Bücher veröffentlicht von MIT Press Ltd

Having played a central role at the inception of artificial intelligence research, machine learning has recently reemerged as a major area of study at the very core of the subject.

The promise of better living through chemistry has not always been kept. Chemical techniques were used to produce both penicillin and dynamite, penicillin can have harmful side effects while dynamite has beneficial uses. Insecticides have helped alleviate world hunger while they have disrupted global ecosystems. Numerous petrochemicals have made life both easier and more hazardous. The Two Faces of Chemistry presents a balanced view, weighing the assets and dangers of the whole range of modern chemical compounds and their byproducts, including food additives, natural foods, fertilizers, pesticides, drugs and other medications, cosmetics, soaps and detergents, plastics, artificial rubber, fluorocarbons, and leaded gasoline. Caglioti, an organic chemist who has written widely in the popular press, not only makes all this material clear and understandable to readers without technical background but also captures the drama that accompanied the development of new products and the revelation, often years later, that they could lead to devastating results. In each case - for example, in his accounts of the saccharin mess and the Pill - he carefully sifts through all the accumulated layers of controversy in order to arrive at an unbiased evaluation and assessment of risk. The book's coverage is worldwide, but most of the data is taken from those countries that use chemicals intensively: the United States, Western Europe, and Japan. The writer and chemist Primo Levi, states in his Foreword that underneath the statistics and technical data, which with good reason are plentiful, there flows through this book a silent current of wisdom, educational intent, and morality. While it does not attempt to dictate solutions, by its very character it teaches us how best to go about finding them.

In these two volumes, he analyzes doctor-patient communication and shows how doctors can use language for the maximum benefit of their patients.

Case studies from around the world and theoretical discussion show how the capacity to act collectively on local problems can be developed, strengthening democracy while changing social and economic outcomes.

Experts from academia, government, and nonprofit organizations offer an environmental justice perspective on Smart Growth, discussing equitable solutions to suburban sprawl and urban decay.

Lewis Branscomb and Philip Auerswald address early-stage, high-tech innovation in the context of business decision making and innovation policy.

In this original and provocative book, Bogdan proposes that the ability to interpret others' mental states should be viewed as an evolutionary adaptation.

Discusses how and why universities might restructure their graduate programs toward a greater sensitivity to society's needs.

New data, new contexts, and new tools for analyzing the structure and performance of regulatory institutions and policies.

How a competitive price structure in the healthcare industry would result in greater access to and higher quality of services.

This book brings together the methods, models and formulae used for estimating air pollution concentrations in urban areas.

This book reports the proceedings of the International Congress on the Education of Teachers of Physics in Secondary Schools, held in Eger, Hungary, during September 1970.

Fifteen of Bergson's most influential essays on social welfare, social choice theory, and socialist economics.

A history of physics up to the end of the classical era at the end of the 19th century, just before the discoveries of the subatom and relativity were made.

This book describes in non-technical language the behavior of common stock prices as revealed by formal statistical work.

The assembly of an archive of longitudinal data on the world's nation-states was undertaken by the Center for Comparative Political Research in 1968, with computer-facilitated procedures for the storage, reassembly, and retrieval of its content. The present volume is a cathode-ray-tube printout of a substantial portion of the CCPR file.

Richard Brauer (1901-1977) was one of the leading algebraists of this century. Although he contributed to a number of mathematical fields, Brauer devoted the major share of his efforts to the study of finite groups, a subject of considerable abstract interest and one that underlies many of the more recent advances in combinatorics and finite geometries.

A report on fabric and garment flammability research; a reference for fiber and textile technologists.

This volume contains the editors' survey of the proceedings of a Conference on Physics in General Education held in Rio de Janeiro in July, 1963.

This work describes current engineering practices and techniques in the fields of ceramics in the Soviet Union. Appearing for the first time in English, the book will be extremely useful as a text for ceramic education and as a reference guide for anyone in the field. Techniques are treated in detail not heretofore available.ContentsPreface - Part I, Building Ceramics: Classification of Products - Wall, Roof, and Facing Materials - Ceramzite (light, porous ceramic) - Stove Tiles and Majolica Parts - Stoneware - Part II, Refractory Materials: Classification of Refractories - Properties of Refractories - Chamotte Products - Products with a High Alumina Content - Dinas - Magnesite Refractories - Forsterite Refractories - Chromite Refractorries and Their mixture with Magnesites - Refractories Containing Zirconia - Dolomite Refractories - Refractories Containing Carbon - Highly Refractory Materials and Pure Oxide Products - Refractory Mortars, Cements, and Concrete, Light weight (heat-insulating) Refractories - Part III, Fine Ceramics: Raw Materials -Preparation of Ceramic Paster - Molding and Shaping - Kiln Drying and Firing - Glazing - Glazes - Ceramic Colors - Sorting, Finishing and Decorating - Porcelain - Household and Art China - Porcelain Used in Electrical Engineering - Electric Insulators and Other Parts Made of Special Pastes - Fine Stoneware - Faience and Semiporcelain - Faience and Semiporcelain for Sanitation and Building - Glazed Faience Tiles - Bibliography

The newest edition of the landmark survey of the history of American scientific societies, thoroughly expanded.

Thomas Bugge, Danish Astronomer Royal, spent six months in France in 1798-99 as his country's delegate to the International Commission on the Metric System, and while there he made a close study of the postrevolutionary scientific and cultural scene. Written up in the form of letters, these observations were later published as Travels in the French Republic. The present work includes much of this material, some published in English for the first time, the rest unavailable except in a scarce English edition of 1801. The editor's principle of selection has been to include, among others, those sections that relate in particular to the institutions of science in France, and he provides a commentary introducing each section.The institutions of modern science, and their relation to the state, were to a considerable extent developed or perfected in the France of the First Republic. The conference on the metric system mentioned earlier might be described as the world's first international scientific meeting. Specialized technical schools were being established in numerous fields as whole new technologies were developed. The government, for the first time in history, had begun to support science financially on a large scale and to employ scientists engaged in both military research and pure pursuits. Some prominent men of science held positions as ministers of state, while others were highly influential advisers to the government. And in many other ways science matured in this period, taking on the institutional form it retains to this day. There are a number of reasons why the state supported science so lavishly, among them its desire to expiate for the early excesses of the Revolution, marked by the disbanding of the Academie des sciences and the execution of Lavoisier. Also, science had proved its worth to the military: the work of such men as Monge, Fourcroy, de Morveau, and Berthollet in directing the manufacture of gunpowder and cannon helped stave off an invasion by foreign armies in 1793-94. Among the institutions of which Bugge gives a detailed account are the Ecole normale, the écoles centrales, the Ecole poly technique; schools for public service including the naval schools, the Ecole d'artillerie, and the Ecole des mines; the schools of medicine and pharmacy; the College de France; the Military Hospital for Instruction, and other medical institutions; the National Institute; the National Observatory and the Board of Longitude; the School of Military Ballooning; the Conservatoire des arts et metiers. Bugge also had interesting comments on the Louvre and the Bibliothèque Nationale.Other concerns taken up by Bugge and reprinted here are state expenditures on scientific and allied institutions for the year 1799, instruments and instrument makers, steam engines, powder factories, the metric system, and revolutionary festivals.

The story of MIT's contribution to the war effort, 1939-1945, including the role of MIT scientists in research and development at the national level as well as the activities on the campus.

If they shape one common theme, these collected papers clearly indicate the directions of current research in archaeological chemistry--a term that, taken in a broad sense, includes techniques and methodologies of many areas of science other than chemistry. Dr. Brill, in fact, advocates use of the term "archaeometry" (coined by Dr. E. T. Hall of Oxford University) to describe more accurately the work of quite a few investigators in the field.Twenty-one chapters by distinguished contributors are organized in three main categories according to research objectives. Part One contains investigations of individual objects or small groups of objects, describing how they were made and their places in the early history of technology or science. Studies in Part Two consist of analyses of such diverse materials as metals, pottery, obsidian, and amber to uncover patterns of chemical composition for the classification of fragments according to provenance or date. A number of chapters in this section deal with neutron-activation analysis. The book's final part describes four techniques used for dating archaeological objects.The volume is generous in scope, ranging over a variety of approaches and motivations, research tools, and archaeological materials. Some of the more technically advanced studies cover up-to-date and complex instrumentation for analyzing samples more accurately, more rapidly, and with greater convenience than before, while others emphasize the detailed handling or "autopsy" of the objects themselves. The material in this book was originally prepared for the Fourth Symposium on Archaeological Chemistry, sponsored by the Division of the History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society in 1968.Dr. Brill cites several problems that should form the basis for further research: the criteria for selecting what is necessary and significant from increasingly unwieldy bodies of data; the means by which findings in this field can be used in a more than descriptive manner to reveal something new about early man; and the continued necessity for close cooperation between the archaeometrist and archaeologist. The former, Dr. Brill points out, must take a major part in interpreting his findings and not merely leave his tabulations and statistical correlations to the historian and archaeologist.

The book is the first to treat the food industry as a systematic whole--or, more exactly, to identify the ways in which it can be made into such a whole, with better couplings at the junctures between manufacturing/processing/transporting/warehousing/retailing.

An objective, systematic, and automated program of research into the origins, development, and termination of war, and into the means of its control.

A companion volume to War: Patterns of Conflict.

This thesaurus provides an indispensable tool in the area of textile information storage and retrieval. At present there is no comparable reference work in the field. It contains terms relating to all segments of the textile industrial complex from fiber producer to machinery maker to consumer goods testing laboratories, and is intended to provide a controlled vocabulary for all textile terms from the chemical stage to the marketing end. It will provide a quick and valuable reference guide to users of textile research and engineering literature and provide a source of specialized and accurate terminology for authors, editors, indexers, information specialists, and librarians, as well as inventors and patent lawyers.The focal point of this compilation of the language and literature of textiles was the textile mill and/or finishing plant, i.e., the core of the industry. The details of terminology were determined from the viewpoint of this manufacturing nucleus. The thesaurus contains 8000 key words and 72,000 relationships. Its coverage will serve the needs from fiber producer, textile manufacturer and finisher, distributor of clothing, producer of textile auxiliaries and dyes, the maker of textile machinery, and materials-testing governmental laboratories, to retailing organizations and consumer groups. The work is in computer printout form and was developed and prepared as part of the textile information program conducted in the Fibers and Polymers Division, M.I.T., under sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Commerce. It has already been translated into French and the Nordic languages and will fill the growing need for a guide to the international literature of textile materials and processes.

The purpose of this book is to demonstrate how the concepts and methods of state variables can be used advantageously in analyzing a variety of communication theory problems.

The result of a six-year effort to base the second year of a two-year physics course on atomic physics; covers electricity and magnetism, optics, wave mechanics, and atomic physics.