Bücher veröffentlicht von CRC Press

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license. Funded by Linneaus University.It provides guidance on the design of timber buildings for fire safety, developed within the global network Fire Safe Use of Wood (FSUW) and with reference to Eurocode 5 and other international codes. It introduces the behaviour of fires in timber buildings and describes strategies for providing safety if unwanted fires occur. It provides guidance on building design to prevent any fires from spreading while maintaining the load-bearing capacity of structural timber elements, connections and compartmentation. Also included is information on the reaction-to-fire of wood products according to different classification systems, as well as active measures of fire protection, and quality of workmanship and inspection as means of fulfilling fire safety objectives.Presents global guidance on fire safety in timber buildingsProvides a wide perspective, covering the whole field of fire safety designUses the latest scientific knowledge, based on recent analytical and experimental research resultsGives practical examples illustrating the importance of good detailing in building designFire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings is ideal for all involved in the fire safety of buildings, including architects, engineers, firefighters, educators, regulatory authorities, insurance companies and professionals in the building industry.Feedback on this design guide is welcomed. A website for comments is available at www.fsuw.com.

Plants are autotrophs and sessile, while animals are heterotrophs and motile. Sessility has imposed on plants 94% hermaphroditism, 23% selfing, 3% polyploidization and 39% clonality, in comparison to < 5% herma-phroditism, < 1% selfing and 2% clonality in motile animals. Whereas plants consist of 374,000 species but 1,664 variety/species, animals comprise 1,543,196 species and 210 variety/species. Hence, plants have undergone variety diversity, while animals have species diversity. In animals and plants, the species ratio is reduced from 4.1 animals : 1.0 plant to 1.4 for pollinating animals : 1.0 pollinated plants. In pollination, animals are benefited dietarily but plants are cross pollinated, generating new gene combinations - the raw material for evolution and speciation. For the reduced species diversity in plants, reasons are traced to 90% hermaphroditism, ~ 23% selfing and 39% clonality. Clonality decreases from 100% in 6-7 tissue typed sponges and 3 tissue typed algae drastically to 0.7% in 60 tissue typed worms but gradually to ~ 23% in 60 tissued typed angiosperms. About 12-15, 5-8 and 77-80% of all animal and plant species are distributed in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats, respectively. Animals have conserved the 'right' sequence of gametogenesis but plants have gone through a 'wrong' sequence prior to settling with right one albeit with double fertilization in angiosperms. Both animals and plants are 80% male heterogametics. Only 0.5% of them can afford semelparity. While 20 and 57% angiosperms are perennial trees and herbs, annual herbs make up 23% only. In all of them, 85, > 19 and < 1% are pollinated by fast flying animals, wind and water, respectively. Increasing pollen load enhances fruit- and seed-set. In contrast to animals, the life cycle of plants is direct but complicated. Unlike animals, plants have greatly contributed to weathering of rocks and the atmospheric gas composition during the geological past. From dormant spores and seeds of plants, life can be restored after thousands of years.

Organizations need to stay competitive and transition from a linear make-use-dispose supply chain model to a sustainable one. This book covers techniques and basic principles, historical developments and recent issues facing the adoption of a circular supply chain model.The Circular Supply Chain: Basic Principles and Techniques presents the key principles and techniques for the effective integration of a circular economy into supply chains. It discusses sustainability, digitization and the application of blockchain to enhance operations within the realm of Industry 4.0. Principles to assist managers in effectively adopting circularity business models for sustainability improvements are provided, along with the historical background, so the reader can have a better understanding for implementation. Case studies and reading comprehension questions are also offered to help with the effective integration of a circular economy into supply chains.This book is written to assist students, practicing engineers and business professionals that work in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, supply chain management, and with advanced technologies associated with Industry 4.0, sustainability, blockchain and digitalization integration techniques of circular supply chains.

This book focuses on latent heat storage, which is one of the most efficient ways of storing thermal energy. Unlike the sensible heat storage method, the latent heat storage method provides much higher storage density with a smaller difference between storing and releasing temperatures.Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Change Materials is structured into four chapters that cover many aspects of thermal energy storage and their practical applications. Chapter 1 reviews selection, performance, and applications of phase change materials. Chapter 2 investigates mathematical analyses of phase change processes. Chapters 3 and 4 present passive and active applications for energy saving, peak load shifting, and price-based control heating using phase change materials.These chapters explore the hot topic of energy saving in an overarching way, and so they are relevant to all courses. This book is an ideal research reference for students at the postgraduate level. It also serves as a useful reference for electrical, mechanical, and chemical engineers and students throughout their work.FEATURESExplains the technical principles of thermal energy storage, including materials and applications in different classificationsProvides fundamental calculations of heat transfer with phase changeDiscusses the benefits and limitations of different types of phase change materials (PCM) in both micro- and macroencapsulationsReviews the mechanisms and applications of available thermal energy storage systemsIntroduces innovative solutions in hot and cold storage applications

This third volume of the handbook presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of petrodiesel fuels. Following the substantial public concerns on the adverse impact of the emissions from petrodiesel fuels on the environment and human health, the research has intensified in the areas related to the reduction of these adverse effects. Thus, bioremediation of spills from crude oils and petrodiesel fuels at sea and soils as well as desulfurization of petrodiesel fuels have emerged as publicly important research areas. Similarly, the emissions from diesel fuel exhausts, due to their adverse effects on both human health and environment, have been researched more in recent years. These emissions cover particulate emissions, aerosol emissions, and NOx emissions. Research on the adverse impact of petrodiesel fuel exhaust emissions on human health has primarily progressed along the lines of respiratory illnesses, cancer, and other illnesses, such as cardiovascular illnesses, brain illnesses, and reproductive system illnesses, through human, animal, and in vitro studies. It is clear that these illnesses caused by the petrodiesel fuel exhaust emissions have been one of the most significant reasons to develop alternative biodiesel fuels. Part IX presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of crude oils covering major research fronts. It covers crude oil spills in general, crude oil spills and their cleanup, properties and removal of crude oils, biodegradation of crude oil-contaminated soils, and crude oil recovery besides an overview paper.Part X presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of petrodiesel fuels in general covering major research fronts. It covers combustion of biodiesel fuels in diesel engines, bioremediation of biodiesel fuel-contaminated soils, biodiesel power generation, and desulfurization of diesel fuels besides an overview paper.Part XI presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of emissions from petrodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers diesel emission mitigation, diesel particulate emissions, and diesel NOx emissions, besides an overview paper.Part XII presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of the health impact of the emissions from petrodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers respiratory illnesses, cancer, cardiovascular, brain, and reproductive system illnesses, besides an overview paper.This book will be useful to academics and professionals in the fields of Energy Fuels, Public Environmental Occupational Health, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Immunology, Respiratory System, Allergy, and Oncology.Ozcan Konur is both a materials scientist and social scientist by training. He has published around 200 journal papers, book chapters, and conference papers. He has focused on the bioenergy and biofuels in recent years. In 2018, he edited Bioenergy and Biofuels, which brought together the work of over 30 experts in their respective field. He also edited the Handbook of Algal Science, Technology, and Medicine with a strong section on the algal biofuels in 2020.

Continuing in the steps of its predecessors, the fourth edition of Practical Holography provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date resource available. Focused on practical techniques in holography at all levels, it avoids any unnecessary mathematical theory.Features of the Fourth EditionHighlights new information on color holograms, sensitive m

This book is an introduction to cancer treatment, the basics of radio- and chemotherapy, drug actions, the eradication of cancer cells, and the origins and persistence of pharmacological and toxicological effects of drugs. It further provides ideas for research based on knowledge of cancer metastasis, invasive and molecular pathways, and diagnosis and treatment. Many of the adaptive features of cancer biology, clinical features, pathology and treatment are reviewed. In addition to introducing the major themes and theories, the book also advances the current discussion by moving beyond explanations for clinical implementation. Key Selling Features:Reviews basic cancer treatmentsSummarizes chemotherapiesDiscusses radiotherapiesExamines pharmacological and toxicological approaches to treatment Introduces oncological drug development

This book presents lectures and seminars given at a Summer School, organized by the International College of Applied Physics, on the physics and technology and the industrial applications of high-power gas lasers.