Bücher veröffentlicht von De Gruyter Mouton

This book examines emblems (or emblematic gestures) from a pragmatic view, that is to say, as autonomous gestures that fulfill communicative functions, embody illocutionary values, and act as signals of cognitive relevance. Emblems are conceived as multimodal tools on the frontier between verbal and nonverbal modes, and are part of the communicative repertoire of individuals and sociocultural groups. Emblems constitute clear cases of embodiment and are susceptible to many processes of metaphorization (contrasting or not with verbal metaphors), metonymy, and interference between modalities. The applications of emblematic analysis are numerous, from lexicography to second language learning, or to natural language processing.

Frontmatter -- ??-????? -- ???????- Cë??ë? -- Cë?lë-??? -- ????-???? -- ??????-?????? -- ???j??i?- ?? -- ??i??-??l -- ??li??ä- ?ÿ??i??i? -- Alphabetisches Verzeichniss

Frontmatter -- Ja- ja?????? -- Jama?-?ai?a -- H -- P -- ?, L -- T? - Ta??? -- Ta??? - Tim -- Tim - t????? -- ? -- ? -- ?????????? ????????? / Alphabetisches Verzeichniss

Frontmatter -- Preface -- Contents -- I. Introduction -- II. The Development of the Nien -- III. The Nien Organization and Leadership -- IV. Relations of the Nien with Other Rebels -- V. A History of the Nien Movement and Its Suppression -- VI. The Weapons of the Nien Army and Their Guerrilla Tactics -- VII. Causes of the Prolonged War against the Nien Army -- VIII. Conclusion: The Effect of the Nien Rebellion on the Fate of the Manchu Dynasty -- Bibliography -- Index

Frontmatter -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Articles -- Head operations and strata in reduplication: a linear treatment -- A descriptive gap in morphology -- The external syntax of derived words: evidence from Dutch -- On the morphological parallelism between compounds and constructs -- Some implications of phonologically conditioned suppletion -- 'Word syntax' and semantic principles -- Head-types in morpho-syntax -- On the role of semantics in productivity change -- Towards a theory of blocking: the case of Italian and German quality nouns -- Compound syntax and head movement -- The notion of 'head' in morphology -- Morphological heads: evidence from Swahili -- Review Article -- Morphological and syntactic objects: a review of Di Sciullo and Williams' On the definition of word -- Book Reviews -- Review of J. Boase-Beier, Poetic Compound Formation in English -- Review of R.P. Botha, Form and Meaning in Word Formation: A Study of Afrikaans Reduplication -- Review of J. Aitchison, Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon -- Review of J. Hoeksema, Categorial Morphology -- Book notices -- Publications received -- Notes to contributors

Frontmatter -- Note sur la translitération -- Avant-propos -- Première Partie. Un Espace Conçu et Vécu -- Chapitre I. Un caturvedima?gala sur les bords de la Tambraparni -- Chapitre II. Le temps du monde, le temps de l'homme dans le cycle annuel -- Deuxième Partie. Les Dieux et les Démons -- Chapitre III. Le «bon gouvernement» cittir? paurnami au temple de Siva -- Chapitre IV. Territoire et kula pankuNi uttaram et Sasta -- Chapitre V. Localité et po?kal Le kotai de la Déesse -- CHAPITRE VI. Subordination et sacrifice Les dieux-pèy leur culte -- Récapitulation. Fonctions divines, fonctions sociales La possession du monde -- Annexe 1 -- Annexe 2 -- Annexe 3 -- Annexe 4 -- Bibliographie -- Index 1 -- Index 2 -- Index 3

The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert

Frontmatter -- Editor's Preface -- Authors' Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. The Concept 'Mathematical Linguistics' (Preliminary Remarks) -- 2. Formal Grammars -- 3. Glasses of Generative Grammars -- 4. Generative Grammars and Natural Languages -- 5. On Some Formal Properties of Generative Grammars -- 6. Some Other Notions and Problems of Mathematical Linguistics -- Conclusion -- Appendix: A Synopsis of Mathematical Results -- Bibliography -- Supplement

Frontmatter -- Vorrede zur ersten Ausgabe -- Einleitung -- Fingal -- Cath Lodun -- Conluch und Cuthon -- Verzeichnis sämtlicher im ersten Bande vorkommender Eigennamen, deren Aussprache vom Deutschen abweicht -- Front Matter 2 -- Temora -- Oinamorul -- Golnadona -- Croma -- Calthon und Colmala -- Verzeichniß sämmtlicher im zweiten Bande vorkommender Eigennamen, deren Aussprache vom Deutschen abweicht -- Front Matter 3 -- Carthon -- Comala -- Carrig-thura -- Lalhmon -- Oithona -- Der Krieg mit Caros -- Cathlin von Clutha -- Sulmalla von Lumon -- Der Krieg von Innsthona -- Die Lieder von Selma -- Cuchullin's Tod -- Darbul -- Die Schlacht von Lora -- Barthona -- Verzeichniß sämmtlicher im dritten Bande vorkommender Eigennamen, deren Aussprache vom Deutschen abweicht

The Contributions to the Sociology of Language series features publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It addresses the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches ¿ theoretical and empirical ¿ supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of scholars interested in language in society from a broad range of disciplines ¿ anthropology, education, history, linguistics, political science, and sociology. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Natalie Fecher.

Dynamic language practices of African multilingual speakers have not been cogently described in a book-length manuscript. This book challenges assumptions that led to South Africa's 11 official languages and makes a case for mutual inter-comprehensibility. Students, teachers, and scholars in sociolinguistics, multilingualism, translanguaging, and teacher education will find this book thought-provoking.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of endangered languages with a global coverage. It features such well-known specialists as Michael Krauss, Willem F. H. Adelaar, Denny Moore, Colette Grinevald, Akira Yamamoto, Roger Blench, Bruce Connell, Tapani Salminen, Olga Kazakevich, Aleksandr Kibrik, Jonathan Owens, David Bradley, George van Driem, Nicholas Evans, Stephen A. Wurm, Darrell Tryon and Matthias Brenzinger. The contributions are unique in analysing the present extent and the various kinds of language endangerment by applying shared general indicators for the assessment of language endangerment. Apart from presenting the specific situations of language endangerment at the sub-continental level, the volume discusses major issues that bear universally on language endangerment. The actual study of endangered languages is carefully examined, for example, against the ethics and pragmatics of fieldwork. Practical aspects of community involvement in language documentation are discussed, such as the setting up of local archives and the training of local linguists. Numerous case studies illustrate different language shift environments with specific replacing factors, such as colonial and religious conquests, migrations and governmental language education. The book is of interest to students and scholars of linguistics with particularfocus on endangered languages (and their documentation), typology, and sociolinguistics as well as to anthropologists and language activists.

The papers in this volume deal with the issue of how corpus data relate to the questions that cognitive linguists have typically investigated with respect to conceptual mappings. The authors in this volume investigate a wide range of issues- the coherence and function of particular metaphorical models, the interaction of form and meaning, the identification of source domains of metaphorical expressions, the relationship between metaphor and discourse, the priming of metaphors, and the historical development of metaphors. The studies deal with a variety of metaphorical and metonymic source and target domains, including the source domains SPACE, ANIMALS, BODY PARTS, ORGANIZATIONS and WAR, and the target domains VERBAL ACTIVITY, ECONOMY, EMOTIONS and POLITICS. In their studies, the authors present a variety of corpus-linguistic methods for the investigation of conceptual mappings, for example, corpora annotated for semantic categories, concordances of individual source-domain items and patterns, and concordances of target-domain items. In sum, the papers in this volume show how a wide range of corpus-linguistic methods can be used to investigate a variety of issues in cognitive linguistics; the combination of corpus methods with a cognitive-linguistic view of metaphor and metonymy yields new answers to old questions (and to new questions) about the relationship between language as a conceptual phenomenon and language as a textual phenomenon.

The Spanish language is spoken by an estimated 477 million people worldwide. This volume focuses on the contact between Spanish and other language varieties, including Catalan, Portuguese and Galician in the Spanish Peninsula. The book explores the characteristics of such language contact situations from structural, developmental, societal and cognitive perspectives.

The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert

Children who grow up as second- or third-generation immigrants typically acquire and speak the minority language at home and the majority language at school. Recurrently, these children have been the subject of controversial debates about their linguistic abilities in relation to their educational success. However, such debates fail to recognise that variation in bilinguals' language processing is a phenomenon in its own right that results from the dynamic influence of one language on another. This volume provides insight into cross-linguistic influence in Turkish-German and Turkish-French bilingual children and uncovers the nature of variation in L1 and L2 oral motion event descriptions by evaluating the impact of language-specific patterns and language dominance.The results indicate that next to typological differences between the speakers' L1 and L2, language dominance has an impact on the type and direction of influence. However, the author argues that most variation can be explained by L1/L2 usage preferences. Bilinguals make frequent use of patterns that exist in both languages, but are unequally preferred by monolingual speakers. This finding underlines the importance of usage-based approaches in SLA.

Während für das Französische und Spanische gleich mehrere aktuelle Einführungen in die Phonetik und Phonologie auf Deutsch vorliegen, klafft für das Italienische hier eindeutig eine Lücke, welche durch das vorliegende, auf dem neuesten Stand der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis stehende Werk endlich geschlossen wird. Das Arbeitsheft führt zunächst in die Teilgebiete der perzeptiven, akustischen und artikulatorischen Phonetik ein und behandelt insbesondere die für die Klassifikation der Sprachlaute grundlegenden Kategorien. Die daran anschließende Einleitung in die Phonologie orientiert sich im Wesentlichen an den für die Sprachbeschreibung immer noch unabdingbaren strukturalistischen Grundbegriffen (wie Phonem, Allophon, usw.), behandelt aber auch neuere Ansätze. Das theoretische Rüstzeug dient hauptsächlich einer detaillierten Darstellung der Lautstrukturen des Gegenwartsitalienischen und seiner regionalen Varietäten. Von praktischer Relevanz sind insbesondere die Kapitel zum Verhältnis von Laut und Schrift und zu Ausspracheschwierigkeiten für deutschsprachige Lernende.

Cognitive pragmatics is a mature field of research, characterized by robust theories and a growing amount of experimental work. In particular, Relevance Theory has provided a rich framework for research in the field. However, this theory makes a number of assumptions that are rooted in a modular view of cognition. This book provides a detailed analysis of such assumptions, arguing for an alternative model which has, however, some support in ideas explored by relevance theorists. First of all, inferences are explained in terms of associative pattern completion within associative networks, based on the schematic organization of memory. This explanation is shown to apply to a number of cognitive domains besides pragmatics, including mindreading. Moreover, such a view is compatible with a general understanding of the neurocomputational machinery of our cortex, suggesting a general argument to the effect that modularity in its standard version cannot be right. Second, the book argues for a crucial role of conscious attention in pragmatics as well as in most cognitive processes. In the end, what is proposed is not only a revision of Relevance Theory but also a fresh analysis of reasoning, which vindicates some Gricean intuitions.

Counterfactual thinking is a universal cognitive process in which reality is compared to an imagined view of what might have been. This type of reasoning is at the center of daily operations, as decision-making, risk preventability or blame assignment. More generally, non-factual scenarios have been defined as a crucial ingredient of desire and modern love. If the areas covered by this reasoning are so varied, the L2 learner will be led to express 'what might have been' at some point of her acquisitional itinerary. How is this reasoning expressed in French, Spanish and Italian? By the use of what lexical, syntactic and grammatical devices? Will the learner combine these devices as the native French speakers do? What are the L1 features likely to fossilize in the L2 grammar? What are the information principles governing a communicative task based on the production of counterfactual scenarios? These are some of the questions addressed by the present volume.

Hitherto, there has been no book that attempted to sum up the breadth of Umberto Ecös work and it importance for the study of semiotics, communication and cognition. There have been anthologies and overviews of Ecös work within Eco Studies; sometimes, works in semiotics have used aspects of Ecös work. Yet, thus far, there has been no overview of the work of Eco in the breadth of semiotics. This volume is a contribution to both semiotics and Eco studies. The 40 scholars who participate in the volume come from a variety of disciplines but have all chosen to work with a favorite quotation from Eco that they find particularly illustrative of the issues that his work raises. Some of the scholars have worked exegetically placing the quotation within a tradition, others have determined the (epistemic) value of the quotation and offered a critique, while still others have seen the quotation as a starting point for conceptual developments within a field of application. However, each article within this volume points toward the relevance of Eco -- for contemporary studies concerning semiotics, communication and cognition.

This reference work addresses a long-standing need in the study of a class of lexis which attracts attention from scholars and the general public alike. Based on years of extensive research, the dictionary presents a satisfying collection of the varieties of rhyming slang found in and around English-speaking communities worldwide. It covers all forms of rhyming slang in the anglophone world by users from differing social groups and walks of life: criminals, musicians, anglers, second-hand car dealers and sheep-shearers, among many others. Besides ordinary lexical items, this work also lists nicknames and one-off expressions found in culturally valued works, from the fields of literary fiction, poetry, comics, TV and radio series, and films. Each entry is accompanied by chronologically ordered citations from a wide variety of sources (printed and otherwise) showing a word's life and currency. The scope, size and approach of this significant compilation, supported by a substantial bibliography, make it an indispensable work of reference for anyone with an interest in English slang and a key starting point for future research on the origins, social history and development of this fascinating area of the English lexicon.

Since the recent creation of a large-scale corpus of Italian Sign Language (LIS), a new research branch has been established to study the sociolinguistic variation characterizing this language in various linguistic domains. However, for nominal modification, the role of language-internal variation remains uncertain. This volume represents the first attempt to investigate sign order variability in this domain, examining what shapes the syntactic structure of LIS nominal expressions. In particular, three empirical studies are presented and discussed: the first two are corpus studies investigating the distribution and duration of nominal modifiers, while the third deals with the syntactic behavior of cardinal numerals, an unexplored area. In this enterprise, three different theoretical dimensions of inquiry are innovatively combined: linguistic typology, generative linguistics, and sociolinguistics. The research setup involves both quantitative and qualitative data. This mixed approach starts from corpus data to present the phenomenon, examine linguistic facts on a large scale, and draw questions from these, and then looks at elicited and judgment-based data to provide valid insights and refine the analysis. Crucially, the combination of different methods contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms driving nominal modification in LIS and its internal variation.

In legal interpretation, where does meaning come from? Law is made from language, yet law, unlike other language-related disciplines, has not so far experienced its "pragmatic turn" towards inference and the construction of meaning. This book investigates to what extent a pragmatically based view of l linguistic and legal interpretation can lead to new theoretical views for law and, in addition, to practical consequences in legal decision-making.With its traditional emphasis on ?the letter of the law? and the immutable stability of a text as legal foundation, law has been slow to take the pragmatic perspective: namely, the language-user?'s experience and activity in making meaning. More accustomed to literal than to pragmatic notions of meaning, that is, ?in? the text rather than constructed by speakers and hearers ? the disciplines of law may be culturally resistant to the pragmatic turn. By bringing together the different but complementary perspectives of pragmaticians and lawyers, this book addresses the issue of to what extent legal meaning can be productively analysed as deriving from resources beyond the text, ? beyond the letter of the law.This collection re-visits the feasibility of the notion of literal meaning for legal interpretation and, at the same time, the feasibility of pragmatic meaning for law. Can explications of pragmatic meaning support court actions in the same way concepts of literal meaning have traditionally supported statutory interpretations and court judgements? What are the consequences of a user-based view of language for the law, in both its practices of interpretation and its definition of itself as a field? Readers will find in this collection means of approaching such questions, and promising routes for inquiry into the genre- and field-specific characteristics of inference in law.In many respects, the problem of literal vs. pragmatic? meaning confined to the text vs. reaching beyond it ? will appear to parallel the dichotomy in law between textualism and intentionalism. There are indeed illuminating connections between the pair of linguistic terms and the more publicly controversial legal ones. But the parallel is not exact, and the linguistic dichotomy is in any case anterior to the legal one. Even as linguistic-pragmatic investigation may serve legal domains, the legal questions themselves point back to central conditions of all linguistic meaning.

Displacement is a fundamental property of human language, and the restrictions on displacement have been a central concern in generative grammar ever since Ross' (1967) ground-breaking observations of island constraints. While island phenomena have been investigated in detail from various perspectives, a different domain, the domain of Freezing, originally defined in terms of non-base structures, has received far less attention. This volume brings together papers that address the questions of: What are the different concepts of Freezing? Which empirical domains can they explain? Is Freezing a core-syntactic restriction or does information structure, or processing play a role? The collection of papers provides insights into the empirical basis of the Freezing Principle in relation to other restrictions on extraction in order to contribute to a broader understanding of the nature of restrictions on displacement in language. The overall goal of the volume is a reconsideration of Freezing and other (sub-)extraction phenomena, both from a theoretical and empirical perspective, by bringing together contributions from experts in the field to discuss and broaden our knowledge of the empirical range of Freezing phenomena as well as their explanation.