Scholars and practitioners assess the tactics and strategies, rhetoric, organizational structure, and resource base of the environmental justice movement, gauging its successes and failures and future prospects.
This collection of articles documents the design of one such computer, a single instruction multiple data stream (SIMD) class supercomputer with 16,834 processing units capable of over 6 billion 8 bit operations per second.
The physiology of speech production in terms of articulatory dynamics is the subject of this monograph.An extensive study of articulatory motions is clearly presented with carefully organized and detailed quantitative data derived from tracings of a lateral cineradiography. The data, in graph form, are interpreted in relation to known physical attributes and physiology and relevant linguistic features. Findings from the data are incorporated into a model which presents an approach toward understanding the organization and control of the speech-producing mechanism. The model is constructed to be compatible with linguistic feature systems and methods of computer simulation.Extensive data of this type have not been previously available, and the techniques and results will provide a valuable source of interest and information to phoneticians, speech scientists, and clinicians in the fields of speech pathology, audiology, and radiology. The data would also interest engineers concerned with speech simulation by computer.The monograph also gives some analysis and interpretation of the data in terms of underlying linguistic categories. This work, therefore, represents an important step forward in the continuing search for a deeper and better understanding of the nature of human speech.ContentsMethods - The cineradiographic and recording procedures - The speech material - Tracing and measuring techniques - Description of measurements - Data and Discussion - Forms of the data - Discussions of graphical comparisons (among various phonetic segments) of motions of the maxilla, mandible, tongue tip and body, larynx, hyoid bone, lips, pharynx, and velum - Observations from mid-vowel and mid-consonant tracings of certain utterances - Conclusions: Aspects of a Physiological Model of Speech Production
Knowledge Discovery in Databases brings together current research on the exciting problem of discovering useful and interesting knowledge in databases.
Stories reflect culture, and American stories reflect American culture is Livia Polanyi's provocative thesis in Telling the American Story.
How to make public property artful and art public property-opening up new horizons in art and art education.
Although a responsible and welcome critical literature in the social sciences has in recent years been measuring the human costs of urban renewal and environmental degradation, telling the designer what to avoid does not necessarily enlighten him about what to do. The designers too have been transforming their attitudes, moving away from the rhetorical toward the socially aware and the scientific. The two groups are readier to meet now than ever before, and if they do so in the ways put forth in this book - with man in mind - then we will be better able to bring our environmental technologies into human service. With Man In Mind is not, however a handbook or manual of techniques, ready-made; it is instead an argument for changing the terms of our discourse about man and environment so that we can do interdisciplinary research on questions that matter. With the questioning of the ideas in this book, collaboration may finally begin.
The objectives set forth by the passage of the Marine Resources and Engineering Development Act of 1966 marked a turning point in U.S. policy toward marine affairs, inaugurating a fresh set of active goals regarding the use of ocean resources. These include expanding the knowledge of the ocean frontier; enhancing commerce and navigation on it; rehabilitating commercial fisheries; encouraging private investment for exploration and development of mineral wealth of the seas; advancing education and training in marine science and engineering; and improving the capabilities, performance, and use of vehicles and instruments for exploring the marine environment with the intent of recovering its resources and utilizing its energies. The primary focus of this volume is on U.S. policy toward the oceans, this being the first concern of ocean engineers in this country. Numerous documents and illustrative material are included, however, relating to the policies of other states and to measures of international cooperation where these are particularly relevant to American interests or activities, or are instructive of other approaches to specific situations. Though the body of knowledge on this subject is undergoing considerable change, the present collection has selected and assembled for study those issues associated with increased utilization of the marine environment and is based on an original compilation used in the new Graduate Ocean Engineering degree program inaugurated by the Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering at M.I.T. The book will serve those who are currently involved, or plan to be, in the growing utilization of ocean resources. Government officials, engineers, industrialists, management experts and members of the voting public will find it a contribution to the advancement of knowledge of the seas and the considerations necessary for establishing more enlightened practices in its exploration and utilization as a natural resource.Ten chapters discuss the major facets of public policy: New Goals for National Policy; Territorial Waters and Contiguous Zones; The Continental Shelf; The Seas and International Law; Living Resources of the Sea and Their Regulation; Mineral Resources and Their Exploitation; Pollution of Waters; Safety of Life at Sea; Models for the Future; Political Process and the Future of National Ocean Policy.
The nature/nurture debate is not dead. Dichotomous views of development still underlie many fundamental debates in the biological and social sciences. Developmental systems theory (DST) offers a new conceptual framework with which to resolve such debates. DST views ontogeny as contingent cycles of interaction among a varied set of developmental resources, no one of which controls the process. These factors include DNA, cellular and organismic structure, and social and ecological interactions. DST has excited interest from a wide range of researchers, from molecular biologists to anthropologists, because of its ability to integrate evolutionary theory and other disciplines without falling into traditional oppositions.The book provides historical background to DST, recent theoretical findings on the mechanisms of heredity, applications of the DST framework to behavioral development, implications of DST for the philosophy of biology, and critical reactions to DST.
Rather than surveying theories and data in the manner characteristic of many introductory textbooks in the field, An Invitation to Cognitive Science employs a unique case study approach, presenting a focused research topic in some depth and relying on suggested readings to convey the breadth of views and results.
A mathematical framework for the study of learning in a variety of domains.
A collection of articles originally intended for use in a graduate course.
How interactive voice-based technology can tap into the automatic and powerful responses all speech-whether from human or machine-evokes.
A version of the copy theory of movement within the Minimalist Program according to which movement is an interaction among Copy, Merge, Form Chain, and Chain Reduction.
This book presents in detail a pair of models of the economics of climate change. The models, called RICE-99 (for the Regional Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy) and DICE-99 (for the Dynamic Integrated Model of Climate and the Economy) build on the authors' earlier work, particularly their RICE and DICE models of the early 1990s.
Noam Nisan continues the investigation into the power of randomization and the relationships between randomized and deterministic complexity classes by pursuing the idea of emulating randomness, or pseudorandom generation.
Using Muncie, Indiana, as a touchstone, David Nye explores how electricity seeped into and redefined American culture.
Industry veteran Raymond Nickerson provides an extensive introduction to the information technology revolution that is transforming industrial society.
"How do we, in the words of the National Environmental Policy Act, create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony and fulfill the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations of Americans? That effort is a new and urgent priority; but how can it be translated into workable practices in field, forest, mine, and manufacturing plant?"Man, Materials, and Environment begins with these questions and proceeds to provide some of the answers. It is not directly concerned with the question of resource depletion, which has been dealt with in another study sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences. Nor is its purpose the examination of the proper worldwide allocation of resources. Rather it is concerned with the problem of enhancing the environment by carefully tracing the economic and technological process involved in materials use and then determining how safeguards might be built into these processes in order to arrest and reverse the trend of physical and social degradation.The study was initiated by the Committee for International Environmental Programs for the Environmental Studies Board under a contract with the National omission on Materials Policy in 1972. Under the leadership of Dean Nathaniel Wollman of the University of New Mexico, a study committee and several study teams were assembled, representing a remarkable diversity of professional outlook. These study teams divided up among themselves a number of basic problem areas, and the central body of this volume presents their evaluations of them. In particular, they consider the economic implications of environmental quality and materials policy; the environmental quality and materials policy; the environmental problems associated with metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources, with fuel materials, and with forest products; the relations between environmental quality, basic materials policies, and the international economy; and the international legal determinants of national materials policy.In, addition, the opening chapter of the book blocks out the study committee's overall conclusions and recommendations, and the final chapter presents, for comparative purposes, a study of environmental and resource problems and policies in Japan.The book is the first to be published in the new MIT Press Environmental Studies Series, of which Gordon J. F. MacDonald is consulting editor.
An account of the complex, frequently contentious, issues of Internet governance and the formation of ICANN, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.
A balanced look at globalization and its potential environmental effects, both destructive and beneficial.
The national interest in large radio and radar telescope systems spans the entire engineering and scientific community, and there is every indication that the country will embark upon the construction of still more of these systems in the near future. Radio and radar astronomers now require very large mechanical devices. The system specifications lead to structural criteria which are unique and outside the immediate interest and/or capability of most of the structures community. Radio and radar telescopes and the radomes that may protect them are often enormous structures. Their design presents extremely complicated technological problems. These instruments must operate with precision in varied environments and environmental conditions. Radomes must protect radio and radar antennas without seriously interfering with the incoming information. The Office of Naval Research and MIT cosponsored an international conference in 1967 on the structural problems associated with large radio and radar telescope systems, the proceedings of which are collected here. The papers in this books deal with the problems outlined above from several points of view. The contents of the papers can be grouped roughly as follows: 1. Requirements and standards for supporting structures, tracking equipment, antennas, and radomes.2. Design and performance of existing systems. 3. Theoretical analysis of the structures of supporting structures, antennas, and radomes. In some cases the analysis is made for a structure under stress. Computer techniques are described for several problems.4. Methods for evaluating actual or predicted performance of various structures. Here again computer techniques are employed.
A detailed statistical case study of job changing in a New England city with diversified industries, citing the economic, geographical, social, and psychological factors conducive to worker stability and to worker mobility.
Highlights the roles of intention and intentionality in social cognition.
Authoritative and comprehensive, yet comprehensible. A remarkable blend of rigorous elegance and economic wisdom.
Incorporating historical, sociological, and philosophical approaches, Changing the Atmosphere presents detailed empirical studies of climate science and its uptake into public policy.
Volume 2 applies it to a number of specific issues in cognitive science and neuroscience, with chapters describing models of aspects of perception, memory, language, and thought.
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