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Quality Control for Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Preparations is an exam guide for Pharmacy students. It includes Quality control tests for both Pharmaceutical dosage forms and Cosmetic preparations. As it is an advanced course for the pharmacy program, the important key points, test procedures, and international regulatory requirements are covered in this book. This book is also very useful for Industrial pharmacists, Quality controllers, entrepreneurs, and Principle scientists.

Pakistan has rich history on the folk use of plants. There are more than 6,000 species of higher plants. Medicinal plants are widely used in the health-care system all over the world. The potential value of medicinal compounds derived from plants has been proposed as a tangible benefit of biodiversity and therefore a basis for promoting its conservation.The fact that ecosystems based on medicinal plants support high levels of biodiversity is also widely acknowledged. It has also raised awareness of the potential advantages these plants may have in the future among decision-makers, financiers, and development organizations. This has encouraged many forward-thinking and inventive farmers to pursue this form of farming as a business enterprise.

The known world you know could not exist without electromagnetic energy. The term radiation refers to energy in the electromagnetic spectrum, visible light, ultraviolet light and infrared are non-ionizing radiations. Gamma rays are photons, which are type of elementary particles traveling at the speed of light with zero mass and zero charge, have much shorter wavelengths, are called ionizing radiations because they are capable of producing ions by knocking electrons out of the normal orbits of atoms or molecules. Ultraviolet light plays important part of our daily lives than most people realize, where it is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than of visible light, but longer than x-rays or it is a form of non-ionizing radiation emitted from the sun and artificial sources and its beneficial effect is production of a vitamin D. Only a few studies are available in literature about the effect of radiation on structure and antioxidants of seeds. For this reason, this book is interesting for scientist and who works in agriculture, pharmacology and bioengineering because it contains new and not available research data.

The placenta is formed as a result of the process of implantation, proliferation, and differentiation of the trophoblast; it is a vital organ for the survival, growth, and development of the embryo and fetus. The gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as abnormal or impaired glucose metabolism before pregnancy and it initially appears during pregnancy. A decrease in insulin sensitivity(increase insulin resistance) is normally seen during pregnancy to spare the glucose for the fetus.

Preface City of Mosul is one of the important Iraqi cities that has been distinguished from other Iraqi cities with civilized features that affected the character of its social life, throughout its long social history, which gave the city a unique cultural depth. It seems that the Islamic conquest of the city of Mosul in 16 AH was a shining station in the history and character of the city, when Islamic religion entered it with Arab tribes who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula. The city acquired a new and bright civilized reputation depending on the new Islamic culture with its values, principles, morals and ideals. Thus, the province of Mosul remained throughout the Umayyad and Abbasid eras ruled by Muslim rulers and princes. Many states were established in Mosul during that period, including the Hamdaniyah, Aqiliyah, Atabegiyah and other emirates and countries. After the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate in 656 AH / 1258 AD by the Tatar Mongol invasion, city of Mosul was governed by the Mongol ruler in 1260 AD. The city, like other Iraqi cities, suffered from oppression, persecution, killing and destruction, which prompted many of its people to leave out of it.

Cet ouvrage reprend sous une forme sensiblement plus élaborée un cours de maîtrise enseigné à l'université Amar Telidji Laghouat, Algérie. Il suppose connus les éléments de bases de topologie générale, d'intégration et de calcul différentiel. La première partie concerne l¿espaces de Sobolev ainsi la classification des E.D.P linéaires d¿ordre deux, rappel sur les distributions, espace de Sobolev, théorème de trace, les théorèmes d¿injection de Sobolev et de compacité de Rellich. La deuxième partie concerne la formulation variationnelle des problèmes aux limites et application à quelques problèmes concret.

Cette présente étude a pour but de déterminer la composition chimique d'une huile essentielle extraite de Lavandula angustifolia et d¿évaluer la toxicité et la répulsion de cette huile et ses composés majoritaires ainsi que les extraits hydroalcooliques à l¿égard des adultes d¿un coléoptère ravageur, Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Le criblage phytochimique de la plante révèle la présence des flavonoïdes, des tanins, des leucoanthocyanes, des saponines, des terpénoïdes et des stéroïdes. La composition chimique déterminée par CPG-SM révèle la présence de cinquante-six constituants. Cette huile présente une activité insecticide et répulsive contre cette espèce. Les biomarqueurs enzymatiques et non-enzymatiques déterminés chez les adultes traités ont révélé un effet neurotoxique et une induction du système de détoxication. Par ailleurs, l¿étude biochimique montre que l¿HE induit une diminution des réserves nutritionnelles et des acides nucléiques. Les résultats de l¿activité anti-appétante révèlent une diminution des indices nutritionnels accompagnée d¿une perturbation des enzymes digestives.

A speaker¿s success is measured by the effect on addressees' conviction and the ability to change their behavior. Changing convictions demands linguistic skills requirement contemplating texts and deducing the included skills as well as putting them in specific linguistic rules that help change convictions. The study aims to identify the role of linguistic skills in changing convictions. The study's objective limitations tackled the true prophetic speech written down in the specialized Sunna books; Sahih Al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Musnad Ahmad, Sunan Al-Tirmidhi, and Sunan Ibn Majah. The most important findings of the study revealed that the linguistic skills affecting the addressees' convictions change are nine skills.

This book represents an attempt to investigate the effect of gender on the use of persuasion in English commercial advertisements. A sample of 100 advertisements has been used in tis respect. The data involves 50 male and 50 female advertisements of various topics. The findings have shown significant differences between the male and the female advertisements as far as the use of persuasion is concerned. Such findings can be implemented in various areas of research and English language use.

Ophtymon plant (Cuscutapentagona) is one of the most famous parasitic plants from the desert ivy family. This annual plant grows in spring and attacks its host plants. The ophitemon plant with yellow-orange veins has no roots and spreads its leaves and needs to be connected to other plants for its survival and reproduction. Recently, it has been shown that its leaves perceive the aromatic substances of the host plant. Once established on the host, its hair-like trunk wraps twice around the host stem and produces sucker-like root stems and penetrates the host tissue and uses the plant's vascular roots to absorb nutrients and water. A recent molecular study shows that two genes of aquaporin and (TRAMP) and cell wall modifying enzyme (LeXTH1) are expressed in tomato in the unsuccessful attack of ophtymon, but their role in the defense mechanism is not clear. Also, the ophitemon plant is relatively hot and dry in nature, and medicinally it has shown good results for nervous diseases, insanity, melancholy, headache, joint pain and cancer. The methanolic extract of ophitemon has an antioxidant function that protects the human body from oxidative damage attributed to free radical.

Today, most of the transactions that are regulated regarding immovable property are normal, and the conflict between social realities or registration regulations, etc., has caused many problems in the society and especially in the courts of law. According to articles 46 and 47 of the document registration law, many transfers regarding real estate interests must be registered. Otherwise, according to article 48 of the registration law, such documents will not be accepted in any of the offices and courts. Looking at the provisions of the registration law and examining the results of its implementation, it becomes clear that the goals of establishing these regulations are to create legal order in the financial and transactional relationships of individuals as much as possible, and to eliminate ambiguity and eliminate the source of conflict, and to narrow the field of lawsuits and disputes as much as possible. It has also been to provide the conditions of the nobility and the control of the ruling powers over property and transactions and the possibility of making decisions and planning necessary for the administration of the country.

Skilled and efficient manpower is the most precious and precious wealth of any country. Despite having abundant natural resources, many societies are unable to use these divine gifts due to the lack of competent and worthy human resources, and they spend their days in hardship. Despite the lack of natural resources, other nations have reached comfort and prosperity as a result of having experienced and suitable human resources, and they are taking long and steady steps on the path of progress and progress. Most of the experts attribute the changes and transformations of the business world to the increasing access to technology, intense competition in the development of technology, the globalization of markets and business competition, the rapid growth of access to technology, changes in the number of salaries and job skills, environmental responsibility. They know the environment, limited resources, and most importantly, the increase in customer expectations. Therefore, in such an environment, it is not possible to guide and control organizations in a traditional way with past methods.

Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Muhammed Al-Khaqani is a highly respected religious authority in the Islamic world. His contributions to the field of Islamic philosophy and methodology of research have greatly influenced the way scholars and practitioners of the faith approach their work. This book serves as an in-depth exploration of his ideas and principles, giving readers a comprehensive look at his beliefs and methodologies this book is an excellent resource for anyone interested in learning more about Sheikh Muhammed Al-Khaqani's work and philosophy. It offers a detailed and nuanced portrait of this important religious figure, and it provides valuable insights into the methods and principles that guide his thinking. Whether you are a scholar, a practitioner of Islam, or simply someone interested in learning more about this rich and complex faith, this book is an excellent place to start.

The Islamic world, with a population of more than one billion people, is a large demographic, cultural, economic and political pole, covering a vast area of the earth that has strong capabilities for convergence. From the point of view of political geography, most of the Islamic countries are in the first stages of the political organization of space. In these countries, the population is increasing rapidly. In terms of geopolitics, there are also issues in the Islamic world. The Islamic countries located in the middle east and north Africa suffer from the natural and geographical problem of water scarcity, which has created a challenge between countries with shared water basins and has turned water into a geopolitical issue. On the other hand, the Islamic world has considerable areas of convergence, which is the largest reservoir of energy at the disposal of the Islamic world. Due to the declining energy hydrocarbon resources in other areas, the Persian Gulf region will continue to be a serious concern of the world economy for at least the next quarter of a century due to its huge energy resources, and this feature is enough for the geopolitics of this region.

A look at the stages of historical development of many cities in our country leads us to the fact that although urban development in them was accompanied by quantitative development of the city and an increase in construction along with an increase in urban incomes, but in terms of environmental quality, this development has been associated with many challenges. One of the constant problems of our cities today is the lack of recreational and tourism spaces. Tourism has become the basis for idea generation, entertainment and recreation, job creation and entrepreneurship, and in a more modern form has become an interconnected network of economic, social, civil and cultural infrastructures. Meanwhile, the vast country of Iran, with its extensive cultural, heritage and natural attractions, is one of the top countries in the world in terms of tourist attractions and has many potentials for the development of tourism, tourism and leisure at the national level and is international.

Malgré l¿importance de l¿épreuve de Chimie Organique Pharmaceutique en Pharmacie ; pour construire de bonnes bases en Chimie Thérapeutique, peu d¿ouvrages sont rédigés en ce sujet en Algérie.L¿Edition de ce livre vise principalement à pallier au problème de manque d¿ouvrages en Chimie, il reprend les Q.C.M de douze années d¿expérience de l'auteur à la faculté de Médecine Annaba. Cet ouvrage est conçu dans un double objectifs, d¿une part faire le lien entre la Chimie Organique et la Chimie Thérapeutique, d¿autre part ; donner un manuel de 70 exercices et 150 QCM avec solutions pour la préparation des examens de première année Pharmacie et le passage de concours de résidanat.

Stem cells are the raw materials of the body. Cells from which all other cells with special functions are produced. These cells have many applications in the treatment of many diseases. Due to the unique ability of stem cells, these cells are one of the most attractive topics in biology and medical sciences today. Also, research in this field has increased our knowledge about how an organ grows and develops from a single cell, and more importantly, it has helped to understand the mechanism of replacement of healthy cells with damaged cells. In the following, we want to examine the effect of stem cells on a number of diseases. These cells divide under suitable conditions in the body or in the laboratory and form more cells called daughter cells. Daughter cells either become new stem cells (self-renewal) or become specialized cells (differentiation) with a more specialized function, such as blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells, or bone cells. No other cell in the body has the natural ability to produce new cells. Of course, these cells are not only used to make replacement nerve cells for transplantation.

Examining the Iraqi army's aggression by taking into account the political, economic and military situation of the parties will provide researchers with some subtle points and will help to organize and analyze this incident in the history of our country. One of the important parts of this incident is the complex role of governments and organizations claiming human rights and their positions during the eight years of war. Knowing the causes, goals and contexts of Iraq's war against Iran is not only a library issue, but is among strategic studies and practical issues in the field of Iran's national security and interests. However, for more than four hundred years, we have been afraid, confused and sometimes suffering from the border disputes in the west of our country, and the most important of these sufferings is the eight-year war, which was unprecedented in terms of duration in the 20th century.

Among Canadian poets and novelists, Gwendolyn MacEwen is recognized as a prolific and extravagant writer of great tendency towards myth-making and mysticism. MacEwen voices for creating a world which answers her hunger for the ideal, order and perfection. From an early age, she shows an attention to write poetry and her writing concentrates on producing poetry for the sake of both enlightenment and enjoyment. Further, the use of myth in Gwendolyn MacEwen¿s poetry stands for a major technique for rendering the ideal form of life that she finds in the civilizations of the past and in faraway cultures other than Canada. Her extremely profound attraction towards middle-eastern culture is illuminated through her poetry and fiction writings. She aims at writing about the world of the middle-east so as to enrich her Canadian tradition with those great and marvelous monuments of glory her Canadian culture lacks. The turning towards the culture of the middle-east is one attempt by which MacEwen searches the magical and the mythical from the mundane and ordinary world. MacEwen¿s use of mythology is defined in terms of presenting essential view-points which concern modern man¿s existence

In The Paradise Lost, there is a well-known fuzziness between the authority of paganism and biblical tradition. The poem exhorts its audience to believe in the biblical narrative of Creation, but Milton's radical theodicy is unrestrained by conventional theological beliefs. Although Milton's ecclesiastical writings purport to express the ways of God to humanity, the great classic poets have ironically affected and "anxiously" inspired his presentation of them. The poem's representation of the biblical paradigm cannot be separated from the paganism it appears to be edging more and further away from.

The growing trend of the world's population and the subsequent increase in protein needs have caused humans to consume aquatics, including fish. Also, the reduction of human aquatic resources has prompted him to take measures for the extensive breeding of aquatic animals in small and limited aquatic environments. Today, the demand for fish consumption is increasing in all parts of the world. For this reason, rapid progress in research programs will be needed, especially in the field of reproduction, breeding, nutrition, genetics and management of breeding systems. Global demand for consumption of fish and marine products is influenced by three factors: Population growth, income and price. It is predicted that the global demand for fish and seafood consumption will reach more than 100 million tons in the next few years (FAO, 2008). In order to make more use of production systems, we should look for solutions such as breeding, improving nutrition, or correct breeding management. Meanwhile, breeding, which is done to change the genetic capacity for the desired economic traits, is of particular importance.

Today, food safety is an important public health topic of the society. It is estimated that about 30% of people in industrialized countries suffer from foodborne diseases. According to the report of the World Health Organization, 9 million people in the world die every year due to poisoning caused by consuming contaminated food and water. Diseases resulting from the consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria are of great importance in public health and cause financial and human losses to societies every year. For example, in Canada, the cost of treating diseases caused by consuming meat contaminated with food pathogens is more than 500 million dollars per year. Since consumers are not sure about the safety of foods that contain synthetic preservatives, they tend to consume natural foods that use natural products as preservatives instead of chemical preservatives. One of the ways to produce healthy food is to use materials with natural structure. Using essential oils and plant extracts as antibacterial and antifungal additives is one of these methods.

Literary schools are a set of theories and characteristics that arise in the literature of one or more countries in the cultural, social and political conditions of a period. These characteristics are usually common in the works of a group of writers and poets and distinguish their works from the works of other writers and poets. Then, through the followers they have found for themselves, they have allocated a short or long period. Movements or so-called literary isms, in this topic, different literary works of different periods have been classified and named in terms of common features and characteristics, and in the discussion of the history of literature of each period or the works of each author or poet, these classifications are used and their characteristics are noticed and in fact, these schools are used as one of the criteria for criticizing and evaluating literary works. The word "Literary school" is used for the literary and artistic principles and theories that dominate the field of literature and art for various reasons in a certain period, and most of the writers or artists of that period are expected to follow these principles.

Le présent livre se veut un retour sur la notion de Destin et du Hasard dans le théâtre de Marivaux. Précisons dès lors que cette réflexion ne prétend pas être un compte rendu mais une note de lecture et une tentative de proposer modestement un arrière-plan méditatif de ses ¿uvres.En effet, le théâtre de Marivaux côtoie les grandes littératures du monde grâce à son regard horizontain et grâce à ses différentes perspectives ouvertes sur les autres champs épistémologiques. Son ¿uvre s¿inscrit dans le sillage de la «DieWeltliteratur.Le théâtre de Marivaux agit comme un mécanisme de dévoilement des masques que se donnent les comédiens, d'abord à travers les déguisements successifs dont ils s'affublent pour sonder les c¿urs de leurs soupirants. Il s'agit donc de masques corporels, mais aussi des masques du langage, de l'esprit, ou des discours à travers lesquels ils expriment les ambiguïtés de leurs sentiments et de leurs passions. Enfin, il s'agit aussi des masques sociaux qui composent le corps politique.

Gum recession is a process in which the edge of the gum tissue that surrounds the teeth disappears and recedes, and more of the tooth or tooth root is exposed. This pit becomes a place for the accumulation of food particles and bacteria. If this condition is not treated, the soft tissues and bone supporting the tooth will be severely damaged and eventually you may lose your tooth. Gum recession is a common dental problem. Most people do not notice their receding gums because it happens gradually. The first sign of gingivitis is tooth sensitivity to cold or hot foods or drinks. The tooth may also appear longer than before. You can usually feel the gap or gap around the gum line attached to the tooth. If the gingival erosion is to the extent that a little regression has occurred, the dentist can treat it only by scaling and deep cleaning of this area. In root planning, the dentist uses a special tool to carefully clean the surfaces of the tooth that are under the gums and have accumulated plaque and smooth the surface of the root of the tooth so that less plaque sticks to it and does not become a place for bacteria.

In the hyper-competitive era, organizations are located in an environment that is characterized by increasing complexity, globalization and dynamism, so organizations face new challenges for their continuity and establishment, and overcoming these challenges requires more attention to the development and strengthening of skills and abilities. It is internal that this work is done through the foundations of organizational knowledge and intellectual capital that organizations use to achieve better performance in the business world. Knowledge and intellectual capital have been recognized as sustainable strategies for obtaining and maintaining the competitive advantage of organizations. On the other hand, any organization created with human power will not be able to survive without it. Therefore, recognizing the needs, motivations, inclinations, factors of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of employees as one of the competitive advantages of the organization is not only necessary, but also necessary to adopt correct policies, appropriate strategies and effective programs.

Today, housing is apparently only a place to live, not for the mental and emotional peace of family members. Because many of the profit seekers and material worshipers of the western world design a house that is the only source of their profit, and soul and spirit have become meaningless for them, and only its luxurious and seductive appearance is the priority, and this is exactly the opposite of Iranian architecture. It is necessary to emphasize that at the beginning we must make it clear that we are not against the development of architecture and the use of the latest facilities in building construction. The main goal is that our architecture does not become more westernized. Because if our architecture becomes westernized, the foothold of western industrial products for consumption in the country will become so strong that our market will eventually become westernized and as a result we will lose our national identity and trust in all supplies and become completely dependent on the west. If the house is built in a western style, its materials will also be western, and the decoration of the house will be western instead of plastering and tiling.

Several medications derived from cannabis that has been refined and standardized are now accessible for medical use. However, the use of herbal cannabis for medical purposes is still quite debatable. The active element in cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD), and a couple of synthetic cannabis-like medications, dronabinol, and nabilone, are examples of products that have received FDA approval. While some European nations authorize the use of herbal cannabis for therapeutic purposes, it's forbidden in the UK. However, it does permit the prescription of nabiximols, a cannabis-based medication.

La prévalence de l¿atteinte oculaire au cours des leucémies aigües (LA) varie selon les études. Elle peut être due à une infiltration directe par les cellules leucémiques ou être secondaire aux anomalies de la crase sanguine. Les manifestations oculaires peuvent apparaitre précocement aidant au diagnostic de la maladie ou tardivement révélant parfois une rechute. L¿objectif de notre travail était de décrire les différentes lésions oculaires survenant au cours des LA et de rechercher leurs associations avec les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, biologiques et pronostiques de la maladie.

Excavation projects in urban areas are encountered with some problems. Thus the engineers should consider an appropriate margin of safety for design and construction. Conventional methods of slope stability analysis are usually based on limit state analysis and factor of safety criterion. These methods do not take into account the uncertainties. It is attempted to utilize the risk based approaches to overcome those deficiencies. In this approach, the safety factor is determined based on the parameters pertinent to uncertainties and level of acceptable risk. These methods can be used to evaluate the risk of failure and the necessary measures to control the risks. Monte Carlo simulation method is a probabilistic assessment tools to quantify the uncertainties. In the present research, slope stability of nailed wall has been investigated utilizing Monte Carlo simulation and the reliability index and probability of failure has been computed.