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In the current international context, the question of the post-colonial situation of African countries raises a number of questions. There are concerns about the independent status of African countries vis-à-vis the former colonial powers, on the one hand, and other economically and militarily powerful countries, on the other. The influence of these countries still seems to weigh heavily on the management of African states. Such an attitude, which does not respect the norms of relations between sovereign states, is described as neo-colonialism. However, this neo-colonial attitude also seems to be adopted by the new African leaders who have succeeded the colonialists in power and prestige, perpetuating the work of their former masters. Apart from this aspect, the African continent still bears the scars of colonial alienation, and seems relegated to second place in a rapidly globalizing world. All this inspires African writers, who use the right words to help alleviate the continent's ills.

This work is partly the result of my internship experiences, especially in Supervised Internship II - Teaching Elementary School, and of the questions that arose throughout the Pedagogy course. Until the sixth term, the word internship was rarely mentioned by teachers of other subjects, and some students complained that at that point in the course, they hadn't yet had contact with the school. In fact, we all missed this closeness to school reality. Others even rejected any contact with the school, saying that they were graduating to work in a company. I remember being perplexed when a colleague said: "Imagine, if I'm going to spend four years doing a degree to teach little children"! In fact, for those who feel this way, doing internships I and II becomes a burden, an arduous task to fulfil and many look for different ways to get rid of this burden. In this sense, this book offers reflections on supervised internships in teacher training and how we can seek quality teacher training that is more committed to public schools.

Urban problems and their resolution have been one of the major challenges for planners and decision-makers over the last few decades. The increase in the number and size of cities and the deterioration of many urban environments have led architects, sociologists, anthropologists, economists, geographers and urban planners to turn their attention to the study of the city. This book sets out to make a major contribution to the field, presenting an interdisciplinary approach to the capitalist world. It focuses on the various contemporary socio-economic and environmental causes of the proliferation of shanty towns in Bangui. These causes are due to a low level of investment in rural areas and the inadequacy of urban planning and infrastructure, an imbalance in the land and social housing markets, the non-application of an urban planning master plan and the non-existence of a genuine property development system, the non-application of the cadastral plan, and the multiple failures of attempts to improve the housing problem, with these negative impacts on the way of life of the inhabitants in urban areas.

The study focuses on climate change impacts and local adaptation strategies in the rural community of Rusizi district, Rwanda. Using remote sensing methods, Landsat TM 4-5 satellite images from 2005 and 2015, taken from eartexplorer.usgs.govs, were processed, analyzed and classified using ARC GIS 10.3 software. The interview, pre-survey and survey were supported by a questionnaire addressed to a representative sample of 106 subjects. The results were encoded using EXCEL 2010 software. However, SWOT (or MOFF) was used for qualitative data processing, and statistical data was processed using R 2.15.1 to compare mean frequencies, XLSTAT 2016 to separate mean frequencies at the 5% significance level, and PAST 3.14 to perform logistic regression of impacts and adaptations to climate change...

This article reports and analyses personal and institutional experience in relation to the development of cultural diversity in the Amazon, reflecting participation in the Socio-Cultural Mapping Module of the Tô na Rede Project, which was developed by the Institute for Relational Politics (IPR), sponsored by the Global Libraries of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and supported by the National System of Public Libraries (SNBP) and the Pará Cultural Foundation (FCP). It deals with educational practice, awareness, valorisation and respect for the cultures of the Amazon. She concludes that this experience shows how much the population is unaware of the cultures, practices and knowledge that exist in the Amazon.

Finding a balance between the environment and the use of natural resources is the process that must be carried out in order to achieve sustainability. Therefore, any type of research that has the objective of being able to "satisfy the needs of current generations without compromising the resources and opportunities for the growth and development of future generations, is and will be of great importance". The research work carried out in the area of agricultural production is so important because the current and future challenges to produce are increasing, demanding higher production rates. In this context, the challenge for researchers lies in reducing as much as possible the problems we face every day. In order to curb the various problems existing in the agricultural field, the participation of specialists in the area is necessary, in order to take advantage of sustainable resources in a social and integral manner and to make the results obtained available to society as a whole. In addition to inculcating knowledge and directing undergraduate and master's degree students who are starting out in agricultural research, it is also necessary to promote the participation of specialists who are inclusive in the area.

There are several technological options to reduce GHG emissions: reduction of energy consumption, efficient use of energy (both in energy use and conversion), use of fuels with lower carbon content (such as natural gas versus coal), promotion of natural CO2 sinks (such as forests, soils or oceans), use of energy sources with low CO2 emission levels (such as renewable or nuclear energy) and CO2 Capture and Geological Storage (CCS). According to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, CO2 Capture and Storage would contribute between 15 and 55% to the global cumulative mitigation effort until 2100, thus presenting itself as a transition technology that will contribute to mitigating climate change.

Rape has a long history around the world. Victims are often misunderstood and stigmatised by society. Society's view of them predisposes them to withdraw into themselves and, more often than not, they stop returning to society. Their psychoaffective experiences are often accompanied by psychological traits that can lead them to self-destruction. Society, for its part, prevents them from returning to society at large. This is why, from a psychological perspective, practitioners must think through a therapeutic plan for holistic psychological care for both victims and the community. In short, the mental health of the community has been compromised and needs to be restored because the conflict caused by rape and its aftermath affects all the structures of the community.

Migration is a sociological and historical phenomenon as old as the history of mankind. In his book Les Noirs de la diaspora, historian Ibrahima Baba Kaké points out that "Man is a terribly traveller animal. He leaves his homeland regardless of the barriers that surround him" in order to meet his fellow human beings and discover other horizons, other ways of life. In this study of migration and immigration in the French-language African novel, we are particularly interested in the migratory movements of the second half of the last century, with the exception of a few novels, such as Bakary Diallo's Force Bonté published at the beginning of the century. The aim was to question these works in order to understand how migration and the immigration of the characters are described by the authors. This description first paints a more or less complete picture of the causes of the protagonists' mobility, and then looks at the consequences.

This book is the result of a combination of scientific research and clinical practice by music therapist Carolina Ferreira Santos on recurring themes in her career. The articles contained in this book denote the author's themes and questions about the reality of music therapy in her daily life. They are searches for answers to themes based on the daily life of being and becoming a music therapist!

Problem solving fosters the development of heuristics in students, where the problem is understood, solution strategies are designed and implemented and finally a verification phase of the solution is executed; where if necessary the student rethinks his strategy. When the student faces a mathematical problem, he/she must structure his/her thinking according to the mathematical syntax and the rules of conformation of the geometric representations of the Cabri 3D software in order to solve it.

The aim of this work is to unveil the political situation of 1932-37 in the city of Monte Alto-SP; in particular to understand, in the midst of an effervescent scenario both nationally and internationally, the emergence and actions of two antagonistic political groups, the "Integralists" and the "Constitutionalists." In order to fulfil these aims, the work was divided into two parts. The first part analyses the troubled historical context (national and international) and the ideologies and mentalities that emerged as salvationist, with Integralism standing out. In the second part, based on an analysis of texts from two local periodicals, the focus of the monograph becomes a description of the socio-political events that took place in the city of Monte Alto-SP within the delimited section. Thus, the work shows that local politics had an ambivalent situation in which real politics took place, practised in the democratic political game based on parties, representation, debate, elections, etc. and an ideal one, in which a group was catechised and moulded in an effort to realise a political project for the future with strong teleological overtones.

Women have long played an important role in economic activities, particularly in rural areas and in income-generating activities (IGAs). For them, this is essential support, enabling them to meet the needs of their families, achieve financial independence and often contribute to their emancipation. Research on this issue has shown that 70% of the world's poor are women (50th CSW session, United Nations, 2006). This is largely due to the fact that women have long been disadvantaged in terms of access to credit and other financial services. As such, microfinance has the potential to make a significant contribution to the fight against poverty, by providing poor people who do not have access to traditional banks (the majority of whom are women) with sustainable financial services capable of supporting their economic activities. With this in mind, a study was carried out in Rwanda to analyse the contribution of microfinance to gender equality and to promoting sustainable livelihoods and better working conditions for women.

The topic of mental health in the world encompasses different aspects that are crucial to understanding and addressing the issue, so the book discusses key aspects such as the need to raise awareness about the importance of mental health and challenge the associated stigmas. This involves disseminating information about mental disorders, risk factors, warning signs and available treatment options. It is important to promote education on coping skills and resilience from an early age, along with prevention by encouraging mental health promotion through self-care strategies, social support, healthy lifestyle and stress reduction. It is important to implement early prevention programs in school and community settings that help identify and address risk factors before they become serious problems. Crisis and emergency mental health care services are needed by establishing globally accessible helplines and emergency resources to provide immediate support to people in crisis situations.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, initially developed as anti-hyperglycemic drugs, have been shown to significantly improve metabolic indicators and protect the kidneys and hearts of patients with and without type 2 diabetes. The possible mechanisms for these benefits are the subject of extensive research, as they cannot be attributed solely to improved blood sugar control. In this book, we will focus on the current understanding of cardio-renal protection by SGLT2 inhibitors by explaining the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, and we will present the largest trials that have demonstrated this organoprotective effect.

The change I want to bring to my republic is not mono-cultural. It is the product, never completed, of a community of citizens who trace their path across social, ethnic and cultural differences. Change is about solidarity, because it provides the means to ensure real equality of opportunity for all, especially for those who feel neglected, abandoned or relegated by a State that is increasingly out of touch with reality. To ensure that no one is left by the wayside, the Republic of Solidarity has two tools at its disposal: citizen preference and positive discrimination. It is up to the Republic to use them to restore confidence and hope.

The inclusion and empowerment of people with visual impairments are recurring themes that are increasingly being discussed in various fields of knowledge. From the perspective of contemporary art, in exhibition environments, this reality is still a major obstacle, because for centuries and even today, art exhibitions have always been aimed at the visually impaired, alienating those who have never seen with their eyes, but rather with their other senses. The aim of this study was to make works of art on canvas accessible to people with visual impairments and to help build up a tactile and imagistic repertoire, especially for people with congenital blindness. Thinking about and designing inclusion and accessibility actions represents insertion and the desire to enable equity between individuals, as it allows people with disabilities or any type of limitation not to be neglected.

Looking at the current international panorama, we can see that more and more unitary countries are facing the problem of regionalisation or the autonomisation of part of their territories. This factor of state instability has already influenced the territorial organisation of a number of countries and, to a certain extent, is still relevant today. For example, it exists in Italy (an autonomous region with special status in Sicily), Spain (an autonomous community in Catalonia), Ukraine (the territory of Donetsk and Lugansk) and FrKsenia Anisimova is a doctoral student at Moscow State University. She conducts research in the field of public affairs and collaborates with the Institut des Études Politiques de Paris (France), Collège Universitaire Français de Moscou (in partnership with Aix-Marseille University), Yale University (USA) and Freie University (Germany).ance (the region of Alsace). But is it only unitary states that face the problem of unstable territorial and administrative organisation?

Underground literature, despite its importance thanks to its first-hand information, often remains difficult to access because of its character, i.e. its mode of production which escapes the normal circuit of document distribution. This annotated bibliography of theses defended at the University of Kisangani has been compiled to compensate for this shortcoming. Its aim is to give an international account of the great wealth of underground literature produced at the University of Kisangani, particularly as regards theses in the social sciences and humanities. It contains 112 doctoral dissertations in philosophy, history, communication, African linguistics, French linguistics, African literature, French literature, pedagogy, psychology, sociology, politics, law and economics. Researchers, teachers and students in these different fields will be able to consult this bibliography to enrich their documentation or draw inspiration from it for their teaching and research.

The purpose of this book is to present a pedagogical experience carried out with children from Pre-K to 5th grade, aged between four and eleven, from three public schools in Concórdia, Santa Catarina. During the course of the experiment, it was possible to introduce the little-known topic to the students, answer questions through conversations and activities, as well as listen to the stories of children who have suffered from this violence. At the end of the experience, the students' knowledge of the subject and ways of reporting it had evolved significantly and positively, thus serving as a shield in defence of the children involved.

History teaches: in war, armed confrontation is always primary. However, along with it, a special place has always occupied the spiritual shape of the troops. Moral spirit of the army - the state of consciousness of the army personnel, which characterizes the spiritual ability and willingness of the armed forces to act in accordance with its purpose and objectives in wartime and peacetime. The monograph explores a large complex of historiographical and historical sources relevant to the problem of morale of the Imperial Russia's army in 1870-1914. During this period, the Russian Empire experienced the Russian-Turkish War (1877-1878), the Russian-Japanese War (1904-1905), the first Russian Revolution (1905-1907). Two military reforms took place, which gave rise to qualitative changes in military construction. All this had a controversial effect on the morale of the army. There was a need for historiographical reflection and rethinking of this historical phenomenon from new approaches that had been established in modern Russian historical science, where pluralistic polyphony had become a stable methodological trend.

The core of this book aims to briefly highlight the Right to Health and its scope, analysing the Federal Constitution and sparse laws, as well as the current understanding of the Courts regarding the Right to Health and its scope. Health is a right of the citizen and a duty of the state, and it is not possible to allege the reserve of the possible, i.e. where the state shirks its responsibility to guarantee the citizen a constitutional right.

The research presents an analysis of the relationship between physics and cultural practices in the Amazon, with regard to the construction process of ceramics produced in the Bragantina region. The research was carried out in a traditional community called "Vila Cuéra", located in the rural area of the municipality of Bragança, Pará, Brazil, on the banks of the Caeté River. The experience portrays the process of building Caetéara pottery, highlighting important aspects where the potter uses his own physics to design his work. In this way, we sought to emphasise each piece of knowledge involved in the ceramics production process, which relates to physics content such as temperature, heat, thermal equilibrium and heat transfer. The aim of this work is to analyse the main ethnophysical knowledge present in the practice of building clay pieces in the "Vila Cuéra" community, as well as highlighting the need for dialogues between ethnophysical knowledge and scientific knowledge from Physical Science, as a way of understanding and respecting the knowledge of the various populations that make up the Amazon.

The molecular alterations most frequently associated with GIST are mutations in the KIT and PDGFRA genes. Many other genetic abnormalities have been described, such as amplification of C-MYC, MDM2, EGFR1 and CCND1. The objective of this study was to analyze by immunohistochemical method the prognostic value of C-MYC and EGFR overexpression in GIST. We retrospectively collected 25 cases of GIST diagnosed in our department over a period of 15 years (2008-2023). The expression of EGFR and C-MYC was carried out by immunohistochemical method. C-MYC immunostaining was categorized into low and high expression levels with a threshold of 25%. The intensity of immunostaining and the percentage of EGFR-positive cells were evaluated and grouped according to the Allred score parameters. Only cases with an EGFR TS score >4 were considered overexpressed. We included 25 cases. The average age of patients was 60 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5. C-MYC expression was observed in 60% of cases, with elevated levels in 33% of cases.

After colonisation, African political leaders tended to put themselves in the shoes of the coloniser, an approach that created many dictators on the continent. To combat impunity, the international community set up the ICC to prosecute individuals who commit international crimes such as war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity, because most of them hid behind institutions. Many African states have individually signed up to the Rome Statute, creating the ICC. The ICC operates on the principle that when a crime is committed and prosecuted under its jurisdiction, the alleged offender does not benefit from diplomatic immunities despite his functions. With regard to the cases of the Sudanese and Kenyan presidents, the AU, which also cooperates with the ICC in the fight against impunity, this time saw that the prosecution of these personalities undermined diplomatic duty and practice.

With the aim of setting up a sustainable management project for Diego Bay, an international symposium was organised from 20 to 24 November 2017. Several fruits of research around the marine coastal environment of Diego Bay were exhibited during this Summer School by Master students of the Marine Sciences Course at the University of Antsiranana in Madagascar. External and national guests were also present, providing input on the management of other bays around the world. This led to a regional debate on the management method best suited to Diego Bay, based on the indicators put forward by the students. Local decision-makers attended the conference and saw the benefits of involving local scientists as a lever for development in the region.

The aim of this research is to enlighten readers, particularly NGOs, partners, project beneficiaries and the government, on the importance of the contribution of rural communities in local development projects. It identifies the local players involved in project implementation, describes the characteristics of their participation, and shows the role of women in community participation. So, what role does the rural community play in the local development project? This is the question the research seeks to answer. Empirical methods were used to gather data. Questionnaire surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations and documentation were all used. According to the results, the department faces a number of natural and man-made problems that impact on its development, but it also abounds in potential that can be exploited for its progress. In response to these problems, several projects have been carried out, notably site development and food distribution to the most vulnerable populations.

Since the new millennium, with economic change and technological progress, the company has become a subject of interest for contemporary writers. Changes in managerial methods are shaking up our daily lives, not to mention relocations, redundancy plans and lay-offs carried out for the benefit of the beneficiary company, which, in a context of fierce competition and the constant quest for profitability, is seeking to cut costs and staff numbers at all costs. This study looks at the ruthless world of the company and modern management in Thierry Beinstingel's novels, Central (2000) and Retour aux mots sauvages (2010). It looks at the ills associated with work in this new world where dehumanisation and managerial novlanguage reign supreme.

The Islamophobic Zionist Crusader Brotherhood manifests itself throughout history by its crusades especially of 1095, 1291, its Church courts in the medieval, Spanish and Italian times, by the expeditions of the horses of Jesus, of Rhodes, of Malta , the Suez Canal, its secret Skyes-Picot and Balfour agreements, its English mandates in Palestine and elsewhere, its colonizations from 1880 until 1965 during the two world wars, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the the induced abortion of the Arab Spring and the recent NATO war to crush the attempt to liberate Palestine in 2023/2024 against Zionist occupation among others. Since 1118, a cross-brotherhood that later became Zionist, satanic, mercantile and evangelist has ruled the world order. Today, it attacks political Islam presented as an alternative to develop enslaved Muslim populations while preserving their values. Neo-Ottoman Turkey represents this new political Islam on the path to success. A duel between the Crusader, Zionist Brotherhood and political Islam has emerged.

The systemic and integrated study of the management of the Gnanhouizounmè community forest enabled us to understand the way in which resources are managed. Several players are involved in management. State structures are not very active. The Participatory Forest Management Committee (COGEPAF) is the most active player. 76.79% of respondents acknowledged its existence. It works in collaboration with various non-governmental organisations to conserve the forest. Long before the arrival of NGOs (CERGET, CIPCRE, OBDD), the old wise men set up a local management system. But with demographic change, this system is becoming increasingly ineffective. The population is still very dependent on the forest. It provides them with a number of resources, the main ones being firewood, timber, game, straw and rope. Anthropogenic pressure is at the root of deforestation. The diachronic study showed that, based on land use maps for 1982, 1996 and 2009, the forest is undergoing deforestation. The annual deforestation rate from 1982 to 2009 is 0.73%.