Bücher veröffentlicht von Our Knowledge Publishing

Our objective is to answer the question of understanding the phenomenon: "Oil population but poor". The oil exploitation lasts for decades while the region remains underdeveloped. This contrast is not explained by an exploitation based on production and not on distribution, opacity on the statistics of production and export, impossible traceability; this study shared with the oil operators of our region in order to obtain their opinions before its publication would just like to present the picture of the oil exploitation in our region, so that the men and women of good will who will read us help us to answer this dualism; because the extractive companies contribute to the creation of wealth in their countries, but we who possess oil, the various minerals remain poor and our environments underdeveloped. This contradiction will continue until when? We welcome investors in our African countries, but we also know that these resources are exhaustible and therefore, it is necessary to convert them into wealth and to take advantage of them for the well-being of our communities and therefore, the reduction of poverty.

This paper analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of hotspots in the state of Acre, considering the modalities of settlement projects created by the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform - INCRA, as well as the proximity of these projects to the BR 317 highway, also known as the Interoceanic Highway. This highway was paved in Acre to serve as a subsidy to the Pacific markets, thus enabling the circulation of products and services by improving access to previously remote areas. However, with the advent of the highway, environmental problems became frequent. The use of techniques such as slash and burn to prepare land for agriculture by settlers has become the basis of family farming, making settlement projects the places of greatest detection of hotspots. Burning is widely used in the region intentionally by small farmers to clear land after deforestation and/or by cattle ranchers to raise and maintain pastures. In this sense, hotspots derived from satellite data analysis have been excellent indicators of accuracy.

The physical inventory of fixed assets is an obligatory exercise and well regulated by the OHADA Uniform Acts. Beyond this legal aspect, the physical inventory of fixed assets presents many fiscal, managerial and strategic issues for companies in Cameroon. As far as the majority of Cameroonian industrial companies are concerned, they encounter many difficulties when carrying out their physical inventory of fixed assets. In order to overcome these shortcomings, we first carried out a diagnosis of all the activities related to the physical inventory. In order to improve the practice of the physical inventory of fixed assets in these companies, we proceeded to the automation of certain procedures of this process of physical inventory of fixed assets. This new approach emphasizes an innovative methodology and state-of-the-art equipment for the realization of this work. We have managed to strengthen the internal audit and management control procedures related to the monitoring of fixed assets in several Cameroonian companies.

With the exploitation of natural resources for agriculture and livestock, the loss of native forests and gallery forests in Brazil occurs. The book aimed to conduct studies on the recovery of degraded area in the gallery forests of Ribeirão São João, located in the municipality of Palmas - TO and evaluate the initial stage of this recovery. Through the Enrichment of Species, to assist natural regeneration, we used seedlings of native plants that were suitable to the conditions imposed by the environment and the degree of disturbance of the chosen area. The area has species remaining, a fundamental factor for the establishment of a revegetation with characteristics close to its initial stage. It was noted that the species Inga sp., Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Pouteria macrophilla have good survival rates through species enrichment, as well as providing rapid soil cover, even without special soil treatment.

Long considered "too big to fail", financial conglomerates pose a large number of risks to the entire international financial system, due to the concentration of financial and insurance activities that characterizes them. Indeed, resulting from the overlapping of credit institutions, investment firms and insurance companies, financial conglomerates are at the heart of the problem of the assessment of the effectiveness of the regulation exercised by the public authorities on the financial sector. The concentration of risks within these powerful cross-sectoral financial groups requires a state framework that is perfectly suited to the very nature and specificities of these entities. However, the globalization of the economy as well as the interconnection of international financial markets have led to the geographical extension of companies acting on the credit, securities and insurance markets. Given the scope of this phenomenon, the supervision of financial conglomerates must be aimed primarily at maintaining international financial security.

Ally quality tools to improve indicators in any area of the company is a great challenge for the teams. This work shows that, in a simple way, with low cost actions, the results of the enterprise can be improved. Engineering shows us that all its concepts, theories, formulas, plans and forecasts can be applied to the marketing area, which is of paramount importance for business development. I hope you enjoy.

The authentication is a mechanism to stabilize the real estate transactions in order to guarantee a protection for the consumer purchaser, considering his weak position in front of the salesman who appears as an economic monster, and the sale of building in state of completion because it is the most widespread, Even that it proves to be ineffective, but one tried to analyze it while being based on the Moroccan law compared with its historical source which is the French law.

The development of new techniques for exploring vertigo has considerably facilitated its diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Among these new techniques, videonystagmography (VNG) occupies a place of choice. It allows the vestibular system to be studied in real time by observing the eye. The results are presented in the form of graphs and numerical values provided automatically. The interpretation is based on the analysis of all the results. Thus, these results associated with the clinical data make it possible to have an etiological orientation in front of any vertigo. In conclusion, any practitioner who wants to be a specialist in vertigo should acquire a VNG. But, a first knowledge of the anatomophysiological bases is essential in order to know how to direct and interpret the tests.

More than a decade after the implementation of the law on hospital reform in Senegal, it is clear that the functioning of Senegalese hospitals is experiencing many difficulties, particularly with regard to the financing of care activities. Almost all Senegalese hospitals are suffering from deficits that have become almost chronic. These deficits considerably disrupt the proper supply of medicines and consumables necessary for the production of quality health care. These difficulties encountered in supplying the operational sectors have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the health system in meeting the health needs of the population.

A lot of knowledge is lost in Africa due to lack of transmission, which does not favor the conservation of resources by local populations. In addition, these populations hold a great deal of knowledge about the use of resources. The aim of the study is to provide information on the use value, morphological variability and germination ability of P. nitida seeds. To achieve this, 240 informants, randomly selected from 04 socio-cultural groups namely Fon, Goun, Nago, Aïzo were surveyed. The results reveal that the local populations of the four socio-cultural groups use the roots, barks, leaves and seeds of P. nitida for 21 treatments. The Goun sociocultural group has a better knowledge of the uses of the species. The study of phenotypic variability yielded 03 fruit morphotypes and 05 seed morphotypes. Class 2, consisting mainly of fruits from Adjarra, is longer, wider, thicker and heavier. The germination of the seed morphotypes on simple substrate was negative. The species therefore has a natural regeneration problem.

The growth of cities adds several problems associated with soil sealing, modification of natural river courses, and acceleration of surface water runoff through conduits and channels, which in turn increase the risk of flooding. Thus, there is a growing demand for sustainable and resilient surface water drainage proposals that aim to minimize the negative impacts of urban sprawl on the water cycle. Pervious concrete sidewalks stand out, in this context, as an efficient and sustainable measure to minimize surface water flow and reduce flooding risks.This study aims to contribute to the knowledge about the feasibility of the widespread use of pervious concrete drainage systems in Belém and in the Amazon region, through a better understanding of the problem in relation to the surrounding conditions and the technology itself, and its adaptation to the regional reality.

Any action to reduce socio-economic vulnerability must begin with its diagnosis to determine its causes and dimensions. Thus, through this study, the causes of socio-economic vulnerability of households in Ngozi province were identified. Indeed, arable land is very scarce and access to this resource has become problematic. The average size of a farm is about 56 ares. Each person lives on an average of 9 ares, whereas the minimum acceptable area for survival is 20 ares in the conditions of the environment studied. The production system has been compromised and no longer provides sufficient income for rural households. The latter continue to be impoverished because they are vulnerable to all forms of hazards and their survival strategies automatically mortgage their future by forcing them into a state of perpetual dependence. In addition, inadequate infrastructure, staffing and equipment coupled with growing poverty limit households' access to basic social services such as decent housing, education and health care.

In the current context marked by the demographic explosion and the increase in energy needs, the analysis of the impact of anthropic activities on the Protected Areas, notably the classified forest of Agoua in Benin, is crucial. The methodological approach adopted is based on documentary research and field investigation. The analysis of the results obtained shows that agriculture is the main activity responsible for the degradation of biodiversity in the classified forest of Agoua (70%). This is followed by the cutting of energy and service wood with 20% and 10% respectively. This fact has led to a variation in the area of each plant formation mapped over the period 1994-2014. Thus, gallery forest (-0.31%), dense dry forest (-0.92%), open forest and wooded savannah (-10.87%) and tree and shrub savannah (-8.63%) have experienced a decrease in area. While plantations (4.78%), mosaics of fields and fallow land (15.88%) and settlements (0.06%) have seen an increase in their areas. This regression of all natural formations estimated at 70% has resulted in the loss of habitat and animal and plant species.

This book focuses on the methods and mechanisms of e-commerce and e-marketing, the foundations and the important role of international electronic companies in this vital and digital field. The spread of digital economy and information and communication technology is deployed with e-commerce and e-marketing applications. Thus, digital globalization opens the horizon of technological development and accelerates the growth of the use of modern techniques through the innovation of the digital economy in our daily lives. This study aims to show that marketing and advertising campaign management have contributed positively and increasingly since the nineties until now to attract targeted customers and to increase the sales of electronic products. Therefore, this type of marketing and management of promotional campaigns of social media via social networks or via email marketing have a direct impact on Internet users through the effects of electronic advertising.

The objective of this project is to show through a statistical model of a completely randomized design in a crop of grass and forage (cut grass) which was carried out in vanillo, this is located at km 48 via the triumph of the province of Guayas. The variety that we had was female elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and purple elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher) chosen by Mr. Carlos Ramirez, who directs the Pasture and Forage course which is related to the experimental design course directed by Ms. Segress Garcia. Thanks to an analysis of variance design model it will be possible to obtain the exact results. In order to carry out a process we must make some calculations, which are: the sum of square of the treatments, sum of square of the blocks and the sum of total square, with respect to the calculated F must always be greater than the tabulated F which gives us if there is significant difference or not but with this we still cannot determine which is the best treatment without first doing a test of means by Fisher, otherwise the completely randomized design would only end up there.

The effects of climate change are noticeable in Burkina Faso in the agricultural sector. In Bam province, these climatic changes are having an impact on production systems and, consequently, are leading to changes in farming practices. This book presents the relationship between climate change and changes in agricultural practices. The analysis of meteorological data shows that the climatic parameters are evolving in two distinct groups: the hours of insolation have strongly decreased, while rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind speed and evapotranspiration have increased. With the climatic evolution as well as the societal one, the agrarian dynamics have undergone changes in the agricultural practices. Thus, the following stages have been observed: the development of slash-and-burn agriculture (1940-1960), the development of cotton cultivation and animal traction (1960-1970), the major edaphic and agricultural upheavals (1970-1988) and the agricultural conversion which, since 1989, has been deploying methods to deal with the consequences of the major upheavals.

The study aims to understand to what extent, according to the perception of family farmers and social actors of institutions linked to the sector, the use of rural credit, via the Family Farming Strengthening Program - Pronaf, can contribute to promoting improvements in the management of family farming enterprises, as well as their perpetuity in the municipality of Pinhalzinho/Santa Catarina/Brazil. Rural enterprises, in general, and family farming enterprises, in particular, require efficient and effective management practices that are able to ensure their sustainability in the current context of continuous transformation, competitiveness and complexity. Rural succession becomes one of the main challenges in the dynamics of family farming, especially with regard to the conditions of permanence of youth in the field. However, public policies are created with the intention of intervening in the face of social problems and or encouraging certain sectors or people. The recognition of the economic and social importance of family farming in Brazil has its landmark in 1996, when the Pronaf, an agricultural policy of rural credit, was created.

One of the problems faced in Named Entity Recognition is the extraction of accurate information from texts helping humans in their everyday processes. One such information extraction process is the text revisions that occur in some domains such as education and law enforcement. These revisions take time to do and are prone to errors. This work aims to decide on a final revision using the best classifications of parallel revisions of the same text made by one or more revisers. An important step is the creation of a metric that helps in the choice of ratings and generates a concordance value that can be analyzed. A bibliographic study of existing metrics that can help in the creation of the new metric is also done.

Corruption is one of the most dramatic scourges that plague the globalised world. It weakens political legitimacy, causes waste of resources, affects international trade and the flow of investments. It is noted that the 1988 Federal Constitution provided support for various control mechanisms to avoid, among many evils, corruption. In the current constitutional order we find, in addition to the jurisdictional bodies that play the role of applying and distributing justice, the Courts of Auditors and the Parliamentary Commissions of Inquiry to oversee the public administration. One can not forget the most important jurisdictional body of the republic, which is the Supreme Court, which besides being the guardian of the Constitution is the competent forum for the trial of the occupants of the most relevant political positions of the nation and has the role of punishing and setting an example to other bodies in view of its relevance to the maintenance of the democratic rule of law.

In this book I have the honor to present the results of my field research on the knowledge and use of food and medicinal plants in Kasai. I have targeted two communities: the pygmies, living in the equatorial forest near Lubunga, and the Bantus who represent the majority of the Kasai population. I listed about a hundred plants, giving them their scientific names and specifying their botanical families. Then I indicated in the different tables their uses. In the case of the medicinal uses, I also specified the part used as well as the disease to be treated. My concern is that the knowledge of these plants, especially medicinal ones, should not be the privilege of a few: I want everyone to know them in order to use them when necessary. My second concern is to plead for their protection and diffusion through the creation of small botanical gardens.

The desire to preserve the history and memory of a place is a constant feature in society. It was with this in mind that the Sound and Image Archive was created. Since then, teachers, students and whoever else is interested can have easy access to know and consult the graphic and audiovisual collection of the Design School of the Minas Gerais State University. With its creation, it was possible not only to rescue the history of the institution, but also to create a centre for the preservation of the Minas Gerais way of doing and thinking design.

The place of genetics in biology makes its teaching unavoidable from secondary school onwards. However, this teaching is confronted with numerous pedagogical difficulties, not the least of which is the simple definition of a gene! Like any science, genetics is a set of mental representations of objects and phenomena of Nature. The objects that concern genetics in this book, as a science, are, at the center, the gene, its structure, its function, its mechanisms of expression, regulation, concerted action and development in plants, Population genetics, Quantitative genetics and, at the end, Genetic resources in plant breeding and improvement.

Positive law is still considered in many respects today as the supreme reference for order in society. But at this threshold formalism in legal procedures leads to exactions of law. This book poses the problem of the self-referentiality of positive law.

The practice of handicrafts, a source of income for the unemployed and the idle, can help improve the living conditions and standards of the inhabitants of the city of Kananga who engage in it and change their behavior. It is true that the city of Kananga is in a state of deep degradation. The lack of water, electricity and road infrastructure has discouraged private investment and caused a brain drain and capital flight. In order to survive, the inhabitants have developed several mechanisms to fight against poverty, including the practice of handicrafts. Once they arrived in the city in 1993, the displaced people, known as refoulés from Katanga, seeking to integrate into the dynamics of the most able to survive, revitalized the practice of artisanal activity. This means that today we can conduct an in-depth research on the practice of artisanal activity and the improvement of living conditions and standards in Kananga. The interest of such a study is first of all at a theoretical level: to make known and apply a body of scientific knowledge of socio-economic progress.

This is the story of Pierre Miville dit le Suisse, ancestor of the Deschênes, Miville, Vaillancourt of Quebec. Follow with me the journey of this man and his path to colonize a small part of Quebec. Up to the royal lineage that I was able to trace back to the year 325 reign of King Charlemagne. Finally, there are the original military records of the soldiers of the First World War. All of this reaches me, Sophie Deschênes.

This is the story of Antoine Desrosiers, ancestor of the Desrosiers. Follow with me the journey of this man to colonize a small part of Quebec. Here is the presentation of the first 6 generations here in New France. See the adventures of these men, ready to do anything to conquer Canada and especially Quebec. Especially to know how the life of these years, is different from that of our years.

Neology is one of the processes of enrichment of the language. Patrice NGANANG, a third-generation African novelist of the French language, colors his texts, notably Temps de chien and La Joie de vivre, with various lexical processes hitherto unknown in this language: neologisms. These neologisms can be categorized according to the internal and external matrix. The neologisms of the internal matrix include the lexies obtained thanks to the morpho-semantic, syntactic-semantic and pure morphological operations by reduction of the form that are the truncations and the siglaisons; the external matrix as for it is constituted by all the phenomena of borrowings and linguistic calques. Focusing specifically on the neologisms of the external matrix, this study shows how Nganang exploits them to give an intercultural dimension to his two texts. Thus, how do the linguistic borrowings and calques present in Nganang's two texts contribute to give a cross-cultural coloration to these texts? What are the elements of the enunciative context conveyed in these two texts?

Strategic management is of paramount importance as a weapon of success in business. The invisible hand of the market forces to know theories, history, epistemology and experiences on the issue in question. Here is a wide and updated compilation of materials, points of view, advice, methodologies on strategic planning in sales management, on Michel Porter's competitive strategic vision on the role of the actors in companies where the analysis of actors could not be missing, together with motivation as an indispensable strategic tool. The book synthesizes the theme of market research in the strategic perspective in decision making for the launching of a small company.

The basic proposition of this book is to demonstrate the investigation carried out as to the profile of the graduates of the Stricto Sensu Masters Course in Food Science and Technology offered by the Federal Institute of the Triângulo Mineiro - Uberaba Campus. In this perspective are presented the impacts of post-graduation in teacher training, in the level of employability and the realization of research. Thus, the result of the search is presented as to the identification of the educational and professional path of the graduates, as well as their insertion in the world of work and research.

From the time of the French protectorate in 1885 until the creation of a bank of issue in 1925, Madagascar's banking and monetary system was totally controlled by merchant banks. During this period, a banking network formed by the first bank in Madagascar, the Comptoir National d'Escompte de Paris, was established. In response to the French government's appeal, the Parisian bank had lent its support to Madagascar's colonial project and thus became an essential element in the realization of the colony's development project. The period of the First World War, however, revealed the limits of the colony's banking and monetary system because of the cut-off of communications with the metropolis. The monetary constraints caused by the war and the acuteness of the problem of agricultural credit in the colony revived the long-standing project of a bank of issue. The creation of the Banque de Madagascar in 1925 made it possible to implement a new financial policy in terms of monetary circulation and credit distribution. The Bank of Issue thus contributed to the economic development of the colony.