Bücher veröffentlicht von BAR Publishing

This book includes eight papers arising from a colloquium on Warfare and Society in the Ancient Eastern Mediterranean held at the University of Liverpool, 13th June 2008.

This book includes papers from a conference held in Norwich in May 2008 entitled 'Land of the Iceni, the Iron Age of Northern East Anglia'.

Written by Josep Casas & Victòria Soler.Contributions by Lídia Colominas, María Saña and Joan S. Mestres.A report on extensive excavations at the rural complex of Saus (near Girona, eastern Spain), the findings of which attest to a scattered occupation and characterized by a wide range of materials found in a sequence of pits dating from the Early and High Iberian periods. Among the finds were the bases of four oil presses related to the polis of Emporion 10 km away. The information collected allows the tracing of the evolution of the material culture of the region and the highlighting of a practically unknown dimension of rural life from the 6th to 3rd centuries BC.

The objective of this monograph is to describe and explain the meanings underlying some otherwise anomalous archaeological data drawn from the study of Ancient Egypt. An explanation for the phenomena observed has hitherto proved elusive. The data is principally concerned with royal funerary architecture from the Old Kingdom, and the underlying systems of measurement and geometry that were employed therein. As well as providing a description and explanation for the data, this work also has the objective of providing the first synthesis of related cultural information drawn from several different textual and archaeological resources. The general subject matter is pharaonic funerary architecture from Old Kingdom Egypt, and the work focuses specifically on the circular proportions deliberately incorporated into the tomb designs by the architects.

This study concerns Early Bronze Age burials excavated on the mound of Tell Bi'a (northern Syria). Following the introduction, the author discusses the material evidence, the theoretical basis, and the methods used for inferring the structure of a living society from funerary remains. This is followed by an overview of the chronological framework as well as a historical outline of the Syrian Bronze Age in accordance with the current state of epigraphic and archaeological research, and finally by a formulation of the questions raised in this study.

This study takes as its subject matter the use of social space in early medieval Irish houses (c. AD 600-1200), with the evidence from the province of Ulster interrogated in more detail. During this period there is a shift from curvilinear to rectilinear house forms.

The author was inspired to embark on this work by her own sense of Welsh identity and by her surrounding landscape in south-west Ceredigion. In this interdisciplinary research the author defines the historical geography of the commote of Caerwedros by retroactive analysis, relating the area's social topography and structure to the political and economic dynamics of Welsh culture from the later Middle Ages to the 16th century, including its ancient territorial units (tref and rhandir). Part of this is the religious landscape represented by medieval stone churches gracing Ceredigion's coastal rim and the role of important religious houses of founded in the 12th century, especially the Cistercian Abbey of Whitland, whose farms are recorded in charters of the Lord Rhys of Deheubarth. These are mapped within the framework of three granges in the commote. The 15th and 16th centuries saw the emergence of a largely indigenous gentry class as primary controllers of the land and the study tracks the genealogies and family inter-relationships of prominent local families within local community landscapes. Alongside this is an analysis of Welsh place names aimed at increasing our understanding of the social evolution of land ownership and management, within the context of farming communities in the cultural landscape of 16th century south-west Ceredigion.

The present book demonstrates how major advances in the understanding of historic battles can be achieved through the application of the techniques of archaeology alongside those of military history, to exploit these neglected sets of evidence. It also provides examples of how results can be improved through the application of scientific expertise, in fields such as ballistics. It begins with a chronological review of battlefield studies in England, considering the effectiveness of the approaches that have been taken. Building upon this assessment, a detailed methodology is defined which seeks to exploit the full range of evidence that exists for these major historical events. Firstly the techniques for the reconstruction of the historic terrain are described, together with the ways in which the evidence from the primary sources for the battles can be used to place the military events more accurately within this context. As military history and landscape archaeology are well developed areas of research, their methodologies can be applied with little further development. It then shows how the hypotheses developed in such work can be validated and enhanced through analysis of the physical evidence left by the battles themselves. Because battle archaeology has received such limited attention in England there is a detailed discussion of the methodology for systematic survey of battle archaeology using metal detectors. However, given that lead bullets are the main form of archaeological evidence recovered from early modern battles, it is their analysis that forms the centre piece of this study. Finally the effectiveness of the whole methodology is demonstrated through a major new field investigation and documentary study of the terrain, battle archaeology and military history of the battle of Edgehill.

The purpose of this study is to examine the healing strategies employed by the inhabitants of Egypt during the Roman period, from the late first century BC to the fourth century AD, in order to explore how Egyptian, Greek and Roman customs and traditions interacted within the province. Thus this study aims to make an original contribution to the history of medicine, by offering a detailed examination of the healing strategies (of which 'rational' medicine was only one) utilised by the inhabitants of one particular region of the Mediterranean during a key phase in its history, a region, moreover, which by virtue of the survival of papyrological evidence offers a unique opportunity for study. Its interdisciplinary approach, which integrates ancient literary, documentary, archaeological and scientific evidence, presents a new approach to understanding healing strategies in Roman provincial culture. It refines the study of healing within Roman provincial culture, identifies diagnostic features of healing in material culture and offers a more contextualised reading of ancient medical literary and documentary papyri and archaeological evidence. This study differs from previous attempts to examine healing in Roman Egypt in that it tries, as far as possible, to encompass the full spectrum of healing strategies available to the inhabitants of the province. The first part of this study comprises two chapters and focuses on the practitioners of healing strategies, both 'professional' and 'amateur'. Chapter 2 examines those areas of ancient medicine that have traditionally been neglected or summarily dismissed by scholars: 'domestic' and 'folk' medicine with particular emphasis on the extent to which the specific natural environment of any given location affects healing strategies. Chapter Three examines the nature and frequency of eye diseases and injuries suffered by the inhabitants of Roman Egypt. Chapter Four examines the nature and frequency of the fevers suffered by the inhabitants of Roman Egypt, focusing first on the disease malaria, which is attested by papyrological, archaeological and palaeopathological evidence as having been suffered throughout Egypt. Chapter Five examines the dangers that the animal species of Egypt could pose to the inhabitants of the province, focusing particularly upon snakes, scorpions, crocodiles and lions, as attested by papyrological and epigraphic evidence such as private letters, mummy labels and epitaph inscriptions. The concluding chapter underlines the importance for a study of the healing strategies utilised in any province of the Roman Empire (or indeed any region in the ancient world) of taking into account the historical, geographical, cultural and social context of the location in question.

Studies in Early Medicine 1Series Editors: Sally Crawford and Christina Lee

Twenty-two centuries in the history of Parma are reflected in this major excavation report. Between 1988 and 1992, during a re-building phase, archaeological research was carried out in the foundation levels of the Cassa di Risparmio di Parma e Piacenza (C.di R.) Bank in Parma, Emilia-Romagna. The building faces the southern area of Piazza Garibaldi (partly corresponding to the forum of the Roman city), and is set against the south side of St. Peter's church, which is founded on the most important temple of the colony and borders two roads of the colonial urban system - via dell'Università and via Giordano Cavestro. This work presents the archaeological findings.

A collection of papers on the archaeology of water installation from a session presented at the EAA conference in The Hague, September 2010.

This study examines in depth the pugio (pl. pugiones), a short dagger-sword and one of the weapons of choice of the Roman army - it was the weapon that killed Julius Caesar. Its rich decoration and the use of precious metals have given it legendary status, which has been enhanced by a scarcity of literary sources and the lack of a clear explanation of its function or the specific use soldiers made of it. This work tries to fill this gap, basing its finds exclusively on undisputed data and sources. This study of the pugio takes us through the history and evolution of the Roman army itself.

This study aims to identify patterns of warfare in the southern French Iron Age through examination of the documentary, settlement, iconographic and osteological evidence for warfare in this region, each within its chronological context and in tandem with one another. The Iron Age of southern France remains relatively unknown in the English-speaking archaeological world. The best known aspects of the archaeological material suggest a society in which warfare was an overriding preoccupation. Major, fortified centres, such as Entremont and Saint-Blaise, and the tradition of 'warrior statues' like those from Entremont and Roquepertuse, suggest that conflict was a recurrent theme. Literary sources, such as Poseidonius have described the indigenous populations of this area as a volatile and warlike people who took the heads of their enemies from the battlefield and displayed or preserved them in their settlements. Finds of skulls, some with nails still embedded in the bone, appear to verify such reports. The pattern of warfare which emerges from this analysis is then discussed within some of the more prominent models of social-anthropological study. This case study offers a more nuanced and contextual interpretation of warfare in the southern French Iron Age and demonstrates how, if treated as a form of social interaction, rather than a breakdown in social norms, might be integrated into wider archaeological interpretations of social and political change.

This book includes papers from an international Egyptological conference entitled Evolving Egypt: Innovation, Appropriation, and Reinterpretation in Ancient Egypt held in February 2006 at BYU-Hawaii (Oahu).

A Festschrift for Professor Vidula Jayaswal. Contents: 1) Professor Vidula Jayaswal: A Versatile Scholar in Archaeology Profile of Biographical & Academic Achievements (S. Rama Krishna Pisipaty); 2) Evolution of Human Mind in Prehistoric Period (Anil Kumar); 3) The Classification of Handaxes vis-a-vis Their Functions (Gargi Chatterjee); 4) Archaeology Of Grinding Stones (from earliest times to Neolithic period) (Prachi Virag Sontakke); 5) The Multiple Crop Cultivation and Subsistence Pattern of Neolithic Period: An Explanation based on the Food production strategies of the Tribes of Western Himalayan Region (Manoj Kumar); 6) An Integrated Approach towards the Rock art of Maharashtra (Kantikumar A. Pawar); 7) A Report on the Archaeological Explorations in Southern Tamil Nadu (2008- 2009) (V. Selvakumar); 8) Memorialize the Dead: Some observations on early traditions (S. Rama Krishna Pisipaty); 9) Vadamangalam: A Preliminary Study of Megalithic findings from recent survey in Tamil Nadu (Savitha Gokulraman); 10) NBPW Culture (Tradition): Emerging Trends and Issues (Ravindra Kumar); 11) Ceramic Traditions available at Kanchipuram in southern part of India (S. Shanmugavel); 12) Themes of Panels Depicting Buddha in bhumispars'a mudra- of Pala Period (Meera Sharma); 13) Archaeology of Bhitargarh Fortified Site in Panchagarh District, Bangladesh (Shahnaj Husne Jahan); 14) Excavating the Eternal: an Indigenous Archeological Tradition in India (Michael A. Cremo); 15) Date of the KakanamaT.ha Temple of Suha-niya- and its Builder Ki-rttira-ja (Arvind K. Singh); 16) Narrative Ramayana Panels at Tirumangalam Samavediswara Temple: A Study (Gokul Seshadri); 17) Mahis.?uramardin? Image of Dulmi: A Prized Possession of Indian Museum (Debasmita Sarkar Bhadury); 18) The Early Medival Society And Ornaments (Renu Bala); 19) Terracotta Bull Figurines in Bargarh District, Orissa: An Ethnographic Study (Neena Thakur); 20) The Megalithic Burial Potteries of Siruthavoor: Micromorphology (Smriti Haricharan and Hema Achyuthan); 21) Brocaded Figural Imageries from Banaras a note (Anjan Chakraverty); 22) Buddhist Site Lumbini: A Reappraisal (in Hindi) (Subhash Chandra Yadav); 23) Ganga and Kashi: Myths and Scientific Enquiries (in Hindi) (Meera Sharma); 24) Govardhandh?r? Kr.s.n.a: A Manifestation in Myth, Art & Inscription (in Hindi) (Arti Kumari).

The Neolithic period of southern Turkmenistan, Central Asia is the primary focus of this study. During the Neolithic, southern Turkmenia was inhabited by two main groups living in two discrete ecological environmental zones: the Jeitun Culture of the southern super-zone and the Keltiminar Culture of the northern super-zone. The Jeitun peoples practised an agro-pastoral settled (or semi-settled) lifestyle in the upland intermontane valleys, the fertile piedmont zone, and the alluvial floodplain of the Kopet Dag mountains. The Keltiminar peoples practised a mobile hunting, gathering, fishing, and stockbreeding seasonal-round subsistence system while inhabiting the semi-desert, desert, and deltaic areas of the Kara and Kyzyl Kum deserts, and the lower Amu Darya and Zeravshan rivers. In this study, Chapters 1-3 provide the background critical to an accurate understanding of the typological and petrographic case studies, the insight those studies can provide to our knowledge of the structure of the Jeitun and Keltiminar Neolithic adaptations, and the notion of prehistoric Turkmenia as an archaeological border zone. The ceramic assemblages for the petrographic case study are initially introduced in the context of ceramic typology (Chapter 4), and subsequently in terms of general petrography (Chapter 5) and the Kopet Dag case study (Chapter 6). Finally, Chapter 7 represents a synthesis and interpretation of the data and results from Chapters 4 and 6. This synthesis and interpretation serves as a precursor to a final discussion of contrasts, comparisons, and possibilities for future research in the region (Chapter 8).

Sudan Archaeological Research Society, Publication Number 14This is the second in a series of volumes detailing the results of an archaeological survey carried out in the most northerly part of the Sudan, between 1960 and 1965. The present volume deals exclusively with sites dating from the Christian Nubian period, between approximately AD 580 and 1500. In brief, the survey covered an area on the west bank of the Nile extending from Faras, on the Egyptian border, to the village of Gemai, 62km to the south. Also included within the survey area were all of the islands of the Second Cataract to the west of the main Nile channel - more than 20 islands in all. This volume contains chapters dealing with each of the major site types, viz: churches, fortifications, habitation sites, industrial and miscellaneous sites, and mortuary sites. The description of each site is followed by an abbreviated listing of all the registered finds from that site. More detailed discussion and illustration of the artifactual finds from all the sites is reserved for two chapters following the site descriptions. A final chapter considers what the West Bank Survey has contributed to our understanding of the history and culture of Christian Nubia.

Proceedings of the First Postgraduate Conference on Studies of Antiquity and Middle Ages Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 26-28th October 2010. Edited by A. Castro Correa, D. Gómez Castro, G. González Germain, K. Starczewska, J. Oller Guzmán, A. Puy Maeso, R. Riera Vargas and N. Villagra Hidalgo

This book includes papers on skull interpretations and related archaeological issues from a roundtable event organized by La Musée National de Préhistoire, Les Eyzies-de-Tayac (Dordogne, France), in October 2010.

This research examines the archaeological protection system and antiquarian collecting in northern Sicily, in particular in the coastal strip from Palermo to Messina during the first half of the nineteenth century. Substantially, the most represented historical period is the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1814-1861). The strength of the research, which is relevant to the history of Sicilian coin collecting and archaeology, is a substantial set of materials, discovered at the State Archive of Palermo and Fondazione Mandralisca of Cefalù. It comprises 141 archival records, which have been transcribed, ordered and studied thoroughly. Chapter 1 contains a general introduction about Sicilian archaeological protection systems and antiquarianism from the end of the eighteenth century to the post-Unification period. Chapter 2, based mainly on archival records, focuses on Palermo, the most important city of the Bourbon Sicily, where authorities managed and protected island antiquities. Sections describe the collections of Tommaso Gandolfo and Antonino Astuto, acquired by the Museum of the University, and the discovery of coins at Giarre in 1832. Enrico Pirajno's activities at Cefalù and Lipari are also examined in this chapter - he is considered one of the most skilful Sicilian antiquarians during the first half of the nineteenth century. The last section reports a significant numismatic discovery in the Cefalù Valley in 1824. Chapter 4 describes Tindari, where the Sciacca della Scala family led antiquarian research from the late eighteenth century until the late nineteenth century. Their collection of finds, kept in a private museum at the Castle of Scala di Patti is now lost. Chapter 5 discusses Giuseppe Grosso Cacopardo, the well-known coin collector from Messina (including the recent discovery of a special 'export' of ancient coins, found in Messina in 1845, to the King of Bavaria). The work's conclusion offers a final historical reconstruction of the numismatic and archaeological collecting in northern Sicily, according to new and substantial records. Five appendices report archival documentation, arranged in thematic sections.

This volume derives from a session held at the 2010 Theoretical Archaeology Group conference (Bristol University). The aims of this session were to explore occurrences of compromise (or making do) and repair (mending) in the past, with a particular focus on material culture. This original scope broadened to encompass reuse - inextricably linked to the central themes, particularly when considered through a biographical approach.

The idea for this volume emerged from critical self-reflection about diverse archaeological practices in a session presented at the 13th European Association of Archaeologists Annual Meeting (Zadar, Croatia, 2007), in particular the conflicting relationship between the 'mainstream' and the 'alternative'. The field of so-called 'fringe' or 'alternative' archaeology is vast and multifaceted, ranging from pseudoarchaeology, 'bad' archaeology practices, conspiracy theories and claims about lost civilizations to extraterrestrial cultures, (neo)shamanism, religious and/or nationalist demands. All these agendas have in common the fact that, through their differentiated readings and appropriations of the past, they create solidarities amongst their supporters.

'It is one of the most remarkable aspects of Viking Age England that... there are very few Viking grave- - Richards (2000). This study, by examining all the evidence for Viking settlement, and by looking at burial practices within the entire English social milieu aims to understand why this might be.

The Ritidian Site is located in the United States island territory of Guam, the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean. The site holds a data-rich 3500-year record of natural and cultural history of the islands, now uniquely preserved and open for public access in the Ritidian Unit of Guam National Wildlife Refuge. The place means many things for people in different perspectives, together speaking volumes of Ritidan's powerful effects as a heritage landscape. Today, Ritidian is known as an archaeological site, as a place where important historical events occurred, as a home of preserved forest habitat, as a spiritual retreat, as an example of land-ownership struggles in Guam, and as much more. While research is ongoing, this book offers a summary update of findings by scholars who have studied different aspects of the profundity and complexity of Ritidian's integrated natural-cultural landscape history.

Proceedings of a colloquium held in the British School at Rome 4th - 7th November 2009University of Southampton Series in Archaeology No. 3This book presents the proceedings of the 'Bread for the people: The Archaeology of Mills and Milling' colloquium.

Updated papers presented at the infancy and childhood conference at the University of Kent in 2005. From this conference the new Society - the Study of Childhood in the Past (SSCIP) emerged.

This study of Palaeolithic Africa, an interim report, describes a large number of sites in the region of the Zebra River, Western Namibia. After the Introductory Sections, a complete list of all sites is given in Section 4, presenting the raw information gathered in the fieldwork. The interpretation of these data is then discussed on a site-by-site basis in Section 5. Here, specific topics which relate to more than one site are considered when they first arise, while other more general topics are discussed subsequently under separate headings. Cross-references are liberally provided in the text. Finally Section 6 draws the threads together and offers a wider comment on the way forward for surface studies for earlier Palaeolithic archaeology. Artefacts deemed worthy of further study, which were usually photographed, measured and given GPS locations, were given sequential numbers and are fully listed in Appendix 1. A summary table of artefacts for each major site collected or recorded during fieldwork is given in Section 4, including a table of the 'numbered' artefacts, by type, to which other recorded artefacts are sometimes added, as noted in the individual tables. In the Foreward, Derek Roe concludes his contribution by adding that this new study... 'contains a mass of useful new information and some good guidance for others to use...I very much hope that students of the Palaeolithic will indeed read this work.'

Aegean-type pottery has been found in the West Mediterranean for more than a century and several publications have tried to explain the phenomenon from an Aegeancentric point of view. The search for metals, the arrival of Mycenaean people after the LH III B destructions in Mainland Greece and the hypothesis that Mycenaeans had to sail westwards because of the dominance of the Minoan thalassocracy on the eastern routes are only some of the proposals. Yet, what do we know about the Italics, the people who consumed, and eventually produced, Aegean-type pottery? This question is at the centre of this study. The state of research on this topic, in spite of almost a century and a half of studies is disappointing. The phenomenon is still seen in terms of economic exchange, where the Aegeans are the primary players. There has been no attempt to research methodically the reasons why the Italics accepted and used Aegean-type pottery. In the last few decades, many anthropologists have concentrated their efforts on ethnographic studies of patterns of consumption and several theoretical models have been published as a result. In particular, globalisation has provided the stimulus for research focussed on cross-cultural consumption of standardised products. Using these studies, this research has tried to provide the Italic perspective, one of consumption as well as production. The results of this research demonstrate the independence of the Italics in their choices as consumers and provide insights on the social and cultural processes of these Bronze Age populations. As a result, while the role of the Aegeans in the phenomenon appears less important, the complexity of the regional Italic processes associated with the presence of Aegean-type pottery in the West Mediterranean becomes more apparent.

This study looks at what is meant by the term 'Smyt', or 'chantress', in ancient Egypt (including New Kingdom, Third Intermediate Period, Middle Kingdom, Late and Ptolemaic Periods). Very little is known about the specifics of the title or the types of people who held it. Both men and women could hold the title, but the female version is by far the more prevalent and they form the focus of this research. Studies investigating the status of non-royal women are a fairly recent phenomenon, but the abundance of data from private tombs and monuments concerning the women who held the title Smyt makes these women ideal subjects for a study of non-royal women within their cultural and historical contexts.