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Despite the widespread research work on suicidal ideation,cognitive distortion, impulsivity and depression from diverseperspectives, little research has directly examined the cognitive attributesunderlying impulsive behaviour in adults. Thus, an understanding ofcognitive distortions underlying the initiation and/or maintenance ofimpulsive behaviour is a vital prerequisite to the development ofsuccessful therapeutic interventions. It has been suggested thatindividuals with psychological problems have a tendency to makenegative interpretations and dysfunctional predictions of events. Itremains unclear how impulsive individuals interpret the situations thatmay contribute to their unplanned, rapid reactions with disregard to theconsequences of behavior.

This thesis titled "Understanding Social Exclusion in Reproductive HealthCare": A Sociological Study of Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh is beingsubmitted to Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono-Hills, Doimukh-791112, ArunachalPradesh, India for the fulfillment of degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology. Itconsists of the research study work carried out by me in the selected areas ofPapumpare district, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The thesis has been divided andexplained through six different chapters.I have tried to find the issue of exclusion in Reproductive Health Care in thestudy area as against the health policies and programs being implemented by the stategovernment to improve reproductive health. The thesis has made an attempt with itsfindings and recommendations and put efforts to make a substantive contributiontowards involving inclusive reproductive health services in the study area, which I'msure will help in long way in contributing to the future health policies in ArunachalPradesh.The present research includes 5 numbers of chapters. Chapter I provideinformation on the introduction to exclusion and reproductive health care, global,Indian and state views on RH and general health facilities. It has briefing onbackground and significance of the study. Along with this the chapter hascomprehensively covered the methodological framework of the study. It has a detailof ethnographic profile of the studied community. The chapter also has focused onreview of literature where extensive.

When a child is born in a family, there is lot of excitement and enthusiasm among themembers with lot of future expectations. Becoming a parent is one of the bestexperiences of life that any individual can have. Everyone wish for a child who isphysically fit and psychologically sound. Parents have lot of hopes and aspirations fortheir child. They want their children to be intellectually smart and talented.But this enthusiasm goes missing when a disabled child is born. It does no matterregarding the type of disability the child has. A certain amount of change in theemotional aspect will definitely occur in the parents and other members of the family.But the changes occur in excess in the parents.

Globally cerebrovascular disease (stroke) is the second most important cause of death(WHO, 2008). The word "stroke" itself depicts the manner in which this disorder oftenoccurs to a person. As aptly noted by Stein (2004), a person who is dynamic andindependent person is "struck down" (p.1). Stroke is an abrupt, life-changing incidentthat often gives no caution of its approach. Almost every survivor of stroke has beencaught unaware and it has changed the life of the survivor forever. Duncan,Blankenship, & Bitensky (2009) have noted that stroke can lead to a range ofneurological impairments and medical problems. They have added that constraints inactivities of daily living (ADLs) and reduced quality of life (QoL) are other majoroutcomes of stroke. Based on the progress in the diagnosis, treatment and therapies forstroke in the present day from the time when its occurrence was related to theHippocratic concept of disparity in the "humours", it can be argued that knowledgeabout stroke has come a long way (Edlow, 2008).Stroke has been defined by WHO (2005b) as a "focal (or at times global) neurologicalimpairment of sudden onset, and lasting more than 24 hours (or leading to death), andof presumed vascular origin (p.4)". As per this definition; stroke has its genesis in thevascular system referring to the blood vessels of the body, it occurs rapidly and lasts fora time period of more than twenty hours. Injury of the nervous tissues and even death ofthe patient has been reportede3 in many cases. A stroke or brain attack occurs whencells in the brain die due to insufficient flow of blood. While 80 per cent of the strokesare caused by the blockage of an artery in the neck or brain; the rest are caused by aburst blood vessel in the brain that causes bleeding into or around the brain.

Diagnosis of cancer revealed to the patient and family members causes emotional trauma.Medical advancements have resulted in treating cancer for either cure or control. This hasincreased the responsibilities of family caretakers for comprehensive care of the patient.Literature has provided abundant evidence for the impact of caretaking on psychologicalcondition of the caretakers. When family caretakers are unprepared or lack support they will failto maintain their physical and emotional health. In this context, current study is conducted withthe specific aims of a) To develop a Social Work intervention module to deal with quality of lifeissues of caretakers of persons living with cancer, reduce their depressive symptoms andfacilitate healthy coping strategies, and b) To test its effectiveness empirically. Hence theobjectives of the study are 1) To study socio demographic features of caretakers of persons withcancer and persons living with cancer. 2) To find out the impact of cancer on the economicconditions of the family. 3) To assess the extent of depression on caretakers of persons withcancer. 4) To study the quality of life of caretakers of persons with cancer. 5) To find out thecoping strategies used by the caretakers of persons with cancer. 6) To measure the effectivenessof Social Work intervention on depression, quality of life and coping strategies of caretakers ofpersons with cancer.Study is conducted in a clinical setting following the Randomized Control Trial design, whereina total of 120 caretakers were taken and were equally divided as cases and controls having 60each in both the groups. These caretakers were recruited only if they fulfilled the inclusioncriteria of being above the age of 18 years, newly diagnosed cases, comprehending the languagesof Kannada/English/Konkani/Tulu/Hindi and residing in Mangalore Taluq /DK even temporarilyfor the purpose of treatment. After the baseline assessment on level of depression, quality of lifeand coping mechanisms, cases received the comprehensive Social Work intervention for fourmonths and controls received educational intervention only. Assessment of both the groups onlevel of depression, quality of life and coping mechanisms was done after one month ofintervention.

My exploration of the creative process in writers started with a short presentation (in the second year of post graduation) on "Madness, Inspiration and Creativity". Inspite of being a very shy person, who could never speak in public, I volunteered for the presentation for reasons not clear to me even now. As part of preparation for the presentation, I referred to a collection of essays by Bhishma Sahni which I had read during my graduation days. What struck me almost instantly were the statements of the writer reflecting his inner, subjective life, which in this case was full of doubts, inhibitions and feelings of inadequacy. And I pondered with this data in front of me as to how valid is the generally held view of writer as an 'omnipotent being' having the courage to rebel against the norms of his/her society. In the case of Bhisham Sahni, the 'self' was so fragile and dependent on the approval of the others that a conscious rebel against social norms simply seemed to be impossible. There onwards, I was able to appreciate that a writer cannot be conceptualized as a courageous individual set out to challenge the givens of his society.

Science and Superstition are two parts of our individual and public activity. Science (Latin, scare signifying 'to know') is a type of cognizance and speaks to a generally created arrangement of contemplated information, truth of which can be created and made increasingly exact over the span of society's handy encounters. Science is as old as individual on earth. It is connected to each point with other social exercises and has experienced numerous progressions over the entire scope of mankind's history that no sufficient definition, covering all perspectives, could be made of it. Science is a Science and Superstition are two parts of our individual and public activity. Science (Latin, scire signifying 'to know') is a type of cognizance and speaks to a generally created arrangement of contemplated information, truth of which can be created and made increasingly exact over the span of society's handy encounters. Science is as old as individual on earth. It is connected to each point with other social exercises and has experienced numerous progressions over the entire scope of mankind's history that no sufficient definition, covering all perspectives, could be made of it. Science is a social item and the material circumstance of the life of the general population living in a specific authentic period and land condition structure the establishment of science and influences and shape society and the other way around. Any improvement in science in one comer of the globe, with a next to no time slack begin impacting the intellectual elite, the economy, way of life.

Lao Tzu reflected that "He who does not trust enough, will not be trusted." While Phish in Farmhouse said, "Each betrayal begins with trust." How contrary at a meaning level yet in common sense, we know both statements have spoken of the reality that we live in. Each time an act of humanity occurs to each time a deviation occurs in human relationships, trust seems to be that 'something' that is evoked either in its absence or in its presence. Trust traverses the grounds of internality and externality in extremes. When all is smooth sailing, it is so taken for granted that it sort of becomes the background score of life, but when trust is broken, it is almost as if a ship has capsized by a huge wave, shaking the very notion of a relationship, it is under threat and is threatening everything. In human life, there are many sites where trust plays a crucial role, a role more often highlighted when there is difficulty in establishing trust or when trust is breaking. Trust can be seen a currency for successfully navigating human life. Trust is commonly seen as a key enabler of cooperation, motivation, innovation and processes of transformation. To create a good or 'functional' family, parents try to establish mutual understanding and build trust with their children. Newly married couples attempt to develop trustworthy relationships, learning how to rely on each other in their marriage. Managers are concerned with building trust among team members with a goal to maximize group potential. Market researchers examine consumer loyalty and trust in brand names. Policy makers measure confidence in government and state policies to learn about public attitudes towards the state.

The dream of Independent India was brought to reality by the self-sacrifice of many individuals who possessed moral integrity of the highest order. Ironically, the youth of today is largely dissatisfied with or apathetic towards national and community-affairs. Moreover, the high prevalence of drug and alcohol abuse, juvenile crimes, and violence among Indian youth indicates that they are in critical need of moral guidance. Besides, it is common to see youth playing a significant role in violent activities carried out by fundamentalist groups (Shah, 2011). This scenario is contradictory to the secular and unified India visioned by our leaders. Both the fundamentalist and the materialistic approach embraced by today's youth would gradually tear the country's social fabric and thereby, hurt the country's overall development as a global power.

Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders physical disorders and substance abuse (including alcoholism and the use of .

Modernization and Globalization has in a way become a boon for human civilization. As it is said, "the world has become a smaller place" and the distance between continents has become less as transportation has become fast and communication has been revolutionized. On the other hand, the distance between two individuals is rather increasing. In spite of all these modern facilities which are reducing the gap between continents and countries, the gap with the people living by one's side like one's family members, neighbors and friends is increasing. As a result of this a whole lot of new social and psychological problems, for instance, alienation, loneliness, aggression, depression, suicides and so forth, are increasing. If affluence and economic independence is improving the living standards of people, on the other hand it is also giving rise to a different set of new values, which are entirely different from the existing ones.

Conflict occurs in all human societies but varies in degree and form of expression.1 It has many meanings in everyday life. To some it refers to behaviour or action.2 It is a broad term, wide invoked in the common vernacular and the scientific literature to suggest a state of disagreement or opposition. Conflict is an action based upon the perception of partially incompatible interest or intention between two or more persons. The popularly understood meaning of conflict is a quarrel between two persons or group. 3 It can be defined as a situation in which a minimum of two actors (parties) strive to acquire at the same point of time an available set of scarce resources.

Execution in scholastic life requests all parts of prosperity, those that incorporate physical, social, enthusiastic, otherworldly, and mental prosperity (Crystal, Chen, Fuligni, Stevenson, Hsu, Ko, Kitamura, and Kimura, 1994). Understudies who are truly and mentally stable are relied upon to perform better contrasted with the individuals who are not genuinely, intellectually and mentally fit. As such, the individuals who are encountering mental issues, for example, depression, anxiety and stress, may confront issues in dealing with their scholarly exhibition. Mental solidness is in reality a significant indicator that could add to high scholarly accomplishment. Henceforth, it is a lot of significant to audit and look at the mental prosperity of the understudies. The discoveries of such examination might be utilized to create techniques and ways to deal with assistance understudies to exceed expectations in their scholastic life. Depression, stress, and anxiety are among the mental issues that are normal among understudies. As indicated by Porter (1990), up to 60% of college understudies left college without completing their degrees; most of these understudies leave inside the initial two years because of powerlessness to deal with these mental conditions, particularly to adapt to pressure.

Marriage has been considered as the most sacred, pious and indispensable institution in Indian society. The most common endeavour of the mankind is an inherent instinct for companionship. Since ages, the underlying aim behind the institution of marriage has been the fulfillment of the need of companionship and lineage. As the institution of marriage came into existence, it gave rise to several marriage related rituals, customs, ceremonies and traditions. In many communities, gifts and valuables were given to the bride by her parents and relatives at the time of wedding while she had to leave her parental home and become part of her husband's family. It was considered as an auspicious custom that also served as a support to establish and arrange newly required household amenities. In those times, women were neither employed nor had any personal source of income. Hence the economical value of brides was considered to be lower in comparison to her bridegroom. Therefore the custom of dowry also originated as a compensation for this lower economic value of bride to her bridegroom and in-laws who were supposed to bear all her financial expenses after marriage. Dowry was also looked upon as a compensation paid by the father of the bride to his son-in-law for the maintenance of his daughter as well as to the parents of groom for the expense they had borne while in educating and upbringing their son. Moreover, the daughters were not given any share in the parental property therefore dowry was impliedly a kind of share in their father's wealth given to them at the time of their marriage.