Bücher veröffentlicht von Cambria Press

This book examines the conductor's methods in terms of the realization of expressive potential in a selected body of works. This examination encompasses analytical, technical, and expressive gestural aspects of the art and craft of conducting. The author also discusses the idea of meaning in music and ways, both musical and extramusical, in which meaning arises in performance. In this unique study, the author also considers how the use of physical gestures may have an impact upon the realization of expressive potential in a given work and, in particular, upon those works selected for discussion. Central to this process is the notion that there is something "behind the notes." Text-based modes of analysis do not afford access to music as it is created by the actions of performers and conductors. The author argues that this music often has strong extroversive associations. Inquiry limited to the text neither helps the interpreter to realise fully the expressive or communicative potential of that work, nor does it fully consider the impact of expressive issues on performance. Thus, the conductor acts as a mediator in this process, taking the work and all relevant information surrounding it into account as it is prepared for performance. It is within this context that the author examines John Corigliano's Overture from Gazebo Dances, Karel Husa's Introduction and Fanfare from Music for Prague 1968, Edward Gregson's Celebration, and Morning Music by Richard Rodney Bennett, with regard to their expressive potential and adopts topical analysis in a general way as a point of departure in an attempt to relate this potential to physical gestures, facial expressions, and body language in the art and craft of conducting. In addition, the author considers the applicability of the analytical tools developed in the study to the actual practice of performance with regard to the works discussed, and attempts to show the relationship between the analysis of a given work, the physical manifestation of what that analysis uncovers, and the realisation of expressive potential in performance. This book will help readers better understand the relationship between the conductor's physical gestures, body language and facial expressions, and the expressive potential of selected works for the wind orchestra. As a book that clearly reflects the author's passion, it will be a welcome addition for collections in music.

There are substantial bodies of literature that advance theory about why merger and acquisition candidates are found to be unattractive, why negotiations are not concluded, and why the benefits of companies that are acquired are not realised. Little, if any, research identifies why merger and acquisition opportunities are not pursued in the period after candidates are analysed and found to be attractive but before negotiations begin. This study addresses this period by developing a theoretical framework of the variables that intervene to reverse decisions to pursue apparently attractive candidates before negotiations begin and which, in doing so, result in missed opportunities. The study is informed primarily by the strategic-management content literature but draws from the strategy-process literature including streams in strategic decision making (SDM) and behavioural decision theory (BDT). This is a critical book for business scholars that provides an important perspective that has not yet been studied.

The increased prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Canadian and American children has introduced a surge in 'self-help' books marketed toward mothers. The perceived necessity for this has been shored up by scholarly and popular belief that raising an ADHD child is a stressful, burdensome and over-whelming responsibility. The perception is that these mothers are in need of advice and guidance in order to rise to the challenge. ADHD, marked by impulsivity, inattention and hyperactivity, is frequently misinterpreted as a result of poor mothering despite professional efforts to define it as a biologically predetermined disorder independent of socialization. Despite professional allegiance to the biological definition of the disorder, much academic focus has been directed toward discovering maternal pathology and dysfunction. This book provides a much needed counter perspective to current stereotypes about mothers of ADHD children as ill-quipped or pathological. Relying on large-scale quantitative data, Patricia E. Neff provides a detailed analysis of the impact of raising an ADHD child, as compared to a non-ADHD child, on maternal well-being. This is the first book of its kind to address the subject of mothering an ADHD child using two nationally representative and cross-cultural samples of Canadian and American mothers and children. A unique picture of how Canadian and American mothers are influenced by the ADHD status of their child, as well as their child's behavior and use of medication is revealed. This research is also concerned with the role of social support in mediating the effects of ADHD on maternal well-being. While numerous studies have examined the influence of social support in families of children experiencing an illness or handicap, this is the first to systematically explore the utilization of social support among mothers of ADHD children. According to Neff, the use of small, homogenous and clinically referred samples has contributed to negative characterizations of mothers of ADHD children. This is a timely piece of work as ADHD is now the most frequently diagnosed and treated disorder among school age children across Canada and the United States. ADHD and Maternal Resiliency provides a critical new perspective on mothering an ADHD child that will be of interest to sociologists, psychologists, clinicians, and educators, as well as mothers and families of ADHD children. Recommendations are advanced to increase research efforts toward gaining a greater understanding of the strengths and resources which enable mothers to successfully cope with the associated difficulties of mothering an ADHD child.

Until now, important research on the historical records of comets and meteor showers from China, Japan, and Korea has remained the exclusive preserve of those with expertise in the relevant languages. With a compilation like the present volume the authors hope to ameliorate that situation. Applying the same rigorous selection criteria and style of presentation as in the previous catalogue, assembled and translated here are some 1,500 additional observations of comets and meteor showers from China, Japan, and Korea spanning nearly three millennia. With the publication of this volume, most of the important historical records of East Asian astronomical observations are now accessible in English. The introductions and appendices provide all the required information on specialized terminology, recording conventions, and nomenclature the reader will need to make use of the records. In addition to being an invaluable resource for professional astronomers, East Asian astronomical records have materially aided the research of scholars in fields as diverse as mythology, medieval iconography, ancient chronology, and the oral history of pre-literate societies. The book should be of great interest to cultural astronomers, as well as to those engaged in historical and comparative research.

Until the latter decades of the twentieth century historical works on Australian education tended, almost without exception, to not foreground gender. The revitalisation of feminism in both the social and academic worlds in the 1970s nurtured scholarship whose primary purpose was to place gender at the centre of policy and research. One strand of this project was to map the careers and structural positioning of women teachers. However, while this important advance brought an analytical lens to bear on what had been a significant lacuna in the history of education the emphasis on the overt structural and cultural exclusions faced by women who taught tended to perpetuate stereotypes of teaching and professionalism. Thus, women teachers were understood as victims of patriarchal bureaucratic systems. The possibility that women teachers had more complex and agentic lives was largely unexplored. More recent scholarship has called for the need to investigate the subjective experiences of becoming and being a woman teacher thus creating a greater set of bounded studies which pay close attention to ethnic, class and regional differences as well as instances where women teachers exercised autonomy and resistance. A further significant development has been the insistence on the inclusion of stories from below gathered through the biographical and autobiographical writings of women teachers as well as oral history testaments. This book is part of that ongoing historical exploration of women teachers lives and makes a unique contribution. This is partly due to the location, Western Australia, and also in the focus on the process of becoming a woman teacher. Oral testimonies from twenty-four women teachers who graduated from the only Western Australian teachers college in the early twentieth century provide the personal perspective, while secondary sources, policy texts and institutional records are used to create the historical context. The historical period in which book is set, 1911-1940, was characterised by intense and significant ideological and social reformation. In particular, the period has been identified as one of crisis in the formation of masculinities and femininities. This crisis held the potential for change in gender relations and for women s participation in the professions, but there has been little scholarly investigation of the subjective experiences of girls and young women as they became teachers and constructed their identities and negotiated discontinuities in the discourses of femininity. Girls Becoming Teachers addresses this deficit by mapping the journeys of twenty-four Western Australian girls who became teachers in the first half of the twentieth century and lived within and between traditional and modern discourses of femininity. Starting with the family, the book moves on to schooling, the pre-college monitorship and then to Claremont Teachers College. The gender discourses circulating in these institutions are explored, and the contradictions between the traditional and the modern are revealed. The women s testimonies provide insights on how these discourses shaped and entered their lived experience of daily life; were taken for granted or resisted. This book challenges the assumption that families and schools unproblematically reproduced prevailing gender regimes. By becoming teachers, these women had been exposed to traditional expectations that they would accept masculine authority and eventually leave teaching to become wives and mothers. On the other hand they were also educated, encouraged to enter the teaching profession, and rewarded for their achievements. They learned to invest themselves in developing their rational and critical capacities. If they stayed in the profession they would have to remain spinsters, an apparently unacceptable social position. It might have seemed like an impossible choice but in the final chapter of the book Janina Trotman details the nature of these choices and the rich and varied lives of the women who made them. Girls Becoming Teachers will appeal to a wide range of groups. Scholars engaged in researching gender, education and professionalism would find much of interest, as will those who investigate the construction of subjectivities. Since much of the book is based on oral testimonies it would be an important addition to an Oral History Collection. Finally, since stories are a source of pleasure and fascination, many teachers, both retired and in service would find the book a pleasure to read.

About the series: Technology builders, entrepreneurs, consultants, academicians, and futurists from around the world share their wisdom in The Future of the Internet surveys conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project and Elon University. The series of surveys garners smart, detailed assessments of multi-layered issues from a variety of voices, ranging from the scientists and engineers who created the first Internet architecture a decade ago to social commentators to technology leaders in corporations, media, government, and higher education. Among the respondents are people affiliated with many of the world's top organizations, including IBM, AOL, Microsoft, Intel, ICANN, the Internet Society, Google, W3C, Internet2, and Oracle; Harvard, MIT, and Yale; and the Federal Communications Commission, FBI, U.S. Census Bureau, Social Security Administration, and U.S. Department of State. They provide significant and telling responses to questions about the future of government, education, media, entertainment, commerce, and more. They foresee continuing conflicts over control of networked communications and the content produced and shared online. They also predict the major changes ahead for everyone in every field of endeavor. Hopes and Fears: The Future of the Internet, Volume 2 The 2006 Future of the Internet II survey asked its participants to react to variety of networked information technology scenarios related to national boundaries, human languages, artificial intelligence and other topics. Among the questions implicit in the scenarios were: Will more people choose to live "e;off the grid"e;? Will autonomous machines leave people out of the loop? Will English be the lingua franca? Will national boundaries be displaced by new groupings? Among the themes in the predictions: Continued serious erosion of individual privacy; the improvement of virtual reality and rising problems tied to it; greater economic opportunities in developing nations; changes in languages; the rise of autonomous machines that operate beyond human control.

This collection of essays is impressive in its breadth, ranging over English (Shakespeare, Stoppard, Churchill, Ravenhill, Penhall), Irish (MacNamara, Johnston), American (O'Neill, Stein, Kushner, Lynn), and Continental (Beckett, Weiss, Jelinek) dramatists; furthermore, many of the plays given extended treatment--King Lear, The Emperor Jones, Waiting for Godot, Endgame, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, The Investigation, Top Girls, and Angels in America--are frequently anthologized and/or taught. And because each of these essays was written by a different author, the range of theorists and critics drawn upon (Lyotard, Jameson, McHale, Hutcheon, Derrida, Barthes, Baudrillard, Levinas, Hassan, etc.) is so extensive as to provide a veritable overview of postmodern theory as it might usefully be applied to the theatre.

International exhibitions were a key feature of the cultural landscape of the second half of the nineteenth century. They provided the most powerful nations with a stage on which they could affirm their status as world leaders. Increasingly they also allowed emerging nations to celebrate their growing economic and industrial prowess. In Britain the potential challenge this presented to the exiting order was noted by a few contemporary observers who, because of what they had seen at exhibitions, were convinced that the country was at risk economically. They regarded technical education as the remedy to cure this perceived ill. Historians of this period have similarly concluded that British complacency towards this issue led to decline. This book investigates these assumptions by systematically exploring the relationship between participation in international exhibitions, the state of the economy, and the issue of technical education from a British perspective between 1850 and 1910. The book begins with the 1867 Paris exhibition; it examines the enquiries into technical education that it generated in England and ends with the Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of Science. It then examines the link between the 1876 Philadelphia and the 1878 Paris exhibitions and the Royal Commission on Technical Instruction. The 1884 and 1885 London exhibitions, the Royal Commission on the Depression of Trade, and the Technical Instruction Act are also studied. The study then moves to the 1893 Chicago and the 1900 Paris exhibitions. This is followed by an examination of the International Exhibitions Committee, which was established in the early part of the twentieth century to undertake research into the link between exhibitions and the well being of British trade. This represents a unique and rarely used source with which to explore the issue at the heart of this work. Finally, the study establishes that commercial rather than technical education had been the want of the age. This unique volume will be a valuable addition to collections in British history, international trade, history of education, and history of economics.

Up for Grabs: The Future of the Internet, Volume 1 is the first volume of an exciting series by the Pew Internet &American Life Project and Elon University. How will the Internet be expected to change the workplace, family life, education and many other foundations of society between 2004 and 2014? Significantly. That was the forecast of nearly 1,300 leading technology experts and scholars who responded to The Future of the Internet I, a 2004 survey by researchers at the Pew Internet &American Life Project and Elon University. The extensive elaborations supplied by survey respondents provide a vision of a networked, digital future that enhances many peoples' lives but also has some distressing implications. The big-picture Internet issues of the next decade, as foreseen by the experts in this survey, include: positive and negative changes in the family dynamic; a conflict between our desire for privacy, security and ownership of intellectual property and our desire for the convenience of free information sharing on networked devices; and a concern over being inundated with information. About the series: Technology builders, entrepreneurs, consultants, academicians, and futurists from around the world share their wisdom in The Future of the Internet surveys conducted by the Pew Internet &American Life Project and Elon University. The series of surveys garners smart, detailed assessments of multi-layered issues from a variety of voices, ranging from the scientists and engineers who created the first Internet architecture a decade ago to social commentators to technology leaders in corporations, media, government, and higher education. Among the respondents are people affiliated with many of the world's top organizations, including IBM, AOL, Microsoft, Intel, ICANN, the Internet Society, Google, W3C, Internet2, and Oracle; Harvard, MIT, and Yale; and the Federal Communications Commission, FBI, U.S. Census Bureau, Social Security Administration, and U.S. Department of State. They provide significant and telling responses to questions about the future of government, education, media, entertainment, commerce, and more. They foresee continuing conflicts over control of networked communications and the content produced and shared online. They also predict the major changes ahead for everyone in every field of endeavor.

This book addresses the manifestations of power dynamics in negotiations between international organizations operating at the global level (e.g., the World Bank, WTO, and UNESCO) and international organizations operating at the regional level (e.g., NEPAD, SADC, and AAU). It further addresses how these dynamics influence the educational autonomy of governments in the region. Although it focuses on Southern Africa, the principles drawn and the models developed therein can contribute to a better understanding of inter-organizational interactions in other regions of the world. This study also illuminates specific and general instances of power dynamics, which resulted in models and categories of power that are useful to inform a wide variety of academic disciplines in the social sciences and the humanities. The RIF model (Regimes as Intermediate Factors) adds to the regime formation discourse by providing a visual representation of the complex role of regimes as intermediate between a system's power structure and the negotiations and decision-makings that occur within the system. The NSPD model (Necessary and Sufficient conditions plus Properties and Dimensions) provides a tool with which to engage in basic conceptual analysis. The FET model (Filter Effect Theory) adds to the periphery-center discourse by providing a visual representation of the interactions between Global International Regimes, Regional International Regimes, and Local Governments in relation to the code of international negotiations. The SRHP model (Schematic Representation of Hermeneutical Power) adds a discourse of hermeneutical proximity-distance in areas concerned with textual interpretation. Collections in African studies, education, and political science will find this book to be a valuable addition.

By 2005, companies worldwide had created a $76-billion customer relationship management (CRM) software industry. These pioneers strove to streamline their customer transactions and maximize touchpoints over the lifecycle. On average, these dedicated, innovative firms spent the better part of a year implementing expensive CRM systems and renewing maintenance contracts. After all this devotion, investment, and IT integration, how could it be that up to 70% of CRM projects "fail to live up to expectations"? This book investigates the reason for relationship marketing's failure, and uncovers that this failure is not due solely to CRM IT implementation and strategy problems. The failure to establish long-term relationships with customers is because companies and research have ignored the emotional-relational component of developmental stages in human relationships. Relationship marketing is incomplete unless it models the stuff of real interpersonal relationships - developmental stages, trust, emotional mechanisms, and deeply felt commitment. This thesis is supported most strongly by the critical finding that emotions (rather than simply transactions or other success factors) are the primary drivers of stage progression. Therefore, traditional CRM software and, by implication, the relationship marketing vision of the firm is simply looking in the wrong place. The CRM technology itself tends to obfuscate the naked realization and raison d'etre, as James Autry profoundly mused, that "There is no business, there are only people". The research in this book empirically maps the customer's emotional-relational journey, so that marketing may be better able to connect on an emotional level to "where customers are" in the relationship stages to earn, not only commitment and profits, but also relational well-being.

The research contained in this book contributes to the theoretical and practical knowledge of message strategies and the executional devices used in U.S. television advertising. Using rigorous content analysis, the authors investigated characteristics of commercials from among EFFIE Award winners of 1999 through 2004-advertising originating from "effective" campaigns. This work contributes to advertising research by examining the predictive congruency of the FCB advertising planning grid (see below) with message strategies found in EFFIE commercials; overall EFFIE commercial message strategy and tactic relationships; and content analysis methodology relative to improving objectivity and assessing reliability. This study focuses on producing a benchmark for comparison studies examining differences in message strategies across cultures. The research herein provides a methodological framework for producing comparative studies examining television commercials and other video content (i.e., delivered over the Internet) across cultures.

The name of Mubarak-i Wakhani (1839-1903), a Persian (Tajik) mystic poet, musician, astronomer, and Ismaili religious scholar from Badakhshan, is hardly known in modern academic circles related to Persian and Ismaili studies. Despite his importance to Ismaili esoteric thought in general and the Ismaili tradition of the peoples of the Pamir Mountains in particular, Mubarak has received only scant attention from modern scholars. One of the major reasons for Mubarak's relative obscurity is probably the geographic location of his homeland and its socio-economic, political, and intellectual environment. There has been no serious scholarly research conducted on Mubarak's life and works. This book is the first introductory study on the subject, and provides the first systematic presentation of the seminal Islamic figure. In the desire to establish an accurate biography of Mubarak and to render his often confused Ismaili-Sufi ideas as lucidly and coherently as possible, this book, by Dr. Abdulmamad Iloliev (PhD, Cambridge University) of the Institute of Ismaili Studies, concentrates on assessing his life and thoughts in their historical and religious context. It explores how far Mubarak's works represent the indigenous Pamiri perception of Ismailism and where he stands in relation to general Ismaili thought. Likewise, through the study of the works of Mubarak, it seeks to explore the distinctive elements of Pamiri Ismailism, which itself is an interesting, but relatively neglected area in religio-cultural studies of the minor nations within the diverse civilization of Islam in general and the former Soviet Union in particular. This is a must-have resource for all scholars in Islamic Studies.

Pennsylvania is one of the few states that neither contains a reservation nor officially recognizes any Native American group. The stance of state government is that there are no Native Americans in the state. However, there is a large and growing community of Native Americans that is growing more active and more frustrated with the state's position. Invisible Indians is based on three years of research with Native Americans in Pennsylvania. The authors have crossed the state to attend powwows and tribal meetings, as well as interview individual Indians. Based on several, extensive ethnographic interviews, this book provide an extremely insightful account of Native Americans in Pennsylvania. The book also examines the history of Native American/government relationships within the state, as well as critical issues such as casino gambling and state recognition that are the crux of current negotiations. The book is also about the ways Pennsylvania's Native Americans are reinventing their history and their cultures to meet their own social and psychological (identity) needs. This book is a much-needed addition to the literature on Native American identity today--the critical issue in contemporary Native American politics. The book also debunks the official state stance that no Native Americans exist in Pennsylvania. Invisible Indians will be a valuable reference both to social scientists interested in personal identity issues as well as all interested in Pennsylvania cultures and issues.

Robert Noonan, whose pseudonym was Robert Tressell, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1870, and died in Liverpool, England, in 1911. During his short life, he lived in three countries, Ireland, South Africa, and England, and was involved in and exposed to a range of progressive issues such as Irish nationalism, Boer nationalism, socialism, anti-imperialism, the co-operative movement, and the women's suffrage campaign. He endured the poverty of a painter and sign-writer's wages, struggled to convert his fellow workers to socialism, experienced an acrimonious and ultimately secret divorce in South Africa, raised a daughter on his own, dreamed of a better life in Canada, and wrote a novel. The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists was first published posthumously in 1914. The narrative provided a focus for his view of society and its imperial and capitalist structures; it was a "map" that he hoped would guide a future working class to consciousness. It was desperately hard to write, particularly since he was labouring for fifty-six hours a week at times and suffering from a serious illness, likely tuberculosis. The text covers some sixteen hundred handwritten folio pages. Before he left for Liverpool in 1910, ostensibly to secure passages for him and his daughter to emigrate to Canada, he left the manuscript with his daughter, Kathleen. She eventually sold it the maverick publisher, Grant Richards, for twenty-five pounds. Once published, it proved to be a best seller, both in its heavily abridged editions (1914, 1918) and, since 1955, in its full edition. Much of this biography--particularly Tressell's Irish, South African, and gendered experiences--has been omitted or treated as incidental. Readings of Tressell's life and text have centered on their English, working-class, and socialist elements. The late Fred Ball researched the first biography more than thirty years after Tressell's death, using the only editions of the text available. These were seriously edited and abridged by Jessie Pope for Grant Richards; her preface maintained that the writer was a "genuine working-class man." The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists was mostly seen as the work of a working-class writer; there was no reason to think otherwise. Some recent scholarship disturbs the text's perceived neatness, pointing out its elitism and middle-class proclivities; and some work re-contextualizes Tressell's book, placing it within modernist, Irish, South African, and gendered frameworks. The narrative the authors present is not out of step with the so-called "real" world, in fact, it engages with popular reception and debates. This revolutionary book is an edited collection of essays on Robert Tressell's, The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists. While two such books were published in the 1980s, The Robert Tressell Papers (1982) and The Robert Tressell Lectures, 1981-1988 (1988), both largely (with only a few brief exceptions) rehearsed the dominant narrative of the text and author as vigorously and unproblematically working class, masculine, and English. This volume will introduce readers to an array of voices and perspectives, specifically those of women and international readers. The book comprises work by academics, a librarian, and the widow of Tressell's biographer, Fred Ball. The focus is on continuity and change in terms of how Tressell's text is read. Revisiting Robert Tressell's Mugsborough will be an important book for all literature collections.

Little work has been done to explicate the motivational factors of agency, particularly in cases where an artifact initially deemed ineffective or superfluous becomes an everyday necessity, such as the automobile at the turn of the twentieth century. Farmers saw it as a "devil wagon" but later adopted it for use as an all-around device and power source. What makes a social group change its position about a particular artifact? How did the devil wagon overcome its notoriety to become a prosaic mainstream device? These questions direct the research in this book. While they may have been asked before, author Imes Chiu (PhD, Cornell University) brings a different and refreshing approach to the problem of newness. Preexisting practices and work routines used as explanatory devices have something interesting to say about diffusion strategies and localization measures. This innovative study examines the conversion of users. To understand the motivating factors in mass adoption, the study focuses on perceptions and practices associated with horses and motorcars in three different settings during three different periods. All three cases begin with the motorcar in the periphery: all three end with it achieving ubiquity. This multiple-case design is used for the purpose of theoretical replication. Results in all three cases show that a contrived likeness to its competitor-the horse-contributed to the motorcar's success. The motorcar absorbed the technical, material, structural, and conceptual resources of the technology it displaced. This book, which includes several rare photographs, will be an important resource for those who wish to study the history of transportation and technology adaptation.

In the thirty-year history of the study of language and gender, theory and application have branched incrementally like the reaches of a family tree. The study of language and gender has progressed from an eye-opening review of differences between the "language" of women and men to observations that language served to preserve "domination" of one sex over another and on to a cross-cultural approach which observes that the ritual styles of talk that are observed among even the youngest girls and boys at play remain with them as women and men. Language and gender has been studied in many institutional and organizational environments including medical, legal, law enforcement, academic, and business settings. While all of those settings have historically been marked by gender-based differentials in opportunity, pay, and power, one of the most metaphorically and demographically gender-differentiated institutions has remained unexamined in the sociolinguistic literature: the military. The military is particularly interesting for linguistic study because it is veritably synonymous with the socio-cultural construction of American masculinity, and therefore a fascinating venue for the study of language, gender, and power. With this innovative study, the author opens the door to considerations of power, gender dynamics, and language and ideology in a community that has not yet been studied using the techniques of discourse analysis. And while some have criticized the utility of examining "outlying cases," particularly in studies of gender or sexuality in language, the military community, though not studied, can hardly be considered an outlying case. On the contrary, American military identity is part of American identity in that it influences the American masculine construct and has affected 26 million veterans and their families, as well as those who may not be in the military but work with and near military members and installations on a regular basis. Also unique to this study and the author's analysis of the usage of "ma'am" and "sir" is an approach which does not necessarily examine how women and men use language, but how those in their community use language to address them as women and men. This landmark book provides a refreshing perspective on gender and language dynamics in a setting not yet examined. Language and Gender in the Military, will be a vital resource for those in gender and language studies.

Prevailing interpretation in international political economy following the work of such analysts as Easterly and Alesina, is that ethnic and linguistic diversity is harmful to economic development because it is a source of division and even destructive political conflict. This study takes a very different view. It argues that ethnic and linguistic diversity is a source of creativity and productivity in society and therefore is an indispensable component of economic development. Based on an examination of advanced-industrial (OECD) countries, this is the first study to show at the macro-level across countries that ethnic and linguistic diversity is a positive source of creativity for society. Extensive econometric analysis backs up the empirical findings of the study. This work promises to steer international political economy in a new direction. It will highlight the positive contributions to entrepreneurship, technological innovation, and economic growth in the modern society of the Information Age. An important qualification of the findings is that the study shows how important government support is for research and development. Without this support much of the creativity in society in terms of skill and manpower gets lost or wasted. This book is original and groundbreaking. It adds a new dimension to the fields of international political economy and international political finance.

Christmas Island is a small territory of Australia located in the Indian Ocean. It is home to three main ethnic groups, the smallest of which are European Australians. Christmas Island is also where those who arrive "illegally" to seek asylum in Australia are accommodated. Christmas Island has played a key role in Australian security, located as it is at the northern extremity of Australian territory; much closer to Indonesia than to the nation to which it belongs, and from whose territory it has recently been excised for migration purposes. As a migration exclusion zone, Christmas is both within and without of the nation, and has gone from a place known among nature lovers for its unique red crabs and bird life to the highly politicised subject of national concern and heated debate. But what is it like to be at home on Christmas Island? How do locals make and come to be at home in a place both within and without of the nation? This anthropological exploration--the very first one ever undertaken of this strategically important island--focuses closely on the sensual engagements people have with place, shows how Christmas Islanders make recourse to the animals, birds and topographic features of the island to create uniquely islandic ways of being at home--and ways of creating "others" who will never belong--under volatile political circumstances. This original ethnography reveals a complex island society, whose presence at the very edge of the nation reveals important information about a place and a group of people new to ethnographic study. In and through these people and their relationships with their unique island place, this ethnographic exploration reveals a nation caught in the grip of intensive national angst about its borders, its sense of safety, its struggles with multiculturalism, and its identity in a world of unprecedented migratory movement. As the first book in the discipline of anthropology to study Christmas Island in ethnographic terms, Christmas Island is a critical work for all collections in anthropology and Australian Studies. "Christmas Island is described by Simone Dennis as 'the last outpost of the nation', that is, a multicultural microcosm of contemporary Australia, worried by a search for a national identity in touch with the past but not limited by it...In Simone Dennis, Christmas Island has its consummate ethnographer and analyst." - Professor Nigel Rapport, University of St. Andrews

The World Wide Web provides an alternative way for practitioners to deliver advertising messages, and its success as an advertising medium continues as shown in a recent report from the Internet Advertising Bureau (2006). The Web ad revenues in the United States totaled over $12.5 billion for the year 2005, a 30 percent increase over 2004 revenues. Despite its exponential growth, Web advertising has endured much scrutiny due to its failure to engage consumers in interaction with advertising message. The very accountability for which Web advertising was once praised is now employed to question its value. The dismal click-through rates (i.e., below 1 percent), along with consumers intentional avoidance of Web advertising, suggest that we need to look beyond the effortful or conscious processing of Web advertising. Despite the continued effort to theorize how Web advertising works, little has been known about how Web advertising may affect consumers responses when the Web advertisements are outside of consumers attentional focus. This book not only proposes a theoretical framework of how Web advertising works, but also empirically examines preattentive processing of Web advertising. The model proposes that the Web advertising source and message characteristics, in conjunction with moderating exogenous and endogenous variables, impact Web ad processing (via preattention versus focal attention) to influence Web ad effects. Furthermore, the study explores factors affecting the extent of preattentive processing of Web advertising and examines outcomes of preattentive processing in terms of memory, attitudes and consideration set formation. This book will be a critical reference for those in advertising, communications and Internet Studies.

Web-based offerings in manu academic disciplines are redefining the educational landscape. In this book, Reinaldo Canton assesses the importance of learner activity in computer programmed instruction. This research explores the practical relation between the learner's behavior and the method of delivery of lesson content.Programmed Instruction in Online Learning is a timely and important book as online instruction becomes increasingly predominant in the education environment.

This book examines representations of women and war in female-authored drama composed in seventeenth-century England, between the years 1645 and 1689. It examines how women's writing was influenced by the war and how at the same time women were creating a discourse of war. It examines the legacy of the bloody events of the Civil War and their representation in early modern women's drama. The study focuses on three key areas: representations of women's communities, representations of female warriors, and representations of women as peacemakers. The plays are thus considered thematically, rather than chronologically. The book is organized around focal points starting with the representations of women's community in early modern drama in chapters two and three, moving on to representations of female warriors in chapters four and five, and finally considering representations of peacemakers in chapters six and seven. The present research shows that the work of these extraordinary women was created by the Civil War culture and that because of their interaction with the war, they were also shaping a literary discourse of war. Attention to these women's texts reveals their "social embedment" in early modern history and discloses "the historicity of texts and the textuality of history." This book sets a precedent by establishing a model for women's war drama; this has never been done before in previous studies, and thus this book makes an innovative and significant contribution to the field. Extremely well researched, this book provides the reader with an understanding of theoretical perspectives, relevant criticism, and women's dramatic writing of the seventeenth century.

The medicine that kept infants born with HIV alive for years is now threatening their existence in adolescence. Antiretroviral medications decrease in efficacy and boost the virus if not administered perfectly. Attachment issues due to maternal depression, addiction, and death, are rampant in these adolescents. Attachment trauma contributes to depression and depression prompts nonadherence. In this book, Dr. Erin Leonard shows how using a mixed methodology approach, this study analyzed adherence, attachment histories, and level of depression in a randomly selected sample population of 20 perinatally HIV-infected adolescents aged 14 to 18. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between the qualities of attachment, depression and medication adherence in adolescents with HIV-1 infection. Early disruptions in attachment relationships are significantly correlated with depression among adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection. Attachment relationship disruptions and depression are significantly related to high rates of nonadherence to antiretroviral medication regimens during adolescence. This study evaluates the quality of attachment relationships, symptoms of depression, and medication adherence. Family history, demographic information, and health information were also examined. Psychological factors that were related to medication adherence and nonadherence were identified and analyzed in order to derive an understanding of the dynamics that deter an adolescent from adherence. This is an important book for collections in Adolescent Studies, Public Health, Psychology, and HIV studies.

This book is the much awaited English translation of Liu Zaifu's book, Reflections on Dream of the Red Chamber. The book consists of three parts-reflections on Dream of the Red Chamber, comments on Dream of the Red Chamber, and discussions on Dream of the Red Chamber. There is also an appendix, "A Discussion of the Philosophy in Dream of the Red Chamber," a speech delivered by Liu Zaifu at the Institute of Philosophy, Central University and at the Chinese Department of Tunghai University, Taiwan, in December 2005. The first part comprises two hundred and four personal reflections on all aspects of Dream of the Red Chamber, the undisputed best traditional novel in China. The second part contains three essays on the spiritual value of the novel, the feeling of repentance and the transcendental philosophical viewpoint in the novel. The third part includes thirteen discussions of various characters and episodes in the novel. The appendix discusses the philosophy in the novel. As the best traditional novel in Chinese literature, Dream of the Red Chamber has attracted a tremendous amount of critical attention over the last hundred years and has given rise to a scholarly field commonly referred to as "redology." In contrast to the works on the novel by other scholars, Liu's book stands out with its personal, intuitive approach. Instead of engaging himself in evidential research, as many scholars in the field have done, Liu reflects on the spiritual orientation and the philosophical implications in the novel from a personal perspective. In so doing he infuses his reflections with his personal experience, his interpretations of works in Chinese literature and world literature, and his philosophical views. Influenced by Zen, Liu's book makes a connection between Dream of the Red Chamber and real life as it exalts the values and philosophical understandings in the novel. Reflections on Dream of the Red Chamber, with its highly original approach to its subject, will be an essential resource for English-speaking readers interested in the classical novel as well as those interested in contemporary literary criticism in China.

Conventional literary representations of Western American history repress the violent conquest central to U.S. westward expansion through images of open space, autonomous individualism, and masculine heroism. In particular, the genre of autobiography has traditionally reproduced autonomous, transcendent, and masculinist notions of selfhood. This book analyzes New Western autobiographical narratives that contest such colonial understandings of race, gender, and landscape. Through a comparative analysis of memoirs and multiform narratives by diverse Euro-American, Native American, and Chicana writers, this study explores the ways in which New Western writing both reproduces and transforms conventional representations of the American West. Through the lens of narrative form, this book closely analyzes contemporary texts that express contradictory historical visions and notions of selfhood, even as they push the boundaries of autobiography. The book s introduction provides a theoretical and historical overview of Western American historiography and literary representations. The book is then divided into four chapters, three of which compare contradictory visions of Western identity in texts by diverse Euro-American and Native American authors from the late twentieth century. The fourth chapter focuses on these issues in the work of a popular Chicana author. Drawing upon a wide array of methodologies and perspectives, Narrating the American West offers valuable insights to students and scholars in a variety of fields, including postcolonial theory, ecocriticism, the New Western History, Native American Studies, American Studies, gender studies, and autobiography theory.

The Femme Fatale in Victorian Literature is a Marxist-Feminist reading of the Femme Fatale in nineteenth-century British literature that examines the changing social and economic status of women from the 1860s through the 1880s, and rejects the stereotypical mid-Victorian femme fatale portrayed by conservative ideologues critiquing popular fiction by Wilkie Collins, Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Honoré de Balzac, and William Makepeace Thackeray. In these book reviews, the female protagonist is simply minimized to a dangerous woman. Refuting this one-dimensional characterization, this book argues that the femme fatale comes to represent the real-life struggles of the middle-class Victorian woman who overcomes major adversities such as poverty, abusive husbands, abandonment, single parenthood, limited job opportunities, the criminal underworld, and Victorian society's harsh invective against her. To overcome these hardships, she reverses her socioeconomic status, an act which demonstrates her self-reliance compared to other Victorian feminine literary figures. The femme fatale, in fact, becomes a precursor to the campaigns against the Contagious Diseases Acts, to the emergence of the New Woman, movements that illustrate more empowering subject positions of women during the later part of the nineteenth century, and subverts patriarchal constructions of domesticity and "fallenness" used to undermine women. More specifically, the femme fatale in the mid-century novel is a protest against representations of women as fallen and domestic. The Femme Fatale in Victorian Literature will be an important book for scholars in literature and Women's Studies.

Farmers' Markets: Success, Failure and Management Ecology is the only book presently available that investigates the current phenomenal growth of farmers' markets in the U.S. The research is a reflection of a period marked by growing consumer interest in locally produced foods, a resistance toward a globalizing food system, and seemingly boundless interest in and support for farmers' markets. Using an ecological approach, the book explores historic trends related to growth and decline in market numbers, examines the management organization associated with markets of specific sizes, analyzes the characteristics and issues associated with markets that fail, and offers a model that illustrates how farmers' market organizers successfully adapt to barriers and challenges in their environment. The book engages a node in the food system that has implications for the economic health of small farms and the social and economic life of communities. The book incorporates both the academic and the practical. It will be an important reference to students and researchers across disciplines with interests in food system research, as well as practitioners managing or working with farmers' markets. As an applied study, the book provides information and recommendations to assist markets with decision making and strategic planning. Although the focus of this research is on one area in the United States, the findings have broad application. The foreword to this study is by distinguished scholar and food system analyst, Gail Feenstra of the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (SAREP) at the University of California, Davis.

Among the most critical issues facing society today is the provision of community support for people of all ages who require assistance in performing daily living tasks. Researchers have documented the support systems and needs of older persons, children with special health care needs, and young persons transitioning into adulthood. While the United States may not yet have solved many of the challenges of providing adequate supports to these populations, researchers at least have a good sense of the nature of those challenges and are working toward that end. Somewhat surprising, then, is the nearly complete lack of knowledge about the support systems and needs of a rapidly growing population of adults who are not yet considered old but who nevertheless need help due to traumatic injury, the congenital illnesses of childhood and young adulthood, and/or the early onset of chronic diseases typically associated with later life (e.g., arthritis, heart disease and cancer). Specifically, researchers know little about the millions of Americans who require assistance during the period of late middle age, a transition phase between middle age and the older years, when activity limitations associated with a chronic condition escalate sharply. The largest generation in American history to date--the baby boom generation--has begun to enter late middle age, the oldest of whom turned sixty in 2006. While the research community looks ahead to the likely strains this generation will place on the formal long-term care system, Medicare, and the Social Security system in the near future, those who find themselves in need of personal care in late middle age must first pass through a particularly vulnerable time before they are eligible to benefit from the safety net these systems afford. Because late-middle-aged adults are often considered the "carers" of society (many caring for dependent children or aging parents, and often both), we do not often think of this group as vulnerable and in need of help themselves. They, more than others, are left to rely on their own financial and family support systems to get through their difficult time, while at the same time planning and preparing for the possibility of living another 20 years or more with chronic illnesses and conditions. Up until now, we have known very little about how, and how well, they manage. In this first critical study of the availability and receipt of care for late-middle-aged adults, Julie Lima and Susan Allen uncover a host of vulnerabilities that challenge the wellbeing of those who find themselves in need of personal assistance at a critical point in their lives. Using a lifecourse approach, they outline the care needs of older adults in various stages of life, as well as the sociodemographic and policy trends that influence the amounts and types of care that are available, and that will likely be available in the near future. Since so little was known about the care needs of this group prior to this work, this book is largely descriptive in nature, and the authors intend for it to lay the groundwork for future work in this area. This is an important book for all gerontology, disability, and lifecourse collections.

This new study of American poetry views the poetics of Ezra Pound and his avant-garde followers in an entirely new light. Both Romanticism and Modernism have variously been seen as revolutionary or retrograde, narcissistic or self-abnegating. This interdisciplinary work looks past distinctions between schools and styles to reveal an unexpected link between poets spiritual aspirations, formal experiments, and political convictions. Along the way, it sheds light on the complex relationship between art and society. Beginning with a fresh reading of Emerson s elusive philosophy, the author identifies the tension between Romanticism and Liberalism as a source of Modernist poetics. Critics have dissected the eccentric forms of avant-garde American poetry but have never adequately explained its scrupulous avoidance of abstraction and elimination of the poet from the poem. Drawing extensively on classic and contemporary theory, this book reveals postwar poetics, particularly the epics Paterson and The Maximus Poems, as the fulfillment of a longstanding Romantic social vision, one which seeks to invest Liberal social structures with a transcendental core. This book is a valuable source for scholars with an interest in Emerson and Pound Studies, the intellectual traditions leading to Modernism, and the Objectivist and Black Mountain schools of American poetry.