Bücher veröffentlicht von IntechOpen

This book focuses on recent and innovative methods on vibration analysis, system identification, and diverse control design methods for both wind energy conversion systems and vibrating systems. Advances on both theoretical and experimental studies about analysis and control of oscillating systems in several engineering disciplines are discussed. Various control devices are synthesized and implemented for vibration attenuation tasks. The book is addressed to researchers and practitioners on the subject, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students and other experts and newcomers seeking more information about the state of the art, new challenges, innovative solutions, and new trends and developments in these areas. The six chapters of the book cover a wide range of interesting issues related to modeling, vibration control, parameter identification, active vehicle suspensions, tuned vibration absorbers, electronically controlled wind energy conversion systems, and other relevant case studies.

Modeling and simulating biological and physical systems are nowadays active branches of science. The diversity and complexity of behaviors and patterns present in the natural world have their reciprocity in life systems. Bifurcations, solitons and fractals are some of these ubiquitous structures that can be indistinctively identified in many models with the most diverse applications, from microtubules with an essential role in the maintenance and the shaping of cells, to the nano/microscale structure in disordered systems determined with small-angle scattering techniques. This book collects several works in this direction, giving an overview of some models and theories, which are useful for the study and analysis of complex biological and physical systems. It can provide a good guidance for physicists with interest in biology, applied research scientists and postgraduate students.

The book Carbon Nanotubes - Recent Progress contains a number of recent researches on synthesis, growth, characterization, development, and potential applications on carbon materials especially CNTs in nanoscale. It is a promising novel research from top to bottom that has received a lot of interest in the last few decades. It covers the advanced topics on the physical, chemical, and potential applications of CNTs. Here, the interesting reports on cutting-edge science and technology related to synthesis, morphology, control, hybridization, and prospective applications of CNTs are concluded. This potentially unique work offers various approaches on the R

With the growth of urbanization, industrialization, and intensive agricultural practices, all superficial, inland, and marine water bodies have become the repository for large quantities of every type of substance extraneous to the natural aquatic environment. The knowledge of hydrodynamics becomes crucial in this context, as it is the driving mechanism for the movement and transport of these matters and of sediments that become collectors of these substances, in a surface water system. The best way to understand these natural processes is via examples and case studies. This book deals with practical studies of hydrodynamic processes through physical and numerical models. Researchers, together with practicing engineers, will find this book useful in making a rapid assessment of different environmental water body problems.

It is very essential to understand the recent advances in ruminant science to recognize and control diseases and disorders in these animals. Our book, Ruminants - The Husbandry, Economic and Health Aspects, provides a concise introductory chapter and details about the main aspects of ruminants' science and production. This is the first edition of the book, so it covers the introductory level of topics, which are written specifically for veterinary students, classroom use, and practitioners who require more knowledge of dairy animal health and production. The book covers an introductory chapter and sections on husbandry and economics as well as animal health. Each book section comprises chapters from renowned experts from the area and gives readers a unique opportunity to explore the topic.

Maize is an important staple food crop worldwide. It is the third most important cereal crop after wheat and rice and is economically used for both livestock feeds and human consumption. The latest maize research has opened up new opportunities for crop improvement. This book brings together recent work and advances that have recently been made in the dynamic fields of genetic characterization, molecular breeding, genetic engineering technologies, and mapping of agronomic traits of global maize germplasm. It also provides new insights into and sheds new light regarding the current research trends and future research directions in maize. This book will provoke interest in many readers, researchers, and scientists, who can find this information useful for the advancement of their research works toward maize improvement.

This book discusses multiways in the porous materials. It involves materials with a large number of holes, and it highlights the synthesis, structure, and surface properties of porous materials closely related to more applications, such as support, catalyst, energy storage, chemical reactions, and optical applications. It studies the effect of the filling materials, the thermal treatments, and the porous density in the improvement of physical properties, electrical and energy efficiency, and the generation of new materials. Some synthetic process will be discussed with the effect of some parameters on the final characteristics of the prepared porous structures.

The main objective of this book is to give proficient people a comprehensive review of up-to-date global improvements in hypothetical and experimental evidences, perspectives and prospects of some newsworthy instrumentation and its numerous technological applications for a wide range of lithographic fabrication techniques. The present theme of this book is concomitant with the lithographic ways and means of deposition, optimization parameters and their wide technological applications. This book consists of six chapters comprehending with eminence of lithography, fabrication and reproduction of periodic nanopyramid structures using UV nanoimprint lithography for solar cell applications, large-area nanoimprint lithography and applications, micro-/nanopatterning on polymers, OPC under immersion lithography associated to novel luminescence applications, achromatic Talbot lithography (ATL) and the soft X-ray interference lithography. Individual chapters provide a base for a wide range of readers from different fiels, students and researchers, who may be doing research pertinent to the topics discussed in this book and find basic as well as advanced principles of designated subjects related to these phenomena explained plainly. The book contains six chapters by experts in different fields of lithographic fabrication and technology from over 15 research institutes across the globe.

Major casting processing advancements have been made in experimental and simulation areas. Newly developed advanced casting technologies allow foundry researchers to explore detailed phenomena associated with new casting process parameters helping to produce defect-free castings with good quality. Moreover, increased computational power allows foundry technologists to simulate advanced casting processes to reduce casting defects. In view of rapid expansion of knowledge and capability in the exciting field of casting technology, it is possible to develop new casting techniques. This book is intended to discuss many casting processing technologies. It is devoted to advanced casting processing technologies like ductile casting production and thermal analysis, casting of metal matrix composites by vortex stir casting technique, aluminum DC casting, evaporative casting process, and so on. This book entitled Advanced Casting Technologies has been organized into seven chapters and categorized into four sections. Section 1 discusses the production of ductile iron casting and thermal analysis. Section 2 depicts aluminum casting. Section 3 describes the casting manufacturing aspects of functionally graded materials and evaporative casting process. Section 4 explains about the vortex stir casting technique to process metal matrix composite castings. All the chapters discussed in detail the processing steps, process parameters involved in the individual casting technique, and also its applications. The goal of the book is to provide details on the recent casting technologies.

Carbon-based photocatalysis has been considered as an economic, safe, renewable, and clean technology, for various applications. However, the pristine carbon material is usually restricted by unsatisfactory photocatalytic efficiency and practical applications due to the insufficient solar light absorption, the low-surface area, and the fast recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Various modification strategies, such as elemental and molecular doping, preparation of mesoporous carbon materials, and combination of conductive materials, are adopted to enhance the photocatalytic activity of carbon materials. In this book, we intend to describe the great potential of efficient and low-cost carbon-based materials in various realms, such as photodegradation of organic compounds, water splitting, and selective organic transformations.

In the period of rapid and intensive development of general electronics, this book entitled Fullerenes and Relative Materials - Properties and Applications is quite systematic and useful. It considers some aspects on synthesis, structural, vibrational, tribology, and optical properties of the fullerenes and relative materials. Some parts of the book present the specific area of the applications of the studied nanostructures. The book contains eight chapters. The special approach and interesting results on the unique properties of the materials studied as well as the different areas of their applications in general optoelectronics, solar energy and gas storage, laser and display, and biomedicine are shown. It is important for education process and for the civil and special device operations.

Dialysis (clearance of uremic toxins and removal of excess fluids) is a broad term for different modalities of treatment for patients with acute and end-stage kidney disease. These modalities include peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, and continuous renal replacement therapy for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Dialysis is a lifesaving measure and can be conducted in hospitals, in dialysis clinics, and at home. Recently, dialysis techniques have witnessed tremendous improvements in technology and performance. The book Aspects in Dialysis covers important aspects of dialysis-related topics and is empowered with well-established and experienced authors, who have written clear and informative chapters. It covers various aspects of dialysis modalities supported by well-established clinical studies. Aspects in Dialysis can be considered as a guide for daily practice and a reference for medical and nursing staff involved in taking care of dialysis patients.

The goal of this book is to provide readers with an update on recent developments in surgical treatment of some shoulder disorders. The perspective of this book involves highlighting management of complex shoulder conditions in better ways. This book is divided into four main sections: 'Repair' involves chapters related to primary repair; 'Replacement' section provides detailed perspective on shoulder replacement procedures for different conditions; 'Reconstruction' includes a chapter on reconstructive procedures where primary repair is not possible; and lastly 'Rehab and Miscellaneous' section includes chapters on surgical management of rheumatoid arthritis and rehab. Individual chapters provide a base for a wide range of readers including students, professors, physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons, who will find in this book simply explained basics as well as advanced techniques of shoulder surgeries. The book consists of ten chapeters, compiled by experts from institutes across the globe.

The mathematics involved in describing the attributes of precipitation are embodied in the technical fields of Hydrology and Hydrometeorology. In this book, multiple experts present their work on various engineering characteristics of rainfall. The topics presented will update the readers on the recent developments and their applications across different regions of the world.

The development of flap surgery parallels the increasing complexity of soft-tissue defects needing reconstruction. Random and pedicled flaps as well as free muscle and fasciocutaneous flaps have helped to reconstruct single soft-tissue defects. The multiplicity of defects needing reconstruction and donor-site morbidity in addition to tailored reconstruction have called for a revision of flap concepts in favor of perforator flaps. Unfortunately, we are faced with increasingly complex reconstructive issues. New reconstructive techniques, such as the Ilizarov method, have made orthopedic reconstruction after high energy and complex trauma possible. Revision surgeries after tumor resection and plastic surgery have brought about soft-tissue defects associated with extensive fibrosis and necrosis. As a result, previously nonsalvageable limbs have been salvaged. The reconstructive surgeons are faced with the following situations: multiple soft-tissue defects, extensive fibrosis, possibility of major vessel loss, and possibility of damage of several perforators.

The book provides chapters on sex hormones and their modulation in neurodegenerative processes and pathologies, from basic molecular mechanisms, physiology, gender differences, to neuroprotection and clinical aspects for potential novel pharmacotherapy approaches. The book contains 14 chapters written by authors from various biomedical professions, from basic researchers in biology and physiology to medicine and veterinary medicine, pharmacologists, psychiatrist, etc. Chapters sum up the past and current knowledge on sex hormones, representing original new insights into their role in brain functioning, mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The book is written for a broad range of audience, from biomedical students to highly profiled medical specialists and biomedical researchers, helping them to expand their knowledge on sex hormones in neurodegenerative processes and opening new questions for further investigation.

This book contains selected peer-reviewed articles that cover novel information on epileptic seizure and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures written by international researchers. In this book, we discuss self-reporting technologies for supporting epilepsy treatment. We also discuss about the diagnostic testing in epilepsy genetic clinical practice. Clinical aspects related to diagnosis in patients presenting psychogenic non-epileptic seizures vs. epileptic seizures and neurocysticercosis are discussed as well. We delivered novel aspects about the treatment for pseudoseizures. In another chapter, the authors estimated the prevalence of ischemic stroke in epileptic patients presenting subarachnoid neurocysticercosis and ischemic stroke frequency among HIV-positive patients, and finally other authors discuss autoimmune epilepsy, its new development, and its future directions. We are looking forward with confidence and pride to the remarkable role that this book will play for a new vision and mission.

This book covers the agricultural value chain issues that occur in different parts of the world and aims to increase our understanding about the sustainable agricultural value chain paradigm. By reading through these chapters, the readers will witness various interesting, sometimes sad, commonalities among different regions of the world, where smallholder farmers and producers are severely affected by various agricultural policy deficiencies or mistakes and inexistences. The book consists of 14 chapters, which comprehensively cover over 20 agricultural products from more than 15 different regions of the world. Various qualitative and quantitative research methods are presented including surveys, case studies, interviews, price transmission, risk analysis, and multiagent system technology.

The book entitled Nonmagnetic and Magnetic Quantum Dots is divided into two sections. In Section 1, the chapters are related to nonmagnetic quantum dots and their applications. More specifically, exact models and numerical methods have been presented to describe the analytical solution of the carrier wave functions, the quantum mechanical aspects of quantum dots, and the comparison of the latter to experimental data. Furthermore, methods to produce quantum dots, synthesis techniques of colloidal quantum dots, and applications on sensors and biology, among others, are included in this section. In Section 2, a few topics of magnetic quantum dots and their applications are presented. The section starts with a theoretical model to describe the magnetization dynamics in magnetic quantum dot array and the description of dilute magnetic semiconducting quantum dots and their applications. Additionally, a few applications of magnetic quantum dots in sensors, biology, and medicine are included in Section 2.

Entrepreneurship is a powerful attitude that, in such a way, in the last few years, has become a discipline increasingly transversal to different areas of knowledge. Many times, we think about the things we want such as a good house, a brand new car, a beautiful relationship, a good friendship, and a good way to be in the world. Is that possible that you convert into an entrepreneur? This book shows some examples of that possibility, from simple people to a big organization. In all cases, if you become an entrepreneur, it will be for your taste and pleasure, a means to survive and enjoy the uncertainty, and rejoice that you have all these in your hands and will. Can you find out the trends and overcome the challenges? We would say yes. It all depends on whether you want to develop and apply this attitude.

The benefits of ionizing radiations have been largely demonstrated through many achievements of human life. Understanding the fundamental elementary interactions of ionizing radiations with material has allowed the development of various applications needed by different industries. This book draws some facets of their applications, such as hardening process for semiconductor devices, biomedical imaging by radiation luminescent quantum dots, hydrogen gas detection by Raman lidar sensor for explosion risk assessment, water and wastewater purification by radiation treatment for environment, doping by the neutron transmutation doping for the semiconductor industry, and polymerization by irradiation, which is useful for industries requiring resistant and protective coating. I wish the chapters of this book can provide some helpful information on ionizing radiation applications.

The pollution of soil and groundwater by harmful chemical compounds and heavy metals is becoming very serious in many countries. Although remediation is necessary as soon as possible, the performance of conventional bioremediation processes is not sufficient. This book deals with advances in bioremediation and phytoremediation processes by using excellent strains and a combination of processes. In the chapters of this book, the researchers have introduced the overall status of contamination; the characteristics of bioremediation using halobacteria, Candida yeast, and autochthonous bacteria; and phytoremediation using macrophytes. Moreover, other researchers introduced a process using biochar and electric currents, and this combination of processes and phytoremediation enhances the overall process.

Outsourcing has been seen as a phenomenon allowing competitive advantages for organizations, but some studies do not include the causes and consequences of this particular strategy. Consequently, the objective of this book is to fill this gap by combining several studies from different perspectives. The various chapters presented here follow several approaches, which researchers explore in different contexts. This book intends, therefore, to add to the body of knowledge about outsourcing. Furthermore, it shows how the outsourcing strategy can stimulate organizations' development in various countries and regions worldwide.

With a good background in nonlinear dynamics, chaos theory, and applications, the author of this leading book gives a systematic treatment of the basic principle of nonlinear dynamics in different fields. The contributions from leading international scientists active in the field provide a comprehensive overview of our current level of background on chaos theory and applications in different sciences. In addition, they show overlap with the traditional field of control theory in scientific community.

The scope of this book is to present the most recent trends based on omic analyses of microorganisms causing diseases in farm animals and how these approaches result in new strategies of treatment. The topics in this book include fasciolosis, avian coccidiosis, bovine anaplasmosis, tick-borne diseases, and babesiosis, among others. This book presents the recent advances in the omic field with an emphasis on how these analyses have led researchers to know the mechanisms that pathogens use to invade and colonize the host cell of farm animals. In this way, new treatments of control and prevention can be employed.

To protect metals or alloys from corrosion, some methods can be used such as isolating the structure from the aggressive media or compensating the loss of electrons from the corroded structure. The use of corrosion inhibitors may include organic and inorganic compounds that adsorb on the metallic structure to isolate it from its surrounding media to decrease oxidation-reduction processes. This book collects new developments about corrosion inhibitors and their recent applications.

People living in rural areas migrate to urban areas to secure better qualities of life, education, and health facilities and also because they believe that urban settings offer more livable conditions. These appealing features have led to rapid population growth in urban areas, which has resulted in problems that need to be solved through different urban planning and design approaches. In conjunction with this book, a supplemental resource, which both provides and proposes solutions based on innovative approaches to urbanization problems that emerge from urban agglomeration, has been created. This resource supplement shall also serve as a guide to future urban development efforts. In effect, this book will play an important role in compensating for the limited number of resource books on urbanization. This book is intended to be a reference source for scientists and students interested in the subject.

Global water crisis is a challenge to the security, political stability and environmental sustainability of developing nations and with climate, economically and politically, induces migrations also for the developed ones. Currently, the urban population is 54% with prospects that by the end of 2050 and 2100 66% and 80%, respectively, of the world's population will live in urban environment. Untreated water abstracted from polluted resources and destructed ecosystems as well as discharge of untreated waste water is the cause of health problems and death for millions around the globe. Competition for water is wide among agriculture, industry, power companies and recreational tourism as well as nature habitats. Climate changes are a major threat to the water resources. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in integrated assessment of water resource management in the urbanizing world, which is a foundation to develop society with secure water availability, food market stability and ecosystem preservation.

The changing climatic scenario has affected crop production in the adverse ways, and the impact of it on agriculture is now emerging as a major priority among crop science researchers. Agriculture in this changing climatic scenario faces multiple diverse challenges due to a wide array of demands. Climate-resilient agriculture is the need of the hour in many parts of the world. Understanding the adverse effects of climatic change on crop growth and development and developing strategies to counter these effects are of paramount importance for a sustainable climate-resilient agriculture. This multiauthored edited book brings out sound climate-resilient agriculture strategies that have a strong basic research foundation. We have attempted to bridge information from various diverse agricultural disciplines, such as soil science, agronomy, plant breeding, and plant protection, which can be used to evolve a need-based technology to combat the climatic change in agriculture.

The book "Thrombocytopenia" certainly raises some important issues in its pathogenesis and management. The authors have done a lot of hard work to write state-of-the-art chapters. Each and every chapter is peer-reviewed, evidence-based, and remarkably excellent. Some of the causes of thrombocytopenia are well explained in textbooks, but the topics included in this book are not usually so well described. The chapters are written in such a manner so as to stimulate and keep the reader well-informed. Such an approach is certainly beneficial when aiming to motivate discussion, interaction, innovation, and research. Chapters like "Interferon-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy" have been included with the aim to help in understanding the immune pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia. Others have also been selected to keep an eye on the future.