Bücher veröffentlicht von College Publications

This volume contains selected papers presented by students atURC* 2010 (Undergraduate Research in Computer Science - Theory andApplications).The papers cover a wide range of topics, including algorithm design (inparticular, the design of heuristic algorithms for the maximum-leaf spanning tree problem, and the analysis of speed scaling algorithms), programming language design (in particular, language based security, the use of effect systems for automating model extraction, and results on adaptation languages using visual environments) and applications to ray tracing optical phenomena and pattern matching in MIDI ¿les.The URC* 2010 conference took place at King's College London, 24-26 March2010, in association with a Spring School on Information and Software Security.URC*2010 brought together undergraduate students, postgraduate students andleading scientists, with the goal of promoting research in computer science andinterdisciplinary topics amongst undergraduate students. By introducing students to new research results and techniques, it encouraged them to startconducting research and producing research results already during theirundergraduate studies.

En Paradojas, Paradojas y más Paradojas se analiza de modo claro y precisoun problema fundamental: ¿Qué es una paradoja y cuál es su importancia en lafilosofía contemporánea? El libro pone al alcance del lector no especializadouna selección de las paradojas más conocidas e inquietantes, y realiza unanálisis y discusión que permite que el lector pueda tener una comprensiónprofunda de ellas y de las alternativas que surgen frente a ellas. Las paradojasson un fenómeno multidisciplinario: la verdad, la racionalidad, elconocimiento, la justificación y el infinito son algunos de los conceptos que endiferentes campos del saber han sido afectados por ellas.

The novel use of symbolism in early modern mathematics poses both philosophical and historical questions. How can we trace its development and transmission through manuscript sources? Is it intrinsically related to the emergence of symbolic algebra? How does symbolism relate to the use of diagrams? What are the consequences of symbolic reasoning on our understanding of nature? Can a symbolic language enable new forms of reasoning? Does a universal symbolic language exists which enables us to express all knowledge?This book brings together a collection of papers that address all these and related questions ? which were initially posed on a conference held in Ghent (Belgium) in August 2009. Scholars working on philosophy of science, history of philosophy and history of mathematics provide an insight into the role and function of symbolic representations in the development of early modern mathematics. The papers cover the period from early abbaco arithmetic and algebra (14th century) up to Leibniz (early 18th century).

In this book we study the Deontic Logic of the Talmud. We find the system is different from the formal deontic logical system currently used in the general scientific community, both in its ethical aspects as well as in its legal aspects. We show that the Talmudic distinctions between Obligations and Prohibitions are not based on the manner of execution of actions (positive action or lack of action) and offer a suitable model for such distinctions.Our model distinguishes between the normative and practical aspects of the Talmudic legal and ethical argumentation and discusses several applications and clarifications to current so called paradoxes of Deontic Logic as related to Contrary to Duties and to legal and ethical practical decision making.

Logique Dynamique de la Fiction is a masterly piece of work and a substantial contribution to a disciplined understanding of human thought and discourse about the unreal. It is, in that very respect, a logic working at the very heart of les sciences humaines. M. Redmond's command of the literature - actually of the several literatures associated with each of the constituent parts of his synthesis - is not only substantial and comprehensive; it is also rather breath-taking. Equally impressive is the technical assurance displayed by the formal development of the constituent logics, and the virtuosity with which they are adapted to the purposes of his project. [...] On the other hand, I find myself rather captivated by the insight that the practices of fiction - its writing and its reading - possess an inherently dialogical structure, and with it, the idea that to get the semantics of fiction right it will be necessary to dynamize the underlying logic. John Woods Bien que la logique de la non - existence a été développée dès les débuts de la philosophie analytique, il a fallu attendre les travaux de John Woods en 1974, afin que les relations entre logique et littérature, notamment sur la question de la fictionalité, commencent à être considérées. Le développement de ces liens entre logique et littérature sera-t-il fructueux à la fois pour la philosophie de la logique, pour l'analyse philosophique de la littérature et, plus généralement, pour l'analyse de la fictionalité? C'est à cette question que le présent ouvrage propose d'apporter des éléments de réponse. Shahid Rahman

The Mathematics of the Models of Reference is a detailed exposition of the modeling of physical and informational reality pursued by iLabs Milan ( www.ilabs.it ), a private research lab in applied Artificial Intelligence. Based on an original approach to cellular automata theory, this book includes an array of axiomatic formal theories, ranging from a discrete, mereological model of the structure of space-time, to non-standard computation and recursion theory. The appendices to the volume explain the applications of the theory in the algorithmic recapture of a variety of physical, biological, and cognitive phenomena.Francesco BertoLogic & Formal Modeling @ iLabsPhD in Philosophy, has studied at the University of Notre Dame (Indiana, USA), at the Sorbonne-Ecole Normale Supérieure of Paris, and is currently lecturer at the University of Aberdeen. He has published various papers and monographs in ontology and the philosophy of logic.Gabriele RossiDirector of iLabs A.I. Department @ iLabsHas a degree in Economic and Social Disciplines at the Bocconi University in Milan and is CEO of Diagramma, a leading company in insurance software applications. Expert in Artificial Intelligence, in 2007 he has co-authored with Antonella Canonico the book Semi-Immortality, a manifesto of European transhumanism.Jacopo TagliabueChief Scientist for Qualitative Modeling @ iLabsA PhD student with a degree in Philosophy at the University San Raffaele of Milan, has studied Economics at LSE, Statistics at New York University, and Complex Systems at the Santa Fe Institute. He has published papers in ontology and non-standard computation.

Grigori Mints is one the most distinguished proof theorists ofour time. He has contributed significantly not only to thesubject in general but also to most of its applications.This collection of papers by a number of Mints' colleaguesworldwide are both a personal tribute and a testimony to hisbreadth and importance by dealing with all areas in whichMints has worked: from proof-theoretical reductions throughnon-classical logics and category theory to automatedtheorem proving and proof mining, i.e., the extraction ofmathematical information from formal proofs.The collection itself is significant for another reason: it bridgesthe two logical worlds in which Mints has worked, the world ofthe former Soviet Union and that of the West.

This Festschrift is published on the occasion of Gerhard Heinzmann's 60th birthday. Its title "Construction" refers to Heinzmann's philosophical options (intuitionism, dialogical pragmatism, constructivism), as well as to his exceptional involvement in the building of many scientific enterprises and new scientific institutions.Sixty authors contributed to the volume, and the gathered essays witness the various centers of interest and intellectual achievements of Heinzmann. They are organised in five sections: (1) Henri Poincare; (2) History and Philosophy of Mathematics; (3) History and Philosophy of Logic; (4) Pragmatism; and (5) Miscellaneous.

We analyse the Klal uPrat family of textual rules in the Talmud. We view them as common-sense practical rules for defining sets. Such methods do not exist in general common-sense logical systems, and they complement the existing common-sense (non-monotonic) deductive logics.

Homotopy is a basic discipline of mathematics having fundamental and various applications to important fields of mathematics. The Journal has a wide scope which ranges from homotopical algebra and algebraic number theory and functional analysis. Diverse algebraic, geometric, topological and categorical structures are closely related to homotopy and the influence of homotopy is found in many fundamental areas of mathematics such as general algebra, algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, category theory, differential geometry, computer science, K-theory, functional analysis, Galois theory ad in physical sciences as well. The J. Homotopy and Related Structures intends to develop its vision on the determining role of homotopy in mathematics. the aim of the Journal is to show the importance, merit and diversity of homotopy in mathematical sciences. The J. Homotopy and Related structures is primarily concerned with publishing carefully refereed significant and original research papers. However a limited number of carefully selected survey and expository papers are also included, and special issues devoted to Proceedings of meetings in the field as well as to Festschrifts.

From Leibniz, through Kant, Frege and the "Booleans" to Husserl, this book is offered as a contribution to the conceptual understanding of symbolic knowledge, the kind of knowledge obtained by means of symbols. Some traditionalproblems of logic, philosophy of formal sciences, epistemology, philosophy of language, metaphysics and philosophical methodology are also dealt with here; among them, problems concerning content and form, signs and representation,structural knowledge and isomorphism, language and calculus, and real and ideal elements. Despite its multiple authorship, the book has stylistic and thematic unity, and can be of interest to a potentially large philosophical audience.The authors teach in Brazilian and Argentinean universities, conducting their researches mainly in the philosophy of formal sciences.

Eis um livro-texto atualizado de teoria de modelos levando o leitor das primeiras defi nições até o teorema de Morley e as partes elementares dateoria da estabilidade. Além dos resultados padrão tais como os teoremas da compacidade e da omissão de tipos, o livro também descreve várias conexõescom a álgebra, incluindo o método de eliminação de quantifi cadores de Skolem-Tarski, modelocompletude, grupos de automorfi smos e omegacategoricidade,ultraprodutos, O-minimalidade e estruturas de posto de Morley finito. O materialsobre equivalências vai-e-vem, interpretações e leis zero-um pode servir como introdução a aplicações de teoria de modelos à ciência da computação. Cadacapítulo termina com um breve comentário sobre a literatura e sugestões de leitura adicional.

Os trabalhos aqui reunidos foram originalmente apresentados no XIII Colóquio Conesul de Filosofia das Ciências Formais Visualização, realizado 2008. Desde 1997, os Colóquios reúnem um grupo estável de pesquisadores de filosofia da lógica e da matemática do Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai, juntamente com convidados especiais de outros países.  O leitor encontrará nas páginas que seguem desde análises conceituais e/ou estudos históricos dos problemas envolvidos na representação diagramática até estudos técnicos de sistemas diagramáticos.Dedicamos esta obra ao Professor Emérito Oswaldo Chateaubriand Filho.

This book returns to the discussion in volume 1 on analogy and induction,and analyses their substance. The first part distinguishes between twokinds of logic: One kind based on union of the common features, and theother kind based on synthesis of different features. In the second part ofthe book we propose a formal scheme for synthesis of concepts. The thirdpart analyses various mechanisms for kidushin and kinyan, which form amathematical group.

The Association of Philosophy and History of Science in the South Cone (AFHIC) is a non-profit academic association, founded on May 5th, 2000, in Quilmes,Argentina, at the closing ceremony of the 2nd Meeting of Philosophy and History of Science in the South Cone. The creation of this Association was the result of the interest to deepen and strengthen the exchange between the researchers in Philosophy and History of Science from the countries of the South Cone, from the two first meetings that took place in Porto Alegre (Brazil, 1998) and Quilmes (Argentine, 2000) onwards. Since then, there have been biennial meetings organized as its responsibility.The main aim of AFHIC is to contribute to a better understanding of science from a philosophical as well as a historical point of view in the Spanish andPortuguese-speaking countries, especially in those which belong to the American South Cone, promoting a space for reflection, exchange, discussion, communication, and dissemination of such an understanding.This volume is - with minor changes - the English versionof Física: Estudos Filosófi cos e Históricos. It is composedof refereed and, in some cases, opportunely modifi edcontributions made by members of the Association ofPhilosophy and History of Science in the South Cone, someof them who are unfortunately no longer among us.Pablo LorenzanoDirector of AFHIC's Book Series

Cet ouvrage propose une interprétation non classique de la tradition scientifique arabe dont le statut a toujours posé un problème aux historiens des sciences. Tout ouvrage qui se veut être véritablement historique ne peut en effet se permettre de l'ignorer et pourtant les pages qui lui sont consacrées sont presque négligeables par rapport à la tradition qui la précède comme à celle qui lui succède. Et la conclusion à laquelle ils aboutissent c'est que son mérite est de préserver et de transmettre l'héritage grec aux européens, sans jamais se demander ce que signifie préserver ni transmettre. Ce traitementexpéditif fait de la tradition arabe un accident de l'histoire, au mieux une annexe de la tradition grecque évacuant ainsi l'une des questions fondamentales dont s'occupe l'historien, à savoir son timing : pourquoi faudrait-il attendre jusqu'au IXe siècle pour voir la science et la rationalité rayonner dans le monde ? Et il faudrait attendre la découverte des résultats révolutionnairesen astronomie, à partir de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, pour remettre profondément en cause cette attitude généralement adoptée à l'égard de la tradition arabe. Le résultat des recherches de ces dernières années contraste avec ce que nous ont toujours dit les historiens modernes : la tradition arabe s'est constituée en rupture avec la tradition grecque ; ce qui explique l'élan qu'a pris la science et sa rapide diffusion de l'orient à l'occident, une globalisation sans précédent du savoir qui a fait de l'arabe la première langue internationale dans l'histoire et assuré son développement presque ininterrompu depuis le IXe siècle. Le lecteur trouvera dans cet ouvrage quelques travaux qui ont permis de conduire à ce résultat, une interprétation non classique e la tradition scientifi que arabe qui remet en cause la périodisation classique en histoire des sciences. Signalons qu'on est encore à cheval entre les deux interprétations, classique et non classique, ce qui explique la variété desétudes et la diversité des analyses de leurs auteurs.

Cristiano Castelfranchi is one of the pioneers in the theory of goals and goal-directed behavior. His first seminal contributions date back to the 70s,and his work has provided invaluable insights on a variety of topics, such as the nature and functions of mental representations, the dynamics of belief andreasoning, the anatomy of emotions and motivations, power and dependence relationships, trust and delegation, communication, norms, organizations,institutions, and agent-based social simulation. Across all these areas, Castelfranchi's approach has been systematically problem-oriented and markedlyinterdisciplinary, achieving worldwide prominence in such diverse domains as cognitive psychology, social science, Artificial Intelligence, and philosophy of mind. What gave consistency and order to his bold and broad theorizing of the human mind and society is the view that, as he puts it in this volume, goals are the true center of cognition.This collection of essays to honor Castelfranchi's outstanding career reflects both his wide interests and their unifying focus. Over sixty leading scholars intheir respective fields offer comments, elaborations, extensions, and cogent criticisms of Castelfranchi's ideas, exploring their implications and often uncovering unexpected connections with other theories. This collection is then completed by a survey of decades of research on the theory of goals, authored byCastelfranchi himself. Thus the volume provides not only a fitting homage to Cristiano Castelfranchi, but also an invaluable reference to anyone interested in goal-directed behavior, at both the individual and the social level.

This volume of the Logica Yearbook series brings together articles presented at the annual international symposium Logica 2010, Hejnice, the Czech Republic. the articles range over mathematical and philosophical logic, history and philosophy of logic, and the analysis of natural language.

A first programming course should not be directed towards learninga particular programming language, but rather at learning to programwell; the programming language should get out of the way and servethis goal. The simple, powerful Racket language (related to Scheme)allows us to concentrate on the fundamental concepts and techniquesof computer programming, without being distracted by complex syntax.As a result, this book can be used at the high school (and perhapsmiddle school) level, while providing enough advanced concepts notusually found in a first course to challenge a college student.Those who have already done some programming (e.g. in Java, Python,or C++) will enhance their understanding of the fundamentals,un-learn some bad habits, and change the way they think aboutprogramming.We take a graphics-early approach: you'll start manipulating andcombining graphic images from Chapter 1 and writing event-drivenGUI programs from Chapter 6, even before seeing arithmetic. Wecontinue using graphics, GUI and game programming throughout tomotivate fundamental concepts. At the same time, we emphasize datatypes, testing, and a concrete, step-by-step process of problem-solving.After working through this book, you'll be prepared to learn otherprogramming languages and program well in them. Or, if this is thelast programming course you ever take, you'll understand many ofthe issues that affect the programs you use every day.I have been using Picturing Programs with my daughter, and there's no doubt that it's gentler than Htdp. It does exactly what Stephen claims, which is to move gradually from copy-and-change exercises to think-on-your-own exercises within each section. I also think it's nice that the "worked exercises" are clearly labeled as such. There's something psychologically appealing about the fact that you first see an example in the text of the book, and then a similar example is presented as if it were an exercise but they just happen to be giving away the answer. It is practically shouting out "Here's a model of how you go about solving this class of problems, pay close attention!"." Mark Engelberg"1. Matthias & team have done exceptional, highly impressive work with HtDP. The concepts are close to genius. (perhaps yes, genius quality work) They are a MUST for any high school offering serious introductory CS curriculum.2. Without Dr. Blochs book "Picturing Programs", I would not have successfully implemented these concepts (Dr. Scheme, Racket, Design Recipe etc) into an ordinary High School Classroom.Any high school instructor who struggles to find ways to bring these great HtDP ideas to the typical high schooler, should immediately investigate the Bloch book.Think of it as coating the castor oil with chocolate."Brett Penza

The contributors to this volume engage with issues of normativity within naturalised philosophy. The issues are critical to naturalism as most traditional notions in philosophy, such as knowledge, justification or representation, are said to involve normativity. Some of the contributors pursue the question of the correct place of normativity within a naturalised ontology, with emergentist and eliminativist answers offered on neighbouring pages. Others seek to justify particular norms within a naturalised framework, the more surprising ones including naturalist takes on the a priori and intuitions. Finally, yet others examine concrete examples of the application of norms within particular epistemic endeavours, such as psychopathology and design. The overall picture is that of an intimate engagement with issues of normativity on the part of naturalist philosophers - questioning some of the fundamentals at the same time as they try to work out many of the details.

Advances in Modal Logic is a unique international forum representing the latest results and new directions of research in Modal Logic broadly conceived. The topics dealt with are of interdisciplinary interest and range from mathematical, computational, and philosophical problems to applications in knowledge representation and formal linguistics.This volume contains invited and contributed papers from the eighth conference in the AiML series, held in Moscow, Russia, in August 2010. It reports on substantial advances, both in the foundations of modal logic and in a number of application areas. It includes papers on general problems in model theory, proof theory and algorithmic properties of modal logics, on systems for spatial, temporal and epistemic reasoning, on related kinds of logics - description, relevance, substructural, intuitionistic, and on related topics in algebraic logic.