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Taking as a starting point the Freudian concept of death drive and the questions raised to it by Wilhelm Reich, several elements of psychoanalytic theory are examined under the focus of biological knowledge. Among the themes approached are the pleasure principle, aggression, human nature, the concept of drive and the relation between mind and body, the property or impropriety of making such connection between psychoanalysis and biology, among others. For those who judge valid the dialogue between these two fields, the discussion points to reformulation paths of several aspects of psychoanalytic theory, adapting it to the advance of knowledge in the areas of neurobiology, primatology, ethology, evolutionary psychology and other branches of biology.

Through our study, we tried to show the advantages of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of postoperative spondylodiscitis by its addition as an adjuvant treatment to antibiotic therapy, based on the data of the literature, as well as on our knowledge of the bases of hyperbarics. Our work as well as other studies prove that oxygen under pressure can have its place in the therapeutic arsenal of the infection and especially within the infra hospital structures which have hyperbaric chambers.

In the current economic and strategic context, Europe is obliged to seek solutions to strengthen and develop its military capabilities through cooperation. Cooperation has become more of a necessity than an option. Even the most powerful European states are no longer able to have all the equipment and weapons systems necessary for high-intensity crisis management operations. Solutions are sought through cooperation, for example between France and the United Kingdom, and between the Nordic countries. Cooperation in the framework of the European Defence Agency and bilateral or sub-regional cooperation seem to be relevant and effective solutions, but what impact do they have in advancing European defence as a whole? The preconditions for capability cooperation are political will, financial means and a strong European industrial base. Moreover, a shift in thinking from national sovereignty reflexes to defence cooperation is needed, further encouraged by financial austerity.

Nowadays, several Brazzavillian families are bereaved by the stroke, a pathology that threatens health in Congo. So, could this pathology (stroke) have a link with Stress, which is the source of many diseases in African societies? It is therefore possible to believe that stroke is a consequence of maladaptive stress. For, how can one understand that a person affected by a stressful situation automatically develops a stroke, such as the loss of a loved one to whom one is very affectionate. This is why we decided to make this our concern, in order to show our population in a general way that stroke is a consequence of maladaptive stress, and that stressful life events are the triggers of this pathology, in the same way as acts of torture, a fatal blow to the head and many others.

Public procurement law is complicated in Haiti. From the point of view of Haitian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), public procurement is synonymous with complexity and obstacles. Economic operators face numerous technical and financial difficulties. In addition to the proliferation of constraints imposed by the contracting administrations, the tender documents contain tedious texts that discourage SMEs from participating in the calls for competition launched by the public authorities. Indeed, apart from the key measures such as the allotment obligation and national preference, the willingness of contracting authorities to facilitate SMEs' access to public contracts is an important factor in really encouraging them to participate in calls for tender.

The results of this work show that some religious leaders initially shared with the church congregation that AIDS is the consequence of sin; a punishment and that this made them despair beyond belief but that they changed their views when they found an understanding environment and that these leaders remain in control of their homes and give as much as they can to meet family demands.HIV positive religious leaders want to see their lifestyle improved and ask for material support for socio-economic reintegration into the community. They would like to see all AIDS-related prejudices exposed and an HIV-inclusive community. They address the misconceptions of religious leaders about AIDS and are committed to providing moral support to people who want to be tested or who are HIV-positive.

This book is an exposé of the logics underlying the motivations of blood donation in Senegalese universities. It is a work through which we seek to understand modern blood donation from the perspective of the socio-anthropology of donation. Modern blood donation transcends the medical dimension insofar as it involves social, cultural, religious and economic logics.

Corporate governance is only one element of the general environment in which companies operate and depends on the legal, regulatory and institutional framework in place within the company. Indeed, the mode of governance applied within the company has an impact on the effectiveness of the good governance practices put in place, hence the mode of governance can have a direct influence on the quality of financial disclosure to markets and shareholders. Each governance model has its own specificities which, when combined with the specificities of the company and its governance environment, have a significant influence on the financial reporting process, which in turn influences the quality of financial reporting, and consequently the external auditor, i.e. the statutory auditor, will be obliged to perform specific due diligence as he/she deems necessary in response to the risks of manipulation of financial reporting that he/she has detected.

The maritime transport of chemicals requires great care in its entire process. The products transported are varied and numerous, and each product has a certain type of physico-chemical characteristics, so their handling is complex and difficult. The objective of this work is to contribute to a better management of risks on board chemical tankers. We have therefore opted for the RPA and FMECA methods. The application of these methods is quite complex, requiring group work and an in-depth study of the systems concerned. Our objective is not to carry out complete studies, but rather to expose the mechanisms of these methods. Indeed, with a Preliminary Risk Analysis (PRA), we will identify the sources of danger and the most dangerous subsystems, and then we carry out an analysis of the failure modes, their effects and their criticalities (FMECA) on the components of the dangerous subsystems. Finally, we will be able to discern the undesired event scenarios, then prioritise them and propose preventive and protective measures so that the risks are acceptable.

Cereal growing in Tunisia is an ancient and essentially rain-fed activity; its sowing and yields are largely dependent on climatic conditions, particularly rainfall. The area sown annually averages around 1.45 million ha. Cereal production is largely conditioned by the use of rainwater and irrigation. A good match between the potential of the environment, the varieties marketed, cultivation techniques and water availability could constitute an alternative for improving and stabilising yields and water use efficiency in this sector.

The San or Samo are located in the Sanpiè (San country) in the northwest of Burkina Faso. They practise the cult of masks called sou, which they adopted from their southern neighbours the Nuna-Léla 'Gurunsi' probably around the 18th century. The San society that uses masks is limited to the southern part of the country, where about twenty villages have known masks, even if today barely half of them use them. The celebration of the sou in the San villages has among other objectives the establishment of peace. The present reflection establishes a relationship between the cult of masks and peace. The search for peace is one of the reasons why the San have borrowed the penny. Also, the analysis of the behaviours imposed during the period of this cult reflects the San's desire to make their social environment a calm place during this time.

More than a simple story of running away, the problem of street children has become a social phenomenon, growing over the years. Initially reserved for a certain fringe of the population (children of beggars, for example), it has infiltrated all social strata, affecting the poorest families and the most affluent social classes. Street children occupy markets and other public spaces. Deprived of family ties, they rebuild new ones in the face of the harshness of life in an often hostile environment. Their lives are also made up of violence, misery, but some joys within groups of belonging. This study attempts to achieve three goals: firstly, to take stock of the treatment of the phenomenon of street children by the local press; secondly, to determine the degree of treatment; and thirdly, to propose solutions for a better treatment.

Through this survey, we have led to a small answer to our question, which seems at first descriptive, to know who the actors of Nuit debout are. The aim of this thesis was to understand what type of person was involved in Nuit debout and how they became involved. The first thing to note is that for the majority of the individuals interviewed the commitment to Nuit debout was short (a few months) and intense (it required permanent involvement in the place). The majority of the respondents expected something from this movement, each in their own way (a revolution, a network, a democracy workshop) and it is in this, because they thought it would grow, that they became involved. Unfortunately, after several months in the square, they all found it difficult to establish their political dreams. In most of the interviews, we notice that the individuals have difficulties to speak about Nuit debout as a "we" but mostly as a "them and me".

The content of this book is an advocacy report that aims to encourage a dialogue between local authorities, civil society and migrants for the implementation of the policy adopted at the national level in order to improve the welfare and protection of migrants and communities, but also to fight against the violations suffered by sub-Saharan African nationals in Morocco. The aim was also to promote the social inclusion of these groups in the public services of local communities (health, education, employment, housing and justice).

Having divested themselves of a certain part of their freedom for the sake of harmony and the general interest, and having left it at the disposal of the state for this purpose, a people or the citizens of a single state have a collective right to self-determination. Violating this right always leads to social facts that are difficult to manage and to deal with. Its violation is always at the origin of social changes; but at what price? The United Nations was created with the aim of guaranteeing and preserving world peace, security and development, but the great powers are increasingly ignoring these aims (UN Charter). Thus we ask ourselves questions about the effectiveness of the UN. But also the violation of this principle within the States themselves, is it not alarming? It is in this spirit that we have approached our subject "ANALYSIS OF THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO HAVE THEIR OWN PERSONAL PROPERTY", in the hope that it will be useful to humanity in order to save us from returning to the state of nature which is, according to Thomas Hobbes, "the war of all against all" and to guarantee world peace.

The process of globalization has had the consequence of freeing up borders, thus favoring the movement of people and capital, and in this sense, leading to the development of the phenomenon of tax evasion. This has had the main effect of highlighting the existing asymmetries of the different state tax systems. Taxpayers taking advantage of these asymmetries, using hybrid arrangements, in order to drastically or even totally reduce their tax burden. The fight against these schemes only started very recently, shortly before 2010. It took the influence of the European Union, through the European Commission, for domestic legislations lacking mechanisms, such as France's, to be led to implement within their systems, instruments to fight against hybrid schemes. The fight against hybrid schemes has been accelerating since 2012, thanks in particular to soft law and the numerous OECD reports on the subject, but it has reached a real turning point with the BEPS action plan and the successive signatures of the ATAD and ATAD 2 agreements, in 2016 and 2017 respectively.

The Office du Niger zone remains the main pole of rice production, which is essentially carried out by family farms. The Niono production zone is the oldest production zone after Macina, covering a total area of 14,898 ha divided between four (4) developed ponds (see presentation of the zone). The first phase of our study was to make a comparative analysis of the profitability of rice farmers who own equipment and those who use the service, and finally to explain the process of issuing technical guarantees. After this study, it was found that the most profitable production mode was that of farmers with rice-growing equipment, with a net margin of 163,004.59 FCFA per hectare. Despite this fact, it should also be noted that the number of people in charge of these households is higher than that of those benefiting from the service, i.e. an average of 42 members, and the area used is 9.88 ha compared to 4.11 ha for the service providers. The process of issuing technical guarantees is also explained below. This book is intended for all actors interested in the

During an international oil conference. Mr Mazigh, a young engineer, was noticed by his Egyptian peers during his technical intervention in front of an audience of oil specialists and researchers. He will be invited to Egypt; he will work there during several stays, in the Egyptian oil offices and deserts. New Algerian-Egyptian friendships will be established during these stays and we will go back in history to the Fatimids who created the city of Cairo, then to Cleopatra Selene the daughter of Queen Cleopatra and wife of King Juba II. Mazigh and his wife will visit the Pyramids, stay in the cities of Cairo, El Mansourah, Doumiatte, and Alexandria; they will be the guests of the farming families along the Nile River; all these actions will strengthen the millenary Algerian-Egyptian friendship. The Egyptian sun will always be shining in the land of the Pharaohs. However, Mama's illness will put an end to Mazigh's wonderful trip to Egypt.

Soil has become a global issue around not only food, but also environmental problems of the 21st century, from corn production to global warming.it is at the center of debates, it must retain its productive capacity to continue to fulfill its function as a food source for humanity.it must also perform its other functions in the various eco-systems of our planet earth. This book is a modest contribution to knowledge and practices in crop nutrition and agricultural soil management.

The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. is nowadays the most destructive pest of cabbage crops. Due to the current difficulties in controlling this pest by using chemical pesticides, alternative methods have been advocated. It is in this dynamic that the present study is situated in order to evaluate the insecticidal effect of different aqueous extracts and castor oil against the larvae of stages 3 (L3) and 4 (L4) of P. xylostella. From the results of these different tests, it appears in a general way that the contact tests showed a greater efficiency compared to the ingestion tests. L3 larvae were more sensitive to the different extracts and oils compared to L4. Castor oil was very effective on cabbage maggot larvae resulting in total mortality of L3s 30 minutes after inoculation. Inoculation of larvae with aqueous extracts resulted in a remarkable larvicidal effect with the highest mortality rates recorded with seed extracts followed by leaves and roots. The larvicidal effects of castor oil in the field were similar to those obtained in the laboratory.

Every day, thousands of people die from hunger, homelessness or lack of adequate care. Natural disasters, epidemics, famines, wars and terrorist attacks are five situations that can lead to human beings, who have become refugees, being unable to survive by their own means. These structural ills are at the heart of the concerns of Humanitarian Action, which call upon the International UN, Governmental and Non-Governmental Organisations. The refugee issue is, today, a major concern on the international scene. Africa is one of the regions of the world most affected by the phenomenon of uprooted people. In 2015, there were 3.7 million refugees and 11.4 million internally displaced persons in Africa. These figures were reinforced by the conflict in the Central African Republic in 2013, which forced people to seek refuge in Cameroon and required a humanitarian response. In this context, this research aims to assess the framework and effectiveness of Plan International's humanitarian actions.

This research focuses on the formation of a reader/writer subject at the level of the qualifying secondary cycle. We argue that the integration of literary works in the French program aims to form a new profile of learners endowed with a critical sense, capable of expressing their subjectivity and breaking with outdated learning methods confining them to passive reading and writing limited to the strict respect of linguistic norms. Our research has enabled us to shed light on the causes of the failure of the Moroccan learner to appropriate literature and his difficulties in written production. The compartmentalized treatment of activities, the absence of relevant and coherent pedagogical projects, the limits of the teachers' didactic culture, the conceptual vagueness of the Pedagogical Guidelines are factors that hinder the interdependence between reading and written production and consequently the formation of a reader/writer subject.

Local cultivars are very diversified and hardy. Faced with the challenges of climate change and high demand for maize products, the acquisition of new sources that can be included in a variety creation program is essential. For this reason, a study was conducted on local cultivars collected in Burkina Faso in 2011 and in Togo in 2014. This study had two parts. The first part identified local cultivars in the material collected in Togo. Out of 18 cultivars collected in Togo 15 were selected as true local cultivars. After characterizing the 20 local cultivars from Burkina Faso, a structuring of the local cultivars from the two countries revealed that those from Togo were large, late and less productive. The second part of the study made it possible to select among the local cultivars those that better valorize fertilization and those that better tolerate juvenile water stress.

In the history of the built environment, certain phenomena often occur more or less homogeneously over long periods of time, so as to stabilise their subsequent development. Thus, in general, they may become predictable, even reassuring. More often, however, an event may create the conditions for accelerated and/or sudden changes. These, in turn, subject to chain reactions, will cause deviations in a development which, until then, seemed immutable. One example of these dynamics is given by the history of the "trabocchi", wooden machines for coastal fishing. This study documents an important phenomenon that has marked the economy of the coastal populations and analyses some less explored constructive aspects (typologies, choice of materials, ways of assembling components, devices, maintenance procedures, adaptation to new uses, etc.). The volume gathers the results of a vast research conducted by the University of Florence (Department of Architecture). This extensive work is based on detailed survey campaigns and extensive documentation.

Abstract: Adult Still's disease is an auto inflammatory disease with a polygenic character. It is only another facet of the childhood Still's disease which constitutes the original version of the disease. Its etiopathogeny remains obscure. To date, the diagnosis of adult Still's disease is based on a set of clinical and paraclinical arguments in the absence of a pathognomonic clinical or biological marker of the disease. In this book, you will discover the key to the diagnosis of Still's disease through evidence-based medicine. In this book, you will discover the key to the diagnosis of Still's disease through evidence-based medicine. The updated data from the literature are synthesized to arrive at a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm that highlights the various diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutic tips. Still's disease has not yet revealed all its secrets...and research continues to tell us more about biomarkers, pharmacogenetics....

The objective of our study is to identify the phytosanitary products used, the methods and practices of management of these products by the market gardeners installed in the Classified Forest of Mbao (FCM). Initiated the study of the negative effects of the use of phytosanitary products by market gardeners. It consisted in taking a quarter of the total population of market gardeners, i.e. 100 surveyed market gardeners. Then, we administered a questionnaire to collect information on pesticides. The study revealed that the majority of producers (95%) in the Mbao Classified Forest use phytosanitary products. Twenty-four (24) commercial specialties and fourteen (14) active ingredients were identified, the most commonly used of which are Dimethoate, Chlorpyriphos-ethyl, Abamectin, Lambdacyalothrin and Acetamepride. 46.2% of the active ingredients used are not authorized by the Sahelian Pesticides Committee (SPC). Non-compliance with hygiene measures and the lack of personal protective equipment among producers are widespread. Thus, 39% of producers do not use protective equipment during preparation and treatment.

Research on Stendhal, Vol. II These nine studies analyze Stendhal's work, his criticism of the prose of Cicero and his epigones, his evocation of reality and the nocturnal sides of humanity, his famous definition of the novel as a mirror, the interferences between Boccaccio, Shakespeare, Schiller, Beethoven and Stendhal, and his indictment of tyranny in all its forms, symbolized by the Red of the blood of tyrants and their victims and by the Black of oppression.

Among viral hepatitis, viral hepatitis B (VLH) is a clear public health priority. It is a so-called silent disease because most carriers are unaware that they have it. In many cases, the infection evolves slowly, sometimes for several decades. It then causes chronic and sometimes incurable diseases such as cancer and cirrhosis of the liver.The magnitude of the problem of viral hepatitis B is not only due to its frequency, but also to its short- and long-term health impact because of its potential to evolve and therefore its complications.It is the first etiology of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. The epidemiology of HVB is important in order to understand its natural history and to identify its risk and prognostic factors.

Since 1 January 2004, the liability of the public administration has been established in Mexican law through a reform of article 113 paragraph 2 of the Mexican Constitution (now article 109 paragraph 6), following the example of Spanish law. This reform establishes an objective and direct responsibility: the Administration is directly responsible for the damages caused to the victims and not the public agent, who was the only one responsible in the former private law regime of article 1927 of the Federal Civil Code (abrogated), where the Administration was indirectly and subsidiarily responsible for damages. However, the current system of liability has been limited by the Mexican legislator only to irregular administrative activity. All of the above leads to a contradiction in the system due to the application of fault as the element generating liability (civil tradition), but also due to the imperfections of the integration of Spanish law in the reform of the Mexican Constitution.

In this study, we propose to address the different issues we have identified from a double perspective: the first part is devoted to the examination of generalities on the international criminal system, its functioning in a normative framework, by touching on the actors who intervene in the investigation procedure, the concepts generally accepted in the international legal system. Particular emphasis is placed on the question of the balance of powers and/or rights of the actors in the trial, the Prosecutor, the judges, the witnesses, the victims and the accused. The second part is devoted to the procedural problems posed by anonymous testimony and to the acts performed in the framework of the investigation procedure by anonymous testimony in a few cases considered more important from the jurisprudential point of view. Particular emphasis is placed on the problems posed by anonymous testimony, the abuse of procedure and, by way of proposing solutions to the problems, a perspective of iure condendo closes our study before giving a conclusion.