Bücher veröffentlicht von Duncker & Humblot GmbH

»Procedural Climate Protection. >Climate< as a Protected Good in Environmental Impact Assessment«: The procedural concept of environmental impact assessment has existed today for over 30 years. Against the background of current challenges, the author turns to the question of the extent to which environmental impact assessment can be made fruitful for global climate protection. The author shows that global climate is part of the task profile of an environmental impact assessment. Based on the practical difficulties identified, the author recommends the use of the scope model to operationalise the legal obligations.

»Thresholds in the Multi-Level System of European Electoral Law«: After the German Federal Constitutional Court declared first the 5%- and then the 3%-threshold of the national electoral law for the European elections unconstitutional in two controversial rulings from 2011 and 2014, the European elections in Germany take place without such a provision. In light of a European initiative to introduce a binding threshold through EU law the study analyzes the requirements that exist for the introduction of thresholds in the multi-level system of European electoral law.

»The Legal Status of Minor Children in Family Court Proceedings between Participation and Representation. A Comparative Legal Study between German and Swiss Law, Particulary Concerning Process Ability«: Focusing on § 9 FamFG, the legal position of minors in family court proceedings in German law is examined. The author argues, based on a comparison with Swiss law, for a change in the law that breaks away from age limits and focuses on individual abilities. The dissertation shows which regulatory options are already available under German law. Findings from the perspectives of developmental psychology and sociology are presented and suggestions for further research are made.

»Pretrial Detention because of the Seriousness of the Offense in German and Serbian Criminal Procedure Law«: In Germany as well as in Serbia, a suspect can be taken into pretrial detention if he is suspected of a serious crime listed in the statute, even if no other reasons exist for keeping him in custody. The author compares the relevant provisions in both countries and concludes that pretrial detention to prevent an uproar in the population can be justified in Serbia but not in Germany. The difference she perceives is due to the difference between historical and cultural conditions in both countries.

»Lawful Alternative Conduct in Directors' and Officers' Liability Law«: Using the example of disregarded consent requirements, the study examines the question of whether and in what form the objection of lawful alternative conduct is admissible in directors' and officers' liability in the case of violations of the internal procedural and competence order of stock corporations. In addition, it is examined under which procedural framework the objection of lawful alternative conduct falls, which ways of providing evidence come into consideration and which are promising.

»An Update for the Core Area of Private Life. The Risk of Creating Psychological Profiles in Criminal Online Searches«: According to the warnings, online searches are associated with the dangers of all-round surveillance, total surveillance and the creation of psychological profiles. But what lies behind this investigative measure? What are the actual dangers of online searches? What do they implicate for us and how should we react to them? All these questions will be examined and clarified in this thesis. In doing so, it explains which legislative changes need to be made to meet constitutional and European legal requirements.

»Dental Licensing Law. Constitutional, Administrative and European Law Foundations and Perspectives«: A comprehensive, up-to-date presentation of dental licensing law in Germany. In addition, the historical process of professionalization of the dental profession - reviewed in the European context - is presented. The author describes the requirements for the granting of the license to practice medicine. Furthermore, he analyses its revocation, suspension order or withdrawal, as well as the professional law and professional court procedures. The book promises to become a fundamental work.

»Motivational Offenses. A German-French Criminal Law Comparison«: This comparative criminal law dissertation analyses the group of offences in German and French law which criminalise certain expressions considered to be at risk of promoting crime: the so-called motivational offences. This work further, offers an in-depth analysis of the relevant fundamental questions of criminalisation in the preparatory phase of the commission of crimes and has led to new and convincing insights into the dogmatic and constitutional limits of motivational offences.

»Philosophy of Religion in and after Classical German Philosophy«: The term »philosophy of religion« has only been in use since the end of the 18th century, and the deepening of the philosophy of religion is closely related to the beginning of classical German philosophy. This anthology therefore deals with the insights into the philosophy of religion at the time of classical German philosophy, i.e. with the concepts of Kant, Fichte, Jacobi, Schleiermacher, Schelling, Hegel, the Left and Right Hegelians as well as Marx and Kierkegaard.

»Privatisation and Private Ownership in the Prison System and the Forensic Psychiatric System. A Constitutional Examination of Privatisation Models in Germany«: The thesis examines the constitutional requirements for privatisation in the prison system and the forensic psychiatric system and evaluates the privatisation models in Germany. The constitutional requirements and limits for privatisation, both in general and specifically for this area, are examined and concretised. The evaluation of the existing privatisation models shows that the constitutional requirements are only fully met in a few cases.

»Safeguarding the Union of Values. Options for Action for the European Union to Protect the Common Values of Art. 2 TEU«: The formation of autocratic governments in EU member states poses the question how the Union can react. This thesis analyzes the preventive and repressive options for action. It shows that the existing procedures have deficiencies and that the EU's power to create new ones is limited. Nevertheless, the author shows small rooms of improvement within the existing treaties.

»The Violation of Maintenance Obligation According to Section 170 I StGB. Legitimacy Problems of Criminal Liability in the Context of Accessoriness of Civil Law, Competence of Preliminary Questionings and Problematic Legal Consequences - also a Contribution to the Usability of Tax Data«: The study deals with the legal interest that is protected by section 170 I of the Criminal Code and the thereby related legitimacy of a penalty. Furthermore the binding effect of civil court decisions as well as concrete consequences of criminal liability are adressed. In addition, the existing investigative instruments for determining the maintenance debtor's ability to pay are discussed and a possible use of tax data in proceedings according to section 170 I StGB is proposed de lege ferenda.

This paper examines the statutory audit of cooperatives (»die genossenschaftliche Pflichtprüfung«). First, it investigates the fundamental functions and necessity of a specifical cooperative statutory audit pursuant to sections 53 et seq. GenG. Building on this, the work examines how the cooperative statutory audit system should be structured in terms of functional and organizational law.

»Total Asset Transactions in Corporate Law«: Section 179a of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) imposes a system-alien restriction on the principle of unlimited and unrestricted power of representation applicable to commercial companies for transactions involving the entire assets of a stock corporation. In 1995, the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) extended the scope of application of the norm to include partnership law. This study proves that there is no need for such a cross-legal form of recourse to Section 179a AktG.

»Liability for Intelligent Medical Devices«: The author examines liability risks when using AI-based medical devices. For this purpose, she first analyses the manufacturer's obligations with reference to the European Union Medical Device Regulation. Then she elaborates the medical doctor's duties when using conventional medical devices. On this basis she develops a list of obligations for the use of self-learning medical devices. Finally, the author deals with the draft of the AI Liability Directive published by the European Commission.

»Tax Procedural Internum of the Taxpayer? Scope of the Taxpayer's Obligation to Cooperate with Regard to Internal Tax Documents Prepared Without Legal Obligation«: In principle, the tax authority has to determine the tax-relevant facts of each individual taxpayer. However, the respective information relevant for taxation regularly materializes in the sphere of the taxpayer, which is why he is obliged to cooperate. The thesis examines the extent to which the tax authorities can demand the submission of internal tax documents from the taxpayer that have been prepared without a legal obligation. For this purpose, it develops the institute of the tax procedural internum, which, as a movable system, leads under certain circumstances to the restriction of the taxpayer's obligation to submit documents.

»Mutual Trust as a General Principle of EU Law«: The thesis seeks a dogmatic clarification of mutual trust as a general principle of EU law which applies in any area that is subject to EU law. It also sheds light on the challenges that trust-based cooperation is confronted with in light of the so-called »polycrisis« of the Union and points out approaches to stabilize trust-based cooperation even in times of crisis.

Real estate agents are bound to grant consumers a right of cancellation when concluding an online brokerage contract. Consumers thereby can release themselves from the obligation to pay commission in individual cases, even if they conclude the purchase contract. Against this background, the doctorate deals with numerous useful problems and, as a result, advocates a shift away from the obligation to provide information about the right of cancellation when concluding the online brokerage contract.

»The Development of the Concept of Customs Duties in European customs Legislation«: The concept of customs duties is an essential component of European customs legislation. However, there is as yet no uniform definition of the term »customs duties« in the primary or secondary law of the European Union, in the case law of the European Court of Justice, or in the literature. In this context, this thesis examines possible characteristics of the term and the reasons for imposing customs duties. In the process, it considers whether the substantive and procedural provisions of the Union Customs Code are characterized by the »economic concept of customs duties«.

»General Face Veil Bans in France and Europe. An Examination of Human Rights Law, Dogma and Legal Policy, Taking into Account ECtHR Jurisprudence and the >Minimum Requirements for Living Together

»Mass Dismissal Law and Special Protection against Dismissal. A Dogmatic Analysis on the Inclusion of Employees with Special Protection against Dismissal in Mass Dismissal Proceedings«: Since the paradigm shift brought about by the junk case law, mass dismissal law has offered considerable need for discussion. This is intensified by the requirements of constitutional and european law. Against this background, this paper deals with the dogmatic relationship between national and european mass dismissal law on the basis of the question of whether an expanded concept of dismissal is to be applied to employees with special protection against dismissal in conformity with the constitution.

»Data Access in the Context of the Prohibition of Abuse of Market Power«: Due to the enormous increase in the importance of data, this thesis examines antitrust claims for access to third party data. Initially, the requirements of the essential facilities doctrine are examined and applied to data. Subsequently, an examination of the requirements and potential applications of the specific access claim under Section 20 (1a) ARC follows, before possible forms of access are considered.

»The Analogous Application of Section 305c (2) BGB to the Interpretation of Automated Declarations of Intent«: According to various renowned commentaries on the German Civil Code, the principle that ambiguities are to be borne by the user of general terms and conditions (Section 305c (2) BGB) should also apply to automated declarations of intent. The extent to which this view deserves approval is questioned, taking into account findings from the legal history of the ambiguity rule, but also with recourse to legal economics and comparative law, and then it is explored whether this intention actually deserves legal approval.

»Sales Law Remedies for Smart Products. Technical-economic Concepts, Contract Typology, Material Defect and Provison for Cure«: The modified German Sales Law (2022) establishes smart products as an integral part of the new, digitalized contract law. This thesis analyzes what constitutes the subject-matter when it comes to purchasing such IT-enriched goods taking into account current economic concepts of smart products. The author shows an approach on how to assign smart products to a contract of purchase for things without being limited to consumer sales contracts.

»Destruction and Loss in Value of Private Assets as a Loss on Disposal«: Gains and losses on disposal of private assets are subject to taxation if the requirements of § 17, § 20 (2) or § 23 of the Income Tax Act are met. According to the recent jurisdiction of the Federal Fiscal Court, § 20 (2) also taxes the loss in value of a share. Due to this development, the thesis examines whether the loss in value or destruction of private assets - for example the burning of a painting - results in a taxable loss.

»Referendums on Territorial Affiliation with Special Reference to the Referendums after the First World War«: Volume 36 of the Study Group on Politics and International Law is devoted to referendums on territorial affiliation with special reference to referendums after the First World War. In addition to general remarks on territorial referendums, a review of the numerous border referendums in Germany and Austria is given. Furthermore, referendums in the Italian states before unification, in Ukraine and in West Papua are discussed.

In Baunachbarklagen wurde in den letzten Jahren nicht selten ein »spezieller Gebietsprägungserhaltungsanspruch« oder ein »Anspruch auf Aufrechterhaltung der typischen Prägung eines Baugebiets« geltend gemacht. Hinter dieser Annahme einer besonderen Form des Gebietserhaltungsanspruchs steht der Versuch, gebietsbezogenen Drittschutz auszuweiten. Nachbarn soll die Abwehr solcher Vorhaben erleichtert werden, die nach den Artfestsetzungen zwar zulässig sind, aber das Baugebiet in seiner Gesamtheit gefährden. Das Meinungsbild zu einer solchen Erweiterung gebietsbezogenen Drittschutzes ist diffus.In dieser Arbeit werden die verschiedenen Ansätze für einen »besonderen Gebietserhaltungsanspruch« ihren objektiv-rechtlichen Grundlagen zugeordnet und ihr dogmatischer Hintergrund hinterfragt. Das führt zu der Erkenntnis, dass es weder begrifflich der Abgrenzung einer besonderen Form des Gebietserhaltungsanspruchs bedarf noch die Erweiterung seines Anwendungsbereiches begründbar ist.

»The Living Will. A Critical Analysis of the Legal Regulation with Special Consideration of the Federal Court of Justice's (BGH) Jurisdiction on Specificity«: This study reevaluates legal provisions related to living wills, concentrating on two key aspects: analyzing and evaluating the Federal Court of Justice's (BGH) rulings regarding the specificity of provisions within a living will, and critically evaluating the exclusion of minors from drafting living wills. Concluding, a reform proposal is presented.

»The Anti-Hybrid Mismatch Rules in Sec. 4k German Income Tax Act Based on Selected Structures and Practical Cases with References to Compliance with European Union Law and German Constitutional Law«: The neutralisation of hybrid mismatch arrangements is analysed in this work on the basis of the implementation of the ATAD in Sec. 4k German Income Tax Act. The provision is assessed by practical cases, Union and constitutional law concerns as well as selected criteria of legisprudence, namely efficiency, practicability and effectiveness. In addition, a comparative analysis of the tax systems of selected Caribbean states, countries and territories is undertaken.

»The German >Nebenklage< in the Light of Late Modern Societal Challenges. A Suggestion for a Rearrangement«: As a result of a fundamental change in social expectations with regard to the question how to deal with victims of crime on the one hand and a continuing threat to a criminal procedure code governed by the rule of law due to increasing populism on the other, the participation of the victim in the German criminal procedure code (Strafprozessordnung) needs to be restructured. By creating new procedural roles for the victim, both, psychological needs and constitutional requirements can be balanced in a better way.