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L¿évaluation de l¿impact social (EIS) est aujourd¿hui l¿un des plus grands enjeux liés au développement de l¿entrepreneuriat social. Ce champ est caractérisé par une inflation d¿outils et méthodes d¿évaluation (plus de 35 méthodes recensées). Ces outils s¿inscrivent majoritairement dans une logique financière et ont un caractère contextuel. Autrement dit, ils servent des objectifs spécifiques liés au contexte de leur conception et sont rarement adaptés aux besoins des entrepreneurs sociaux. Par ailleurs, la majorité des outils ont été conçus dans les pays développés sur les deux côtés de l¿Atlantique (Etats Unis, Europe). Cette thèse propose un outil d¿évaluation d¿impact social inspiré du contexte marocain qui permet de comprendre le cadre logique dans lequel l¿impact social se génère, de le mesurer selon une démarche rigoureuse et de le communiquer aux différentes parties prenantes. Cet outil est élaboré sur la base d¿une étude exploratoire pour déceler les besoins des acteurs marocains en termes d¿évaluation de l¿impact social. Cette étude a été appuyée par une recherche intervention pour concevoir l¿outil et l¿implémenter pour évaluer le programme d¿incubation Dare Inc.

An agreement governing the technical, financial and legal relationship between two or more parties to perform any act, provided that such action is not contrary to law. Engineering contracts govern the relationship between the parties involved in the engineering project and must be clear and precise in determining the rights and duties. This identification is one of the key factors for successful completion of contracted work in a timely manner. For the contract to be valuable, it must be in accordance with the law, otherwise it becomes meaningless and can not be implemented or adopted as a judgment or evidence in judicial proceedings. There is a difference between government contracts and private contracts. Government contracts are an administration, and government contracts rely on open competition, unless there is a reason for excluding them. Usually the tender is awarded to the lowest competitors, the cost and the choice of others.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Cancer is responsible for one in eight deaths worldwide more than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria together. Any practical solution to controlling the initiation and progression of cancer is of paramount importance.The use of medicinal plant products to manage or arrest the carcinogenic process provides an alternative to the use of conventional allopathic medicine radiation therapy, chemotherapy for treatment of the disease. The anticancer characteristics of a number of plants are still being actively examined and some have shown promising results. Some plants and plant products that have shown promise as anticancer agents Plants still have enormous potential to provide new drugs and are, therefore, a reservoir of natural chemicals that can provide a potential against cancer. Recently, there has been extensive research directed toward evaluation of plant extracts and protective factors, and which has significant potential to prevent cancer-causing factors. As a result, it has led to the discovery of effective herbs and clarifies the basic mechanisms, and it is possible to lead to the developm.

For several decades, antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in prophylactic doses have been used in animal feed to improve animal welfare and to obtain economic benefits in terms of improved animal performance and reduced medication costs. However, there are increasing concerns about the risk of developing cross-resistance and multiple-antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria both in man and livestock, linked to the therapeutic and subtherapeutic uses of antibiotics in livestock and pets. The European Union has banned all of in-feed use of antibiotics from 2006 and the use of antibiotics in feed is being considered for elimination (or intense regulation) in other parts of the world. This perspective has stimulated nutritionists and feed manufacturers to search for new, safer alternatives.

Nothing but the Shadow and Other Short Stories is a collection of very interesting and real short stories that tackle the Eastern Society traditions and attitude towards love and other issues that burden Eastern people and make them desire for escaping their reality to an imaginative world to achieve what cannot be achieved in reality as freedom , self-determination and love .

Cigarette smoke contain more than 3500 materials some of it are toxic and carcinogenic also it contains large amount of free radicals. Many researchers confirm that cigarette smoke cause number of diseases such as cardiovascular and arterial diseases Follow up of atherosclerosis requires years to observe the progression and occurrence of the disease, so to determine the essential factors that help us in early detection of atherosclerosis before appearance of sign and symptoms which may appear early or later on depending on avoiding conditions that may lead to or exacerbate atherosclerosis, we designate to study the followings in relation to atherosclerosis, which are: 1. Factors result in oxidative stress (free radicals). 2. Inflammations. 3. Blood thrombosis.

Cet ouvrage constitue une introduction générale à la microbiologie, l¿immunologie et la parasitologie. Il fait partie des curricula d¿enseignements théoriques destinés aux étudiants des Instituts Supérieurs des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé (ISPITS), et vise l¿acquisition des savoirs et notions de base qui marquent l'évolution de ces trois disciplines de la biologie. Il s¿agit de connaître et d¿identifier les agents pathogènes infectant l'Homme, notamment les virus, les bactéries, les champignons et les parasites, d¿étudier leurs classifications et caractéristiques anatomiques et physiologiques, les infections qui leur sont associées, ainsi que les procédés déployés dans la lutte contre les différents microorganismes pathogènes. Sont traités également, le système immunitaire et les mécanismes de défense de l¿organisme contre les agents du soi et du non-soi, qui perturbent son homéostasie. Au final, les étudiants seront amenés à développer des capacités d¿apprentissage de façon autonome et à adapter, en cas de pathologie ou de dysfonctionnement de l¿organismes, les soins infirmiers appropriés selon les différentes situations cliniques et réalités professionnelles.

A simple, sensitive, accurate and low cost effective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Tetracycline, Doxycycline and methyldopa in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the reaction of methyldopa with 4-aminoantipyren (4-AAP) in presence of potassium ferriecyanide (PFC) in an alkaline medium. Two optimization methods were applied to determine the optimum conditions of oxidizing coupling reaction variables; univariate and design of experiment (DOE) method. The conditions effecting the reaction; pH, buffer Volume, reagent concentration, oxidant concentration, type of buffer, order of addition, time of reaction and stability were optimized. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of the some drug tablets formulation.

Both Al-Mawardi and Sayyed Qutb are considered as Islamic intellectuals who theorize for the ordinances of government, but each one of them was influenced by the cultural, social, and political contexts and circumstances of his own epoch. This study looks into the concepts of imamate/ caliphate, Al-¿¿kimiyya, Al-Jih¿d, and Al-J¿hiliyya in the theory of the ordinances of government. Also, it will try to find the link between Abbasid Al-Mawardi down to the Egyptian Islamist Sayyed Qutb.

Libraries in our Arab world have few books on translation from Arabic into English and vice versa, that may instigate thinking of students and even translators. A book of this kind which is being brought out to give to the students of translation and translators another source. It may be found to have enriched the existing literature by putting most of the relevant material at various chapters and by providing to the needy students and translators; a compact book on the subject.

With the development of laser technology, especially with production of ultra-short pulsed lasers in the range of (10-9-10-18) sec, a possibility of generating and transmitting a large amount of data with Gigahertz multiples. This is reflected in the great advances in communication and internet services, computer's processors, guided weapons and others. Many techniques were introduced to be used in the action of photonic switching including the use of Kerr effect in the crystals as well as the use of Fabry-Perot etalon and other modulator. As a result, new technologies were emerged, such as optical computer. Switching is a fundamental activity in communication networks. In addition, it is a basic operation in advanced PCs and signal processing systems. The present rapid development of high rate fiber optic communication systems has driven a requirement high frequency repeaters and terminal systems for ultra-fast photonic switches. Similarly, the potential for optical processing and computing can only be realized if large arrays of high speed photonic switches, gates and memory elements are developed.

The experiment was conducted in Darmali village, River Nile State, Sudan, to design an air compressor, which will be installed in the rear of tractor and operated from the tractor PTO shaft. An air container was added for air saving under pressure. The installation included three iron frames A, B and C in addition to flexible hoses and air pressure gauges. The compressor tests were carried out for three types of tires: 10//, 16// and 38// (three times a day, 10 am, 12 midday and 3 pm). It was compared with two air filling mechanisms, manual and in a workshop. Obtained results showed that the difference on fuel consumption between loaded and unloaded compressor was 103.2 ml/hr. Also the results indicated that the compressor had no significant effect on fuel consumption during operation although it was significantly affected the time taken for tires air filling. The time taken for air filling for the tires 10//, 16// and 38// was (0.73 hr, 4 hr and 0.01 hr), (2 hr, 4 hr and 0.05 hr) and (7.3 hr, 4 hr and 0.12 hr) with manually, in workshop and by designed compressor, respectively.

This course book comes under English for Specific Purposes (ESP) materials which is designed for teachers and students as well. The former can use it as a reference teaching textbook in the classroom for they can choose topics that may be relevant to the major of their students; the latter may use it on their own as a self-study material in order to improve and enrich their vocabulary in management, finance, accounting and the other related majors. Additionally, the subjects used in this course book are entirely seen by the students in other courses, which are usually delivered to them in Arabic or French. This will help them learn the same concepts in different languages so as to better understand them. For this reason, most of the lessons are accompanied by a trilingual lexicon that contains a list of the key terms seen earlier in the lesson. On the other hand, and unlike textbooks of this kind, we thought it would be more relevant if we start the book by an English placement test to help the teachers group their students in accordance with their level of English.

Back- formation in English is one of the processes of word-formation, whereby new verbs are derived from already existing nouns by deleting what is thought to be a suffix. In Arabic, the case is different; back-formation is considered a derivational process called ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿derivation from the noun¿ in which new verbs are formed by applying the processes of affixation, infixation and substitution. In other words, in English it is a deletion process whereas in Arabic it is a process of addition and modification. Antonomasia is another word-formation process in English, in which new verbs, nouns and adjectives are derived from proper names. In Arabic, antonomasia is a ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ under subsumed process derivational whereby only verbs can be derived from proper names. The present contrastive study investigates the two word-formation processes back-formation and antonomasia in English and their Arabic counterparts, so as to shed light on the points of similarity and difference between the two languages. The present study is based on the following hypotheses: 1. The points of difference between English back-formation and its Arabic counterpart are more than the points o

Dear reader-user, We are grateful to "Al mighty ALLAH" who gave us all the strength, courage, Preservation and patience to finish this book. We also thankful to our parents and teachers who support us for completing this work. This book is designed to provide guidance on the development and/or review of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) case for use in the nursing schools performance-based examinations. Our hope is that this book will better prepare our content experts to develop cases that lead to a fair and valid assessment of candidates¿ abilities. Although case-writing is an iterative process which requires several rounds of review and revision, we have divided the process of OSCE case development into eight steps intended to be performed sequentially. This book is intended to provide a comprehensive review of all issues re¬lated to the development and administration of an OSCE. There are many challenges ensuring the right standards of care given by our undergraduate and postgraduate nursing students. In this respect the authors would like to acknowledge the enormously important roles that all our professional colleagues contribute with.

La diversité des domaines d¿application et la croissance quasi-exponentielle des demandes industrielles rendent nécessaires l¿élaboration de nouvelles structures de machines synchrones à aimants permanents. Ce travail traite de la détermination d¿une structure de machine synchrone à aimant permanent capable de générer un couple de détente élevé, en utilisant la méthode des éléments finis à travers le logiciel FEMM piloté par le logiciel Matlab. Il est montré dans ce travail qüen réalisant une structure de machine synchrone à aimants permanents à rotor et à plots statoriques dentés, le couple de détente généré est important en amplitude par rapport à une structure classique de mêmes dimensions. Toutefois, la période et la forme de ce couple de détente peuvent être ajustées en respectant certaines conditions données sur le nombre de dents au rotor et au stator, le nombre de paires de pôles, le nombre de plots statoriques et enfin la largeur de la dent.

This study predicted Brexit in 2014. It displays the way the British press waged a campaign against the new comers from Eastern Europe using stereotypes and forlorn myths about the Romani people. Media and press used this minority to warn people against the pro-immigration agendas and to reinforce the idea that UK was to be the biggest loser in that multiculturalism and diversity game. Romani people were again scapegoated to prove to the British people that they better not open the borders.

Evaluating the quality of English translations of prophetic sayings is crucial to ensure that the Islamic teachings are passed on faithfully to the target receptors. The book aims at assessing an English translation of Imam An-Nawawi's Forty Hadiths using Megrab's (1997) text-linguistic approach to translating prophetic traditions on the basis of the seven standards of textuality introduced by de Beaugrande and Dressler (1981) namely cohesion; coherence; intentionality; acceptability; informativity; situationality; intertextuality respectively. According to Megrab (1997), a good translation of prophetic sayings maintaining their sensitive and religious nature can be produced, if the seven standards of textuality are met. This book includes two main parts: the theoretical background of the model adopted in this study and the application of this model to the major source of data through assessing the English translation of An-Nawawi's Forty Hadiths on the basis of the seven textuality attributes. The author concludes that the English translation of An-Nawawi's Forty Hadiths, the one under assessment, is of poor quality owing to the overall number of textual discrepancies totaling

Obviously, an introductory book such as this has several obvious limitations. First, there are entire subbranches of morphology and syntax that are not included. In terms of content, this book delimits both its scope and audience by shedding new light on a subject whose problems and obscurities look inexhaustible. A colossal book of this kind is, therefore, an attempt to: ¿ Make morphology and syntax easier, which usually appear to be incredibly complicated, at first glance. ¿ Keep the standard high so that even postgraduate students can benefit from it; because we strongly believe that students learn best by'' doing'' exercises, and, to this end, we have added dozen of practice exercises. In general, these require more research or analysis beyond what can be accomplished within a single classroom period. These exploratory exercises can also form the basis for short papers. Therefore, the book can be of immense help not only to the students of linguistics and translation, but also to the professors of linguistics and translation and research supervisors as also advisors around the globe in particular.

Le présent support de cours en théorie d'analyse complexes est une résume des notes ensigné depuis plusieurs semestres au cours de base sur Mathématiques 4 à l'Université de Souk Ahras, Algérie. On'ai profité de l'occasion pour réviser le matériel en divers points et ajouter des sections que nous éstimons essentielles pour présenter un outil util à nos chers étudiants inscrits en deuxieme année LMD en enseignement fondamental de la sciences technologie à les universités Algérienne.

La plupart des phénomènes physiques, électriques ou mécaniques, issus de la technologie moderne, sont régis par des systèmes complexes d'équations mathématiques. Cet ouvrage expose des applications sur l'environnement MATLAB® aux notions mathématiques nécessaires à l'utilisation des méthodes numériques employées dans les sciences de l'ingénieur. La résolution numérique de ces systèmes au moyen d'un ordinateur nécessite des connaissances approfondies en mathématiques. Ce livre a donc pour but de fournir au lecteur les notions mathématiques de base sur les méthodes numériques et de les appliquer utilisant l'environnement MATLAB qui lui permettront d'aborder à la simulation numérique et au calcul scientifique utilisant l'outil informatique.

Le but principal de l¿exclusion mutuelle en environnement distribué est de contrôler l¿accès à une ressource critique. Des systèmes distribués à grande échelle comme les nuages ou les grilles mettent à disposition de leurs clients des ressources informatiques partagées. Dans ce type d¿environnement, différentes contraintes en termes de priorité, de temps de réponse ou fiabilité doivent être prises en considération pour assurer une bonne qualité de service. Dans ce mémoire, deux algorithmes d¿exclusion mutuelle à permission intégrant la priorité et des contraintes temporelles de chaque requête à savoir : la date d¿échéance et la durée d¿exécution en section critique ont été proposé, ceci en vue d¿assurer une qualité de service. Nos algorithmeks se basent sur une structure logique des n¿uds en arbre binaire complet. Ces algorithmes nommés PBDMEAQoS¿ et PBDMEAQoS¿ sont basés sur les SLA. Ces algorithmes intègrent une priorité dynamique qui croît avec l¿âge de la requêtes.

This book is an attempt to examine the question of the historical development of constitutional Islamic religious text of the legal status of non-Muslims in Islam from the beginning of the call of the Prophet up to the modern time. It tracks and explores the nature of the religious foundations of the Dhimma system by shedding light on the constitutional religious texts that played a big role in the establishment of the legal status of non-Muslims in early Islam. This is will be through three sections: The first one, points out to the general framework of the study. The second clarifies concepts as Ahl al-Dhimma and dhimmis by drawing a picture on the development of the concept of Ahl al-Dhimma in Islamic classical fiqh. The third, analyzes the historical development of the foundational texts that determine the status of non-Muslims in early Islam up to modern time.

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation, increased angiogenesis and inflammation. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is still unclear. Interleukin 23 (IL 23) plays a role in T cell immune responses. IL 23 is produced by activated dendritic cells, macrophages and keratinocytes. IL-23 amplifies and stabilizes a new CD4 (+) T-cell subset, Th17 producing IL-17. Th17 cells are highly pathogenic and lead to the development of inflammation and severe autoimmunity. Twenty patients with psoriasis vulgaris in the age group (17-60) years were included in this study. Also 20 normal volunteers were included. Two punch biopsies were taken from every patient one from the lesion and one from non lesional area. One puch biopsy was taken from each control. Il 23 was measured using a real time PCR. Our data revealed that the level of IL 23, in the patient group, was higher in lesional areas than in non lesional areas and this difference was statistically significant (p value

The early second decade of the third millennium may be judged as, an age of revolutions, as much as any before. The locus of these revolutions is firmly rooted in the Arab World. Revolutions take place to assert fundamental changes in how people behave. Revolutions may be expected when there are repression, injustice, corruption, underdevelopment and poverty. Following the mass uprisings that have started in the late 2010, the Arab world experiences revolutionary mobilizations with new dynamics. Young people have been the key locomotive in these events that have stirred the whole world. CDA Approach integrated with Halliday¿s Systemic Functional Grammar Theory is used as a framework to analyze the given speeches. These two approaches can reflect the revolutionary language of the major players (the two presidents in Tunisia and Egypt) of this era in the Arab history. The current study is intended to accomplish CDA concepts, particularly Persuasion and Ideology to reflect the different levels of communication employed by the given presidents to produce their intended meanings linguistically via Transitivity, Modality and Textuality.

Focusing on translating media, legal and technical texts, this book is of significant importance to the field of translation between English and Arabic. The central aim of the book is to provide translation students at different levels as well as translators with a detailed analysis of the features of media, legal and technical texts to promote their understanding of the nature of such texts. The exercises contained in each section aim to train students on translating sentences and passages from newspapers, books and other documents focusing on the three aforementioned topics. Glossaries containing some key words follow the exercises to facilitate the translation process. The book is of great use to translation students wishing to explore Arabic and English texts in different domains. Understanding the features of each text type can improve students¿ necessary translation skills. This text introduces the students to a short review on translation and equivalence between English and Arabic. In addition, it classifies translation problems in different domains. Furthermore, this manuscript presents translation pitfalls at various structural levels, the word, phrase and sentence

This book is designed for use by non-native speakers of English who have already learned general everyday English and wish to improve their special English Language as students of Islamic studies for they should have the terminology and the basic concepts of the religious literature. We hope that the course will fill one of the gaps in the programme of teaching English to students of the Islamic studies

Ce projet de recherche porte sur l'optimisation du dépôt de l'oxyde de zinc (ZnO) texturé (002) par voie sol-gel spin-coating via la méthodologie des plans d'expériences pour des applications photovoltaïques. Un plan d'expériences utilisant la table orthogonale L9 (34) de Taguchi a été adapté à notre problématique pour étudier les propriétés de ZnO ainsi que les effets des facteurs de dépôt sur la texture cristalline (002) d'intérêt cristallographique. Les analyses morpho-structurales (DRX, MEB-EDX) montrent des échantillons polycristallins de structure hexagonale wurtzite dont la direction de croissance des grains de cristaux est exclusivement orientée suivant l'axe c avec un empilement atomique homogène. Les investigations optiques (UV-Vis-PIR) révèlent une transmittance optique largement supérieure à 90% dans le spectre visible et un gap optique égal à 3,287 eV. Les techniques d'analyse statistique (ratio Signal-Bruit S/B, ANOM et ANOVA) donnent la meilleure combinaison des niveaux des facteurs pour la texture cristalline (002) dans le domaine expérimental comme suit : A2B2C3D1. Le facteur ayant l'effet le plus significatif est la concentration en ions zinc (II) Zn2.

Le but de notre travail est d'étudier les couches minces de dioxyde de titane élaborée par voie hydrothermale en augmentant l'absorption de la lumière dans le domaine visible (longueurs d'ondes entre 400 et 800 nm). Ainsi, nous visons l'amélioration de ses performances en agissant sur la méthode d'élaboration. Le protocole expérimental est bien explicité à travers ce manuscrit de manière pédagogique.

the current book discusses the extent to which the social, economic and legal exclusion affect single mothers¿ daily lives in Morocco. It particularly explores the aspects of their exclusion and analyses its effects on their social and economic reintegration. By transgressing gender norms of honor, and sexuality, and challenging the traditional rules prescribed by society, single mothers are highly stigmatized and considered as a threat to the social order. In this context, their social reintegration could be highly constraint by their marginalization and exclusion. Findings show that attitudes to the issue of single mothers are gradually changing. However, the pressure and the inadequate living conditions unwed mothers suffer from, reveal that the shame of having a child out of wedlock is still perceived as a great obstacle, especially that (economic, social, and legal) gaps pertaining to the question of birth outside wedlock still exist.