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The contributions in this book mainly resulted from the symposium, Fitting Rocks, the big Puzzle Revisited, held in 2001 at the XIVth U.I.S.P.P. conference in Liège, Belgium. The symposium brought together a wide variety of researchers who use refitting in one way or another to answer archaeological questions. The aim was to cover both geographical space and a variety of time periods. Lithic refitting has been around for well over a century now. While the mechanics of conjoining artifacts have remained unchanged, despite some recent attempts to automate at least part of the process, the questions that have been addressed with refitting data changed dramatically over time and probably will continue to do so in the future. This volume reflects both well-established uses of refitting as well as some novel approaches.

This monograph presents the results of the first planned archaeological excavations in the important Italo-Greek Abbey of Grottaferrata that was founded near Rome by St. Nilus of Rossano in 1004 over the ruins of a grand Roman villa. The research focuses on the transformation of the settlement and on the social, economic and cultural dynamics from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance and it has revealed the existence of previously unknown Late Antique and Early Medieval sites. Pottery vessels made in Rome and in Southern Italy in the 11th-12th centuries and walls made of Roman spolia belonged to St. Nilus' monastery. The monastery of that time had a church, a dormitory and a sort of borgo with agricultural workers' dwellings, stables and warehouses. Archaeological research has also shed light on the works commissioned by Commendatory Abbots between the 15th and 18th centuries. The important results of this Research Project were also thanks to the possibility of comparing the data of Grottaferrata with those that came from the first archaeological excavations recently undertaken in Italo-Greek monasteries in Southern Italy.

Actes du Colloque International organisé à Lyon les 8 et 9 novembre 2002, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée

This study investigates hunter-gatherer responses to environmental change in south-western Australian forests. The study region is the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Region, extreme south-western Australia. It examines how hunter-gatherers reacted to terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene expansions of Karri (Eucalytpus diversicolor) tall open-forest, a forest type identified as difficult to occupy. The putative hunter-gatherer reaction requires careful assessment because past hunter-gatherers could have continued to occupy forested areas by using many different habitats within forests and controlling the extent of unfavourable habitats by firing. The author assesses the issue by reviewing ecological and archaeological research in south-western and south-eastern Australian forests and analysing archaeological evidence for occupation in various types of forest.

Dynasties 21-24 saw Libyan dominance in Ancient Egypt. This study examines a corpus of funerary stelae produced during this time to determine the effect of this period on the ways in which people projected their identity, particularly in terms of gender and ethnicity.

This work investigates the use of Old Red Sandstone from South Wales, Gloucestershire, Avon and Somerset during the Roman period, for rotary querns. It is based on detailed petrographic studies of these rocks at both microscopic and macroscopic levels to define practical keys which allow types of Old Red Sandstone, and hence artefacts made from it, to be identified and provenanced to their geological formations. 1200 rotary querns of Old Red sandstone from 180 sites were analysed (stretching from southeast Wales in the west, to Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire in the east. It extends as far south as Dorchester (Dorset) and as far north as Coleshill (Warwickshire)). The petrological study also identifies the three major source areas in the Roman period as the Forest of Dean, the Bristol area and the Mendips and investigates the differences in the distribution of finds from each of these sources. A typological study is included, with a detailed description and analysis of the types of ORS querns manufactured, their dating and their distribution. The routes and mechanisms through which the querns were moved are also investigated and the production of ORS querns is also assessed.

Moravia played a very important role in the Palaeolithic migration of ancient Homo sapiens as it made a natural corridor between the south and the north of the central Europe, which allowed for shifting of both humans and animals in times of glaciations;a fact amply evidenced by the dense network of Palaeolithic settlements. This study looks again at the material from Upper Palaeolithic Czech sites using the most recent use-wear techniques, equipment and analysis.

Bioarchaeology and bone chemistry of the Bronze Age Sant'Abbondio cemetery (Pompeii, Italy)Focusing on the Bronze Age Sant'Abbondio Cemetery at Pompeii, the author shows that the use of trace element analysis in a non-paleonutritional approach represents a new, tangible method of investigating the social dynamics of past communities, offering a level of reliability and consistency that is not always to be found in the material culture.

Edited by Sarah M. Nelson, Anatoly P. Derevianko, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin and Richard L. Bland.The archaeology of the Russian Far East is rich in new and sometimes surprising discoveries. Very early pottery dates, in several locations, are perhaps the most important and interesting of these finds. Connections with other parts of the Far East are also established in these new studies. The chapters that follow in this regional synthesis elaborate these themes. Arranged in chronological order and by region, each is written by a specialist who has participated in some or all of the archaeological expeditions reported here. The chapters are replete with archaeological details, allowing the reader to judge the interpretations independently. Illustrations and maps add to the information provided. They show not just the unanticipated richness of the archaeology of the Russian Far East but, more important, the contributions these sites can make to the archaeology of the region and of the world.

This volume completes the presentation of all University College London's Lahun papyri.

Langeland Museum's underwater investigations of the submerged Late Mesolithic Ertebølle settlement Møllegabet I, off the small southern Danish town of Ærøskøbing in 1976, heralded a new era in investigations of the archaeology of the Northern European Stone Age. The submerged Stone Age settlements and graves, which have subsequently been investigated in the Baltic Sea area and in Danish coastal waters, have proved to have excellent conditions for the preservation of structural remains and items of organic material. The latter have contributed much new knowledge concerning the very high level of woodworking expertise and associated decorative traditions, as well as providing important information on the economy and burial sites of the Mesolithic culture.The submerged settlements have also given valuable information about the substantial shifts which occurred between land and sea throughout the Stone Age in Southern Scandinavia and Northern Germany. In a couple of cases it has been possible to find and uncover settlements from a virtually unknown chapter of the Stone Age in Northern Europe, lying at the transition between the Maglemose and Kongemose cultures. The Møllegabet II-settlement was investigated between 1987 and 1993, and with this publication it is the first major submerged Danish Stone Age settlement to be published in detail in monographic form including several scientific contributions. The study area is situated at a depth of almost 5m below sea level and contains, in addition to an extremely well-preserved dwelling site from the Early Ertebølle Culture (c. 5000 BC), a somewhat later burial in a dug-out canoe of a young male.With contributions by Sarah Mason, Lisa Hodgetts, Peter Rowley-Conwy and Annica Cardell

Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop, CNR, Rome, Italy, December 4-7, 2006In 2001, UNESCO and the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the 'Open Initiative on the Use of Space Technologies to Monitor Natural and Cultural Heritage of UNESCO Sites'. The 'Open Initiative' is a framework of cooperation to assist countries to improve the observation, monitoring and management of natural and cultural sites as well as of their surroundings, through space technologies. In this field of operations a group of experts, called International Working Group of Space Technologies for World Heritage, was created under the coordination of UNESCO, the present membership including representatives of CNR-ITABC (Italy), GORS (Syria), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), NASA (US), ETH (Switzerland) and other European research centres and institutions. At the Beijing conference the topics discussed demonstrated clearly that the concept of Remote Sensing was significantly wider than in the past and involved the integration of numerous different technologies and fields of application: photogrammetry, air photography, air-photo mapping, airborne multi-spectral and thermal imagery, satellite imagery, geophysics, GIS but also, laser scanning, visualization displays, space models virtual reality. This conference at Rome in December 2006, building on these ideas, will aim to continue in this direction, promoting the use of integrated methodologies in remote sensing archaeology so as to help in the creation of new and sustainable policies in the monitoring, interpretation, fruition and communication of the cultural heritage. Including 67 papers from 10 sessions: SESSION 1: Satellite Remote Sensing Archaeology; SESSION 2: Aerial Archaeology: vertical ans oblique photography; SESSION 3: Aerial Archaeology: airborne scanning; SESSION 4: Ground-Based RemoteSensing Archaeology; SESSION 5: Integrated Technologies for Remote Sensing in Archaeology; SESSION 6: Interpreting Landscapes and Settlement Pattern Reconstruction; SESSION 7: Environment Analysis for Remote Sensing Archaeology; SESSION 8: 3D Visualization of Place and Landscapes; SESSION 9: Virtual Archaeological Reconstruction; SESSION 10: Landscapes, CRM and Ethics: POSTER SESSIONS.

This book investigates the technological processes involved in the making of ancient vitreous materials concentrating on the site of Amarna, in Middle Egypt. Amarna was the capital city of the 18th Dynasty king, Akhenaten (1352-1336 BC). The manufacture of vitreous materials in Dynastic Egypt reached its zenith in terms of artistic and technical accomplishment in the 18th Dynasty. Amidst the debate over the source of these technological advances, whether some of the vitreous materials were imported or manufactured locally, the entire process of manufacture is examined, from the selection of raw materials, preliminary processing and eventual firing right through to the distribution of the finished objects. Analysis of the finished objects and the waste materials of the production sequence by scanning electron microscope and other techniques forms the principal source of evidence, supported by close examination of the archaeological context. The significance of the different types and colours of glasses is examined and compared to the material from tomb paintings and texts, which sheds light on the relationship between Egpytian glass and Mesopotamian glasses. The overall social and political climate of the city of Amarna and other New Kingdom towns is also considered where this might help our understanding of the conditions of craftsmen in vitreous materials or of the overall control of the industry.

This work address the question of the emergence of social complexity in the Yangshao culture (ca. 4900-3000 BC) in Central China based on analysis of settlement patterns and faunal remains from Lingbao, western Henan. A total of 31 Neolithic sites have been found along two rivers during a regional survey in 1999. Analyses of regional settlement patterns reveal the emergence of social complexity in the middle Yangshao period (ca. 4000-3500 BC), indicated by dramatic population growth, increases in site number and occupation area, and the appearance of settlement hierarchies.

This study is divided into two main parts. Part one presents the ethnoarchaeological study that has been conducted on (late-Sixth to Fifth Millennium BC) pottery production in northern Jordan (the Ajlun Mountain area). It includes the location and environmental setting of the study area, the context of pottery production with reference to potters' socio-economical contexts, and their identity. It also includes the context of pottery production and a description of the technological traditions that have been identified among the potters. Chapters 4 and 5 have been devoted to measuring and explaining the causes of technological similarities as well as differences in the potters' out-put. Part 2 presents the archaeological study. It includes a description of the site of Abu Hamid and its environmental setting. Moreover, it presents the chronology and the sequence of occupation at the site, as well as the spatial and temporal contexts of the sampled pottery sherds. Further, it presents morphological and metric descriptions of the pottery assemblages. Chapters 8 and 9 are devoted to the identification of archaeological pottery forming techniques and the measuring of the technical variations among them. The last chapter presents the explanations of these technical variations.

Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001Art du Paléolithique Supérieur et du Mésolithique/Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Art. Section 8 of the Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001.C 8.1 Art rupestre, métaphysique, idéologie. Iconographie et mythe du Paléolithique à l'époque actuelleCoordinateurs / Coordinators: Marcel Otte, Luis Oosterbeek, Dario Seglie, Laurence Remacle, Valérie BertolloC 8.4 Bilan des arts rupestres en EuropeCoordinateur / Coordinator: Marc Groenen

Until now, no study has been made of the construction techniques of the Nabataean freestanding buildings and the rock-cut monuments of Petra, Jordan (built from the 1st cent. BC to the 2nd cent. AD). The results of this study reveal the sources of the building techniques used at Petra and why they were further developed there.

Dr. Zhushchikovskaya is a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Division, Vladivostok. This is an original work of synthesis, expressly written for an international audience and not previously published in Russian. Before the research of quite recent years, the Incipient Jomon pottery vessels of Japan had clear claim to the distinction of being "first in the world," with an age of about 13,000 radiocarbon years, or close to 15,000 calendar years ago. Now many comparably early dates have appeared in the Russian Far East as well, and impressive though currently less well-documented dates for early pottery are also appearing in China, Korea, and other countries. The present work shows that it may be quite some time now before any question of "first" can be resolved, as continuing discoveries show quite comparably early pottery appearing over an increasingly broad front in eastern Asia. Obviously there were processes at work that were general in scope, and certainly not accidental. Zhushchikovskaya goes to the heart of this matter with her synthesis of the current evidence from the Russian Far East, which pays close attention to the environmental circumstances in which early pottery appears. Equally, she pays close attention to the properties of raw materials and the mechanics of shaping and firing. Ethnographic observations on aboriginal pottery-making and other craft processes contribute importantly as well. Zhushchikovskaya's account of the earliest pottery is only the beginning of her work. In later chapters she goes on to trace the development of the early Russian traditions down through additional millennia of environmental and cultural change to the Iron Age, addressing the relations of pottery-making to socio-economic structures, andthe range of structures reflected in pottery-making itself. Her concluding discussion sums up the implications of particular Russian evidence for understanding the role that the study of pottery-making plays in archaeologists' efforts to trace cultural continuities and discontinuities, periodization, tempo of cultural development, cultural contacts, and migrations. This book will be of interest to a broad cross-section of readers: those interested in the history, technology, and functions of pottery; those who will appreciate the attention it pays to ecology, context and process in the innovation and diversification of traditions; those who seek to expand the utility of pottery as a tool in archaeological synthesis and interpretation; and those who pursue specific interests in the cultural history of eastern Asia. It also offers the international community an interesting window on some of the ways in which Russian archaeologists conceptualize their subject matter.Translated and edited by Richard L. Bland and C. Melvin Aikens

This work has as its main objective to clarify the nature of the early Neolithic period in the Southern Levant, in as much as this represents a key period for the beginning of agrarian societies. This goal is achieved through the analysis of lithics recovered from Zahrat adh-Dhra' 2 (ZAD 2), a site located on the eastern side of the Lisan Peninsular of the Dead Sea, about 1.5 km north of adh-Dhra' village. The importance of ZAD 2 is its short period of occupation, which helps in clarifying the tool typology and technology of the PPNA period without the problem of admixtures from other periods. By combining the analyses of architecture, groundstone, lithics and radiocarbon dates, ZAD 2 provides decisive evidence for an extension of the PPNA in the Southern-Central Levant. In arguing this, sites from the Southern Levant are compared to their counterparts in the Central and Northern Levant and the role of diffusion or local innovation is presented.

This book joins a long series of studies conducted in recent years at the Department for Land of Israel Studies at Bar-Ilan University in the Unit for the History of Medicine in Ancient Times. Since the field of study is extensive, the special focus of this treatise is the study of medicine in Greater Jerusalem, but it may serve as a faithful reflection of the nature of medicine and the changes it underwent throughout Israel and Syria in ancient times. The study is based primarily on historical sources. The first part of the book consists of a short history of medicine in Jerusalem from various historical aspects, followed by an evaluation of the physicians, their status, professional training, etc. The second part presents a list of physicians who were active in Jerusalem between the 10th-18th centuries.

Relations between the separatist regime of Marcus Postumus (in about 260 AD) and the Central Empire have been the subject of academic speculation but notably little direct research. It has been postulated that there was no 'closed border' policy between the two empires, and that the apparent exchange of currency substantiates this view. This volume examines the hypothesis, as well as investigating whether the Central Empire coinage was excluded from circulation within the realms of the Gallic Empire, and, similarly, whether the coinage from the Gallic provinces did not circulate widely outside the areas of their control during the lifetime of the regime. The study is intended as a contribution to the development of a reliable method of translating numismatic data into historical language. The appendices include a concordance of the epigraphic sources, hoard tabulations, and a bibliography of hoards and find sites.

Rural landscapes constitute valuable records of our past, but given the silence of ancient Greek sources on rural life it is the archaeologists who have can provide the missing information. This volume studies the rural landscape of the ancient Greek city-state of Oropos in order to reach an understanding of the various processes that shaped its history. (The Oropia covered an area of roughly 100 sq km in the northeastern corner of modern Attica, some 50 km north of Athens, and included the important sanctuary of the hero Amphiaraos.) The monograph explores all evidence of occupation, from the third millennium to the decline of the famous sanctuary at the time of the expansion of Christianity. The rural history of the ancient Oropia can be viewed as a continuous struggle of a border area to adapt to the changing demands and policies of regional, national, and international powers. The final section of the book includes a detailed catalogue of findspots.Contributions by James Newhard, Nike Sakka and Lawrence Stene.

A collection of papers in honour of Henrietta Quinnell.

Proceedings of the 2nd meeting of the (ICAZ) Worked Bone Research Group Budapest, 31 August - 5 September 199936 papers (each with an additional abstract in French and German) presented at the Proceedings of the Worked Bone research Group, in Budapest, in 1999. Research was carried out on materials from Central and North America to various regions of Europe and Southwest Asia. The contributors represent scientific traditions from Estonia, Hungary, Romania, and Russia, European countries in which, until recently, ideas developed in relative isolation. Other European countries represented include Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, and Switzerland. Last but not least, the North American scholarly approach is also reflected here. Most of the papers include considerations of raw material exploitation, manufacturing and functional analyses, and all make some attempt to consider the social context from which the artifacts emerged.Technical editors: Krisztian Kolozsvari and Katalin Kovago-SzentirmaiInfrastructural support: the staff of the Roman Department of the Aquincum Museum

In 1997 the author excavated a shipwreck in the north-western reaches of the Java Sea, Indonesia. It became known as the Intan Wreck due to its close proximity to the Intan Oil Field. The wreck has been dated early to mid-10th century through Chinese coin dates, stylistic analysis of ceramics, and radiocarbon dating. While the structure of the shipwreck has all but disappeared, enough fragments remained for timber identification and a glimpse at construction techniques. These clues, together with cargo types and wreck location, strongly indicate an Indonesian ship of lashed-lug construction. From cargo distribution the Intan ship may have been as long as 30 m. The abundance of surviving cargo stands in stark contrast to the fragmentary hull remains. A total of 6,154 non-ceramic artefacts and 7,309 ceramic artefacts were logged over the course of the excavation. Materials are as diverse as bronze, lead, silver, iron, tin, gold, glass, ceramic, stone, and organics. Origins are as far afield as China, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Middle East. Such diversity is a clear indication of entrepot trade, the most likely port of lading being the Srivijayan capital, Palembang. Considering the wreck location and the large base metal component, the Intan ship could only have been bound for metal deficient Java.

Edited by: Jeannine Davis-Kimball, Eileen M. Murphy, Ludmila Koryakova and Leonid T. YablonskyThis richly illustrated volume adds immensely to the small but growing corpus of Eurasian Archaeology published in the English language. Comprised of thirty articles, the authors have focused on the Bronze Age, continuing to include the first millennium BC Early Iron Age, with a terminus of c. 500 AD. The geographic range extends from the far western great Hungarian plains, north to Fennoscandia, south to include northern Afghanistan and the Kalmyk steppes, and east to the Altai Mountains in western Mongolia. The arguments presented (drawn in the main from the 1998-99 European Archaeological Association sessions) embrace a wide range of topics including art, culture, textiles, metallurgy, mortuary customs, etc. The authors are as diverse in their origins as their works are in content, penning their research from England, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Russia, Sweden, and the United States. Each article is illustrated with line drawings, plates and photographs.

Kom el-Hisn is located near the western edge of the Nile delta, midway between Cairo and Alexandria, and about 13 km west of the Rosetta branch of the Nile. It is composed of primarily Old Kingdom deposits (Dynasties V and VI, ca. 2500-2290 BC) but the site was also occupied in the Middle and New Kingdom periods. (It has been suggested that some First Intermediate burials are included within the Old Kingdom architecture, and Kom el-Hisn clearly flourished during the height of Old Kingdom power.) After a detailed introduction, the author reviews the development of Egyptian settlement patterns and structures to provide the Old Kingdom context, before continuing to discuss the specific issues relating to the current research and some of the explanations offered by other researchers for the development of Egypt's particular brand of complex society. Chapter four describes the research programme that provided the data on which this study relies, and subsequent headings contain detailed descriptions of the deposits associated with each excavation unit in the analysis. Before the full summary in the ultimate chapter, there are statistical analyses that build the model of functional differentiation found within the excavated areas.

The Montebello Islands are a cluster of small, low relief land masses, comprised of ancient limestone, with skeletal soils, sparse vegetation and shifting sand bodies. They lie some 80 km from the coastline, representing far flung 'high points' on the once extensive arid coastal plains of north-west Australia. Barrow Island lies between the mainland and the islands. More famous as the first nuclear testing site used by the British in the 1950s and the location of the first known shipwreck off the Australian coast, (the Tryal in 1622), the Montebello Islands represent a unique configuration of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. This paper reports on archaeological analysis carried out on assemblages recovered from two stratified cave sites on Campbell Island in the Montebello group in northwest Australia. These sites provide unique insights into human responses to the drowning of the extensive arid plains of north-west Australia following the Last Glacial Maximum. Rich faunal assemblages have been recovered which date to the period 30,000-7000 BP as the local environmental context changed in response to the post-glacial marine transgression. Field surveys and excavations were carried out over two field seasons between 1992-4 and involved a team of archaeologists, field assistants and support crew.Written by Peter Veth, Ken Aplin, Lynley Wallis, Tiina Manne, Tim Pulsford, Elizabeth White and Alan Chappell

This monograph looks at Byzantine art in its widest sense as well as its influence right up to the 20th century. It is well illustrated with a largely descriptive text.