD) have been compiled in the catalogue, making it possible to study the ornamental patterns and the various uses the rooms/spaces were put to.

This study focuses on a number of important prehistoric sites in the Mediterranean area. The primary objective is a proposition for a chronology of these sites based on the paleontological remains of the rhinoceros fossil record. The first section of the book presents the sites (mostly from southern France and including the major locations at Vallonnet, la Pineta à Isernia and la Caune de l'Arago) and the detailed paleontological study follows in the second section. The work concludes with a number of Appendices presenting the data records.

The excavation of the Roman villa at Shakenoak Farm, Oxfordshire, was carried out between 1960 and 1976 and the results were published in five volumes between 1968 and 1978. In his Preface, the surviving author A.R. Hands writes: "The three excavators, Conant Brodribb, David Walker and the writer, were equal participants in all aspects of the excavation and publication of the site. As the only survivor of the team, I have a special responsibility in decisions regarding the reprinting of the original reports as a single BAR volume, but after so many years of close friendship and collaboration, I feel able to act on my colleagues' behalf and in accordance with what I am sure would have been their wishes. The deficiencies of the excavation and publication are obvious, and are perhaps to be expected in a work undertaken by amateurs forty years ago. But while many details could profitably be revised, I still consider the broader aspects of the analysis of the site to be tenable today and I am confident that this would be the view of my friends. Consequently, it seems preferable to republish the original reports without amendment or comment, as our considered opinions at the time, without the benefit of hindsight. No new evidence regarding the site has been forthcoming, nor is it likely to do so, virtually all the area within the enclosure having been excavated down to the undisturbed subsoil. The only light, and that an indirect one, subsequently shed on the villa has come from the writer's excavations at the nearby roadside settlement at Wilcote, a site certainly closely associated with Shakenoak (Wilcote I, 1993, BAR 232; II, 1998, BAR 265; III, 2004, BAR 370; IV, in prep.). This volume is presented as a memorial to Conant Brodribb and David Walker".

This study is focused upon Cornwall, England, which has received little theoretical discussion. Attention has been given to barrows since they have been recorded in the greatest detail and form by far the largest number of relatively well-dated ceremonial sites.

with Addenda et Corrigenda to Ludolf Stephani, Die Vasen-Sammlung der Kaiserlichen Ermitage (1869)The Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg has one of the world's great collections of Greek vases. In addition to the numerous vases and fragments found on Russian territory, it includes those found in Italy and acquired directly or purchased from other collectors, most notably the Marquis Campana, Antonio Giuseppe Pizzati and Countess Laval. The history of this part of the Hermitage collection of vases has never before been told in full. Taking Ludolf Stephani's catalogue of 1869, Die Vasensammlung der Kaiserlichen Ermitage, as a starting point and studying a vast body of previously ignored archive documents, the authors (two of them curators of Greek vases in the Hermitage Museum) follow the formation of the collection up to 1869, establishing its sources and identifying a number of previously under-estimated or ignored Russian collectors of antiquities. The Hermitage collection is set not only within the Russian cultural context but within the wider picture of a pan-European interest in antiquities and their display. Since Stephani's catalogue is still the main source for scholars of vases and vase collections, the book includes a valuable list of addenda and corrigenda to the provenances he provides for vases from private collections (those found during excavations on Russian territory are largely correct).

In this work the author analyzes the imported pottery at Tell el -Ghaba (N. Sinai) in its contextual relationship, focusing on the different styles, morphology and pastes, to further conduct a comparative study with pottery coming from other archaeological contexts from settlements in the Delta, North Sinai and the Eastern Mediterranean regions during the Saite period, with the aim of knowing about the interrelations existing between Tell el-Ghaba and the mentioned areas.

This work addresses the question of the Egyptian Hegemony during the 13th century BCE: its nature and its cultural processes, and the analysis of the Egyptian-style pottery in three Canaanite City-States is used to provide the proofs of the Egyptian presence there. The author has chosen the archaeological sites of Hazor, Megiddo and Lachish for a case study. Situated in three different regions of Southern Canaan, these three cities are known to be powerful and rich during the 13th century BCE. The Egyptian pottery of these sites has been identified and classified in a typology with numerous parallels to the Egyptian contemporaneous sites. A fabric analysis has been made from description of a fresh break section taken from each sample studied and, in a few cases completed by a petrographic analysis. All the data are gathered in an electronic database and can be consulted for further studies about this corpus. From the interpretation of the corpus, the author presents a spatial analysis of the Egyptian-Style pottery for each identified building in each site in order to shed light on an Egyptian presence at these cities and to qualify this presence.

Vestland cauldrons, made of copper alloy and with a distinctive concave shape, were used in a Scandinavian context as cinerary urns, and are found in western Norway, as well as in smaller numbers in Sweden with one Danish find. Larger depositions (most usually without a funerary context) are found on the wider continent.

With the editorial collaboration of Barbara Cerasetti.The Archaeological Map of the Murghab Delta Studies and ReportsSeries Editors: Annageldy Gubaev, Gennady A. Koshelenko and Maurizio Tosi.