Bücher veröffentlicht von IntechOpen

The book Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine is addressed to the engineers and mainly medical practitioners as well as scientists and PhD degree students. The book indicates the progress in research and in the implementation of the ever-new biomaterials for the application of the advanced types of prosthesis, implants, scaffolds and implant-scaffolds including personalised ones. The book presents a theoretical approach to the synergy of technical, biological and medical sciences concerning materials and technologies used for medical and dental implantable devices and on metallic biomaterials. The essential contents of the book are 16 case studies provided in each of the chapters, comprehensively describing the authors' accomplishments of numerous teams from different countries across the world in advanced research areas relating to the biomaterials applied in regenerative medicine and dentistry. The detailed information collected in the book, mainly deriving from own and original research and R

This book is prepared as a combination of the manuscripts submitted by respected mathematicians and scientists around the world. As an editor, I truly enjoyed reading each manuscript. Not only will the methods and explanations help you to understand more about graph theory, but I also hope you will find it joyful to discover ways that you can apply graph theory in your scientific field. I believe the book can be read from the beginning to the end at once. However, the book can also be used as a reference guide in order to turn back to it when it is needed. I have to mention that this book assumes the reader to have a basic knowledge about graph theory. The very basics of the theory and terms are not explained at the beginner level. I hope this book will support many applied and research scientists from different scientific fields.

This book focuses on the development and biology of germ cell and is edited by Ahmed RG, associate professor and Doctor of Developmental and Experimental Biology, Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. While many articles have appeared in journals on germ cell, this book provides you with a rare treat - an extensive and intensive study on it. It is one of a kind, offering important and valuable information about the biology of germ cell. This book covers the specification, regulation, and reprogramming of germ cell and germ line stem cells. This book provides important information about the new insight into germ cell signaling and the genotoxic in vitro studies in testicular germ cells. This book offers significant results about the origin, specification, and development of the female germ line in placental mammals and the germ cell tumors and their association with pregnancy.

This book is devoted to highly polished and potentiated novel C couplings developed by our group (M. Suzuki) in the course of a long-term, tight collaboration of chemistry, biology, and medicine experts, focusing on advanced organometallic techniques for the construction of a whole prostaglandin (PG) framework and new methodology for introducing short-lived 11C radionuclide into carbon frameworks. The book is written to attract the interest of scientists working in chemistry and interdisciplinary research areas such as medicinal chemistry, radiochemistry, chemical biology, molecular imaging, and related industries.

Nowadays, the technological advances allow developing many applications in different fields. In the book Colorimetry and Image Processing, two important fields are presented: colorimetry and image processing. Colorimetry is observed by a visual interactive programming learning system, an approach based on color analysis of Habanero chili pepper, an approach based on scene image segmentation centered on mathematical morphology, other systems based on the simulations of the dichromatic color appearance, and, finally, an approach based on the color reconstruction in order to enhancement its using super-resolution methods. On the other hand, image processing is shown by pansharpening algorithms for hyperspectral images, an approach based on the analysis of the low-resolution satellite images and ground-based sky camera for estimating the cloud motion, a hybrid super-resolution framework that combines desirable features of TV and PM models, a study of the real-time video analysis used for anthropometric measurements on agricultural tools and machines, and finally, an approach based on the threshold optimization iterative algorithm using the ground truth data and assessing the accuracy of a range of threshold values through the corresponding Kappa coefficient of concordance.

This book, Pure and Applied Biogeography, gives a very interesting report and overview about the frontiers of such parts of recent biogeographical research, which plays important roles in solving our most pressing global problems (biodiversity crisis, climate change, water issues, and sustainable agriculture). Our book consists of three sections: "Introduction", "Pure Biogeography and Global Patterns" and "Applied Biogeography and Regional Issues." After the introductory chapter, which is about the main branches and aims of biogeography in service of solving global problems, - we can find three chapters as parts of the first section. First chapter in this section is in close relation with the origin of biodiversity and conservation. The second and third chapters are about the biogeograhical aspects of climate change and biodiversity. In the second section of this book three applied biogeographical chapters can be found, which are related to agriculture, theoretical background of biological plant protection against herbivores, and regional patterns in ecological biogeography.

In contemporary understanding, the working areas of children's psychology are expanding considerably. The mental health of the children ensures that they are able to use their developmental abilities, cope with difficulties in life, be productive and be creative, and demonstrate cognitive, emotional, and behavioral characteristics appropriate to their developmental turn. This research was conducted to be able to identify behavioral disorders that may be a sign of children's mental problems and to shed light on the resolution of possible problems by facilitating the follow-up of psychosocial developments during the period of growth. This book presents an overview of the contemporary approaches in the departments of child education and psychology, with the hope of them growing up as happy, peaceful, balanced, thoughtful confident and successful individuals.

Time Series Analysis (TSA) and Applications offers a dense content of current research and development in the field of data science. The book presents time series from a multidisciplinary approach that covers a wide range of sectors ranging from biostatistics to renewable energy forecasting. Contrary to previous literatures on time, serious readers will discover the potential of TSA in areas other than finance or weather forecasting. The choice of the algorithmic transform for different scenarios, which is a key determinant in the application of TSA, can be understood through the diverse domain applications. Readers looking for deep understanding and practicability of TSA will be delighted. Early career researchers too will appreciate the technicalities and refined mathematical complexities surrounding TSA. Our wish is that this book adds to the body of TSA knowledge and opens up avenues for those who are looking forward to applying TSA in their own context.

Biotechnology including medical applications depends on the yeast as biofermenter to produce many industrial products including pharmaceutical ones. Although yeasts are first known as useful microorganisms, some of them are identified as pathogens for plants, animals, and humans. Due to the simple cellular structure of the yeast among other microbial groups, it is used in the earliest investigations to determine the features of eukaryotic molecular biology, cell biology, and physiology. The economic income of some countries mainly depends on yeast for producing the economic products, such as France that depends on yeast for wine production. This book throws light on yeast and its important role in the medical applications.

The goal of this book is to present an overview of applications and ideas toward sample preparation methods and techniques used in analysis of foods and beverages. This text is a compilation of selected research articles and reviews dealing with current efforts in the application of various methods and techniques of sample preparation to analysis of a variety of foods and beverages. The chapters in this book are divided into two broad sections. Section 1 deals with some ideas for methods and techniques that are applicable to problems that impact the analysis of foods and beverages and the food and beverage industries overall. Section 2 provides applications of sample preparation methods and techniques toward determination of specific analytes or classes of analytes in various foods and beverages. Overall, this book should serve as a source of scientific information for anyone involved in any aspect of analysis of foods and beverages.

Male and female reproductive system similarities as well as differences should be taken into consideration by all scientists interested in this field. Some embryological, anatomical, histological, and clinical examples are addressed in this book. The message of the book is to increase orientation of all scientists interested in the field of similar and dissimilar issues in males and females. Reading this book will lead to a better understanding of management of both sexes, and the understanding of infertility that will hopefully reduce the effort, the time, the psychological, and the financial burden of the infertile couple and the society at large.

Cobalt is a brittle, hard, silver-grey transition metal with high melting point, hard-wearing at elevated temperatures, good corrosion resistance and improved chemical, magnetic and mechanical properties. This book aims to provide in-depth study and analyses of various synthesis and processing techniques and characterization of cobalt that can lead to its increased applications in recent technology. This book presents deep understanding of the new techniques from basic to the advance level for scientists and engineers. The chapters cover all major aspects about cobalt and its application in material characterization with special emphasis on both theoretical and experimental aspects. This book addresses engineering professionals, students and materials scientists.

This book, which is the result of contributions from a team of international authors, presents a collection of materials that can be categorized into two groups. The first group of papers deals with clinical toxicology topics including poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticides, food toxins, carbon monoxide, the toxicity of beta-lactam antibiotics, acute neonicotinoid poisoning, occupational risk factors for acute pesticide poisoning, activating carbon fibers, and date pits for use in liver toxin adsorption. The second group of papers deals with forensic or analytical toxicology topics such as simplified methods for the analysis of gaseous toxic agents, rapid methods for the analysis and monitoring of pathogens in drinking water and water-based solutions, as well as the linkages between clinical and forensic toxicology. Each chapter presents new information on the topic discussed based on authors' experience while summarizing existing knowledge. As such, this book will be a good teaching aid and can be a prescribed or recommended reading for postgraduate students and professionals in the fields of public health, medicine, pharmacy, nursing, biology, toxicology, and forensic sciences.

Biomimetic and bioinspired membranes are the most promising type of membrane for multiple usage scenarios, including commercial separation applications as well as water and wastewater treatment technologies. In recent years, aquaporin biomimetic membranes (ABMs) for water purification have raised considerable interest. These membranes display uniquely favorable properties and outstanding performances, such as diverse interactions, varied selective transport mechanisms, superior stability, high resistance to membrane fouling, and distinct adaptability. Biomimetic membranes would make a significant contribution to alleviate water stress, environmental threats, and energy consumption.

Biomaterials are often designed to act as scaffolds, i.e., 3D porous templates that support and stimulate the growth of healthy tissue and then safely dissolve once they have performed their functions. This book provides a picture of the current state of the art in the field of scaffolds for tissue engineering, highlighting the potential associated to the latest scientific and technological advancements. The former part of the book focuses on the repair of "hard" tissues (primarily bone) by means of bioceramic/glass scaffolds, and the latter deals with the applications of polymeric scaffolds for regenerating "soft" tissues and structures including the peripheral nerve, heart, gastric mucosa and pancreas. Special emphasis is given to the challenges associated to scaffold manufacturing, biomimetic properties and cell-scaffold interactions.

Sugars, with a scientific term as saccharides, are involved in various aspects in the lives of human beings, including the sense of taste, energy for daily life, etc. Recent development in polysaccharides, as well as the background knowledge in this field, further deepens insight into their roles as healthy supplements. In this book, the principles on polysaccharides' solubility and structure, methodologies and application of polysaccharides have been reviewed. The chapters in this book include the relationship between structure and solubility of polysaccharide, the experimental and computational researches on polysaccharide solubility and the common polysaccharide, which may further aid scholars and researchers in regard to solubility of polysaccharides, methodologies and modification.

Ellipsometry is rapidly emerging as a popular solution addressed to new materials science challenges and technological pitfalls hindering its effective application on modern problems. Amid the nowadays active development of materials of top notch, ellipsometry is also evolving rapidly both in the academic and industry sectors. The global industry strategies, introduce the latest scientific advances at manufacturing new, more accurate, and reliable ellipsometry systems to tackle emerging challenges. The book provides a comprehensive overview on the principles and technical capabilities of the modern ellipsometry highlighting its versatility in materials characterization.

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is one of the modern names that is becoming increasingly popular, as a result of many years of researches and investigations. Powerful hardware and software tools have contributed, and still do, to place the radio-frequency identification as a popular and widely used technology, from large corporations to individuals, and custom applications. Although RFID offers many advantages over other technologies, it is essential to be aware of its limitations. Therefore, it will be possible to overcome the limitations and to increase its applications. As an example, cost, safety, security, transmissions formats, and international standards are important merit figures of continuous improvement. In this book, we present important proposals that will certainly contribute to the evolution of RFID. Theoretical and practical aspects are presented and discussed by the authors, and thus we invite everyone for a pleasant reading.

The seed can be considered the most important plant reproductive element, as a dispersal unit for a successful reproduction in all gymnosperms and flowering plants. The formation of the seed is part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, starting with a mature ovule and following with the fertilization by pollen and some growth within the mother plant to the final outcome of an embryo developed from the zygote, the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule, and a nurturing endosperm in several species. Thanks to this key element as it is the seed, the spermatophytes now dominate all types of biological niches on land, from forests to grasslands, both in hot and cold climates. In this metadata information era, we have the chance for a deeper understanding of seed physiological and developmental processes in order to provide the fundamental basis for making plant (seed) biology research relevant and productive,coping with future challenges.

The term "ascites" is from the Greek word askites meaning "baglike." Although most commonly due to cirrhosis, severe liver disease or metastatic cancer, its presence can be a sign of other significant medical problems, such as Budd-Chiari syndrome. Diagnosis of the cause is usually done with blood tests, an ultrasound scan of the abdomen, and direct removal of the fluid by a needle or paracentesis (which may also be therapeutic). Treatment using medications (diuretics), external drainage, or other treatments is clearly defined. In this book, the authors describe the physiopathology of the diverse causes of ascites,the types of treatments recommended, the recent advances achieved, the complications and the prognosis of the different clinical situations that doctors must face.

No time in the history, consumption is considered to be as important as in today's world. It defines who we are, how well/perfect we perform our multiroles within the society (buying the most expensive clothes means being the best mom for instances), what symbolic meanings we attribute to our belongings, and how rich/clever/fashion conscious or innovative we are. Due to multidisciplinary and multimethod character of the concept of consumer behavior, it is appropriate to study it accordingly in order to understand the subject with its different aspects and holistically. Especially with the cultural, social, and technological changes within today's world, this issue becomes prominent. This book is a modest try for that end.

Yeast - Industrial Applications is a book that covers applications and utilities of yeasts in food, chemical, energy, and environmental industries collected in 12 chapters. The use of yeasts in the production of metabolites, enzymatic applications, fermented foods, microorganism controls, bioethanol production, and bioremediation of contaminated environments is covered showing results, methodologies, and processes and describing the specific role of yeasts in them. The traditional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is complemented in many applications with the use of less known non-Saccharomyces yeasts that now are being used extensively in industry. This book compiles the experience and know-how of researchers and professors from international universities and research centers.

Periodontitis - A Useful Reference is a comprehensive book compiled by a team of experts with the objective of providing an overview of the basic pathology of "periodontitis" and its implication on oral health and general systemic health. Periodontitis has become a global health burden in recent days. It is noteworthy that oral health is being considered as the mirror of general health and the study of oral-systemic health connections has advanced among scientists, clinicians, and the public as well. We wish the array of chapters that highlights the importance and impact of periodontal health could be a useful guide for the community of public, students, and clinicians.

Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective highlights latest advancements of research undertaken in multidisciplinary fields where the smartphone plays a central role. Smartphone is synonymous to innovation in today's society. Very few visionaries predicted its social, cultural, technological and economic impacts, although the usage of smartphone is almost pervasive and transcendental. This book is meant for researchers and postgraduate students looking forward for hot topics for their final year projects, doctoral or even postdoctoral studies. Practitioners too will find food for thought and will surely be amazed by the broadness of the topics presented.

This book is an original, high-quality collection of chapters about highly topical and important brand management issues, and it shows both theoretical and empiric analysis. The 10 selected chapters are referred, with original contents and rigorous research methodologies, to some important challenges the brand management has to face in the current competitive contexts, characterized by the dominance of the intangible resources and the new information and communication technologies. Written by leading academics, this book is dedicated not only to marketing and management scholars but also to students wanting to investigate the knowledge concerning special fields and special brand management themes. As well to the practitioners who can find a wide reference also to the managerial implication from the strategic and operative perspectives.

The range of Bayesian inference algorithms and their different applications has been greatly expanded since the first implementation of a Kalman filter by Stanley F. Schmidt for the Apollo program. Extended Kalman filters or particle filters are just some examples of these algorithms that have been extensively applied to logistics, medical services, search and rescue operations, or automotive safety, among others. This book takes a look at both theoretical foundations of Bayesian inference and practical implementations in different fields. It is intended as an introductory guide for the application of Bayesian inference in the fields of life sciences, engineering, and economics, as well as a source document of fundamentals for intermediate Bayesian readers.

Quantum dot-based light emitting diodes were assigned to bringing together the latest and most important progresses in light emitting diode (LED) technologies. In addition, they were dedicated to gain the perspective of LED technology for all of its advancements and innovations due to the employment of semiconductor nanocrystals. Highly selective, the primary aim was to provide a visual source for high-urgency work that will define the future directions relating to the organic light emitting diode (OLED), with the expectation for lasting scientific and technological impact. The editor hopes that the chapters verify the realization of the mentioned aims that have been considered for editing of this book. Due to the rapidly growing OLED technology, we wish this book to be useful for any progress that can be achieved in future.

Besides the Introductory Chapter that gives a brief overview of archaeal applications, the present book contains four chapters. The first chapter, by Castro-Fernandez et al., provides an interesting depiction of the phylum Euryarchaeota and its biotechnological applications. The second chapter, by Ben Hania and coauthors, focuses on the promotion of the idea that some specific Archaea are potential next-generation probiotics. The third chapter, by Torregrosa-Crespo et al., emphasizes the main characteristics of biocompounds from haloarchaea and their potential uses in biomedicine, pharmacy, and industry. The concluding chapter, by Mizuno et al., proposes a plasmid curing approach for improving the potential of thermophiles in various biotechnological applications and opens new perspectives on industrial valorization.

Knowledge has no limits and everyone has the opportunity to gain it and expand the view and horizon of understanding. Nothing in this world remains permanent, everything changes. Hence the field of morphology of the Earth (geomorphology) provides a basis for exploring, understanding and comprehending the forms and processes that occur in our surrounding. This book presents some of the ideas and understanding about geomorphology:1) Learn about the effect of deforestation and then reforestation on river channel morphology.2) Understand the composite mathematical modelling for continuous simulations of hydro-geomorphological processes.3) Know about the process-response models for estimation of cliff erosion and its quantitative predictions.4) Grow your knowledge about various geomorphometric tools that are available in freely available GIS software.

Allergy is a main problem of public health in the world. Many people in all countries are suffering from this problem. Some diseases (i.e. allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, urticaria, eczema, etc.) have allergic reaction pathophysiology, and with control of allergic mechanisms, these diseases can be controlled and cured. The current book entitled Allergen has focused on allergy, mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, and other related problems. Chapters of the book have good data on allergy-based medical sciences and would be a benefit for all researchers in immunology, allergy, and asthma fields. Current discussions would be useful for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of atopic patients. We hope these chapters could be a new approach in immunotherapy of allergic diseases and help in the progress of healthy system.