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The first part summarises our end-of-training internship in a women's group called 'ifê-lêgbê'. In this part, after an introduction, we presented the group in which we did the internship, the activities we carried out there and an analysis of the group's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). It can be noted that this women's group has proven experience in the production of gari and tapioca. The second part summarises our project to set up a production and marketing unit for fine gari in the commune of Adja-Ouèrè. In fact, this part allowed us to carry out technical and economic studies. These studies show that the project is technically feasible and economically profitable. Furthermore, indices such as the internal rate of return, which is 30.30%, the payback period of the invested capital, which is 5 months, and the net present value, which is 13.85%, enabled us to better analyse the economic profitability of the project.

The effectiveness of migration policies has been widely contested in the face of their supposed failure to direct immigration and their effects. However, due to fundamental methodological and conceptual limitations, the evidence has remained inconclusive. While research on the determinants of international migration has tended to be based on the gravity model. To begin to fill this gap, this dissertation presents a theoretical and empirical study of the causes and consequences of international migration between Tunisia and EU countries. First, a theoretical study will be devoted to theoretical reviews of international migration and the gravity model theory. Secondly, the relationship between return migration and investment will be studied taking the case of Tunisia. Secondly, an empirical study will focus on the application of the gravity model for the estimation of the volume of migration between Tunisia and the European Union countries. The gravity model includes economic and non-economic variables (demographic, geographical, political, cultural...).

Because of its collaborative aspects, social media have revolutionised the approach and processing of information, especially in the world of sport. The general public is now discovering a new way of communicating in a transversal way directly with the main source of information, mainly thanks to the different functions of social networks. These networks centralise the databases of the main players in top-level sport, such as athletes, journalists and the sports media, as well as the managers of sports structures (presidents, general managers, etc.). This 2.0 meeting of these actors constitutes a varied and unique source of information depending on the type of social network used. The wealth of information disclosed as well as the behaviour of the actors towards these social platforms drastically modifies the communication around high level sport in every respect. In order to deal with this subject, the authors first discuss the use of Web 2.0 in the world of top-level sport. Secondly, they will discuss the business and buzz related to sport and the resulting impacts.

Microorganisms are present everywhere in our environment. Many germs are harmless, others are pathogenic and can establish a disease. Food can be a real culture medium for these microorganisms. They are then capable of causing various ailments in the consumer. The microbiological examination is an essential tool for assessing the level of contamination of foodstuffs and the nature of their microflora. In this modest work, the microbiological quality of the collected foods was evaluated by determining the levels of contamination in total aerobic mesophilic flora, total and fecal coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and yeasts and molds, in addition to the search for Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens and Shigella.

The aging population has been demanding a more careful look at the elderly, especially the institutionalized, given that, in addition to the changes that aging produces, the elderly still have to live with the stigma of old imposed by the social structure in which we live and by living in the asylum. The book allows reflections on the theme from the narrative and photographs of elderly people from an asylum institution. The poetic narrative sometimes used to narrate the images, sometimes translating the voice of the elderly, provided the weaving of the text of the encounter, between voices and visions of institutionalized old age that seeks to unsettle our identification, approximation, analysis and interpretation of the elements that constitute this universe, while it puts us in the place of the other.

From the title of this book, one can quickly grasp the magnitude of the economic challenge that Islamic finance represents for the countries of the European Union. What is certainly a pity is that it took a financial crisis for Islamic finance to be propelled to the forefront of the European economic scene when we are almost a century away from the Muslim presence in Europe. Between the voluntarist speeches of governments and the reality of institutions, we wanted to take stock through this book. The first part will be a reminder of the different challenges of Islamic finance for European states in a post-financial crisis global context. The second part will try to draw up a chronological study of the state of play of Islamic finance in Europe through the case study of different countries that are driving the issue: the case of England, the case of Turkey, the case of Germany, the case of France and the other countries of the European Union. Finally, the third part will focus on the prospects of Islamic finance in Europe at the dawn of the second decade of the century 2000.

Sexuality is a science whose knowledge of these physiological and physiopathological bases is important for medical practice. Indeed, sexual pathologies are observed in several disciplines and medical and surgical specialties. This book focuses on the pathological aspects of sexuality and their characteristics according to the sex of the patient but also according to age. The terms of treatment are also discussed.

Modernity has driven morality out of the literary field. It is an obvious fact. To do so, the critics had to choose the literary texts which brought the demonstration of the validity of their hypothesis. But the logic of the confirmation is not that of the refutation. So we should not be surprised to see that this exclusion has become ineffective over time. One wanted to chase morality, here it comes back at a gallop, if only under the modality of "the moral lesson of history". Can literature have as its goal to show behaviors other than those required in public life? If so, this means that literature is the explicit and/or implicit answer to a public or political question. The answer in question, not being of the order of conformity, would deviate from the critical doxa, would upset the existing norms and rules or would simply propose new paths by opening up as yet unmentionable perspectives. This is what this study tries to explore according to a "biocultural" approach.

The research is composed of three papers as follows: "Evaluation of the antigenic and immunogenic relationship between field samples and vaccine samples of infectious bursal disease virus by western blotting". "Infectious bursal disease: evaluation of the pathogenicity of vaccines marketed in Brazil in specific pathogen free birds" "Infectious bursal disease: evaluation of maternal immunity and protection conferred by vaccination on the first day of life , against challenge with a very virulent sample of the virus.

The ego, is not yet persistent, rather freedom remain faithful to each reader and each change, since everything is the continuity of the first, is social and remains. There are those who call it capciosamente as "that element of the soul that swells in moments that should not and suffers when it collides with reality", but what to speak of the soul, was not certain that the plane has no dimension?

In our present work, we have succeeded in defining the outline of a subject that at first sight seemed very broad. Moreover, by focusing on the new market of ultra-fresh snacks, we have managed to deconstruct the trend taken by the manufacturers by going all the time towards novelty and innovation. The semiotic analysis of the packaging allowed us to highlight the slightest messages conveyed by the latter, and above all to highlight the different positioning and values of the same product. However, the ultra-fresh snack segment is only one example among many in the functional food universe. Since its inception, new products have always been created, succeeded or failed over a long or short period of time before disappearing, as in the case of Danino ice cream or Danone's Danao juice. Manufacturers are forced to align themselves with restrictive European directives and to accommodate consumer demands, the most important of which is the health issue.

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a worldwide public health problem, a disease of placental origin affecting the maternal endothelium. It is classically defined as de novo hypertension associated with proteinuria > 0.3 g/24 h occurring after 20 weeks of gestation and is characterized by a latent phase between the beginning of pregnancy and the onset of the disease. This opens the way to a possible screening which would allow an early management of parturients in order to reduce the complications related to this pathology.The main goal of this work is to evaluate the interest of the determination of angiogenic biomarkers (sFlt1 and PLGF) in the detection of preeclampsia in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. The prognostic value of PAPP-A, AFP, and free-¿HCG in the occurrence of PE was also analyzed.

The January 20, 2011 revision of the Congolese constitution of February 18, 2006 violates the federal character of the state. With regard to federal autonomy, the legal obligation, as Léon Duguit stated, is imposed on governments to respect it, and bound by this legal obligation, they cannot suppress it either by an ordinary law or even by a constitutional law. However, there always comes a time when the law stops in the face of force. The act by which the central government suppresses the autonomy of a federalized territory would be an act of force, and never an act of law, in whatever form this suppression takes place, because this act would be the violation of a legal obligation, that is to say, a coup d'état ( Leon Duguit, L'État, les gouvernants et les agents, preface de Frank Moderne, Dalloz, Paris, 2005, pp. 758-759). A recurrent phenomenon in our young democracies! Why is this so? Beyond the study of the Congolese constitution of February 18, 2006, this book poses the whole problem of the future of constitutionalism, understood as a technique for limiting powers, in young democracies.

This book is composed of two phases. The first phase deals with the generalities of landslides, their classifications and the different methods of landslide analysis. The second phase deals with a comparative study of landslides (Case of Parc Dounia Alger, ALGERIA), this comparison was made by two software (PLAXIS and GEOSLOP) with a different calculation basis. The first one is based on the finite element method with the technique of mechanical parameters reduction (c-phi reduction) until failure. The second is based on limit equilibrium methods.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of relationship conflict issues. Whether it is between adults, between children or adult/child, the situations can have serious consequences. The almost total disappearance of in-service training for teachers and other education professionals leaves them alone in situations that can be very difficult to manage on a daily basis. In order to respond to this problem and to the strong demand from the educational field, I have accompanied the OCCE in the elaboration of devices to improve relations in schools and pedagogical tools to be used by its members. Through the missions of this association, we wished to transmit the values of the School, to cooperate while palliating the lack of means of the professionals of education. A training course made it possible to access individual tracks, to help to feel less alone in jobs which rely for much on the quality of human relations. This writing allows us to glimpse the possibilities of managing conflicts encountered in the educational world...

The research that gave rise to this book, in 2008, aimed to study and analyze the repercussions caused by the implementation of the Furnas Hydroelectric Power Plant, located in the southwest region of the state of Minas Gerais. The repercussions were considered to be both the processes of "de/re/territorialization", caused by the construction of the plant, and the tourist potential, which arose after the creation of the artificial lake formed by the damming of the waters.

During the last decade, it has been observed that most of the large coastal cities in the Gulf of Guinea, in this case Douala, have a quasi-annual periodicity of flooding. Consequently, a haphazard management of the development of the cities could prove fatal. Based on this observation, this study, which focuses on coastal risk management, aims to contribute to a better adaptation of urbanization. Thus, the oceanic modelling approach used in this study provides a more global coverage of the area, as well as a parameterisation of the environmental conditions. To this end, the SYMPHONIE coastal circulation model is validated on the basis of in situ and altimetric observations. In addition, the study of the tide, the sensitivity to forcings and the water levels were addressed. To do this, several simulations were carried out. This study shows an interesting approach for flood risk management. This approach aims at quantifying the contribution of each forcing, which is essential for a better predictive management.

In this book we demonstrate the control of a tank level, existing in a mining company located in the region of Conselheiro Lafaiete-MG, in this case the control is performed through an induction motor driven by a frequency inverter through a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and to assist in the manipulation and visualization of the variables of this control was developed a SCADA system (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition). The visualization of the value is obtained through a transmitter and level indicator (LIT), which is read by the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and this reading is made available to the SCADA system where the values will be monitored in real time, enabling level adjustment.

Santa Catarina is currently the largest national producer of cultivated oysters. This activity was implemented at the end of the 1980s by the Agricultural Research and Technology Dissemination Company - EPAGRI and the Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, aiming to complement the income of fishermen in their communities of origin. Este livro apresenta um custo de implantação e de produção de ostras da espécie Crassostrea gigas, trazendo parâmetros cuja utilização possa auxiliar na tomada de decisão de técnicos, produtores e outros envolvidos com a atividade. When we compare the cost of production with the selling price of the product, we see that the expenses are compensated by the good financial profitability, making it very attractive, as it is demonstrated by the values of the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) presented. As the profitability is high, Fazenda XV has a great flexibility in determining the sales price, being able to lower it in case of great competition and during the low season.

"Millions of people have been victimized by disastrous development policies, conceived in a megalomaniacal compass, executed in a primitive and callous manner, which in the end developed little more than the fortune and power of their principals. The Third World pseudo-faiths, in just one generation, became skilled manipulators of images and symbols of progress, but proved remarkably incapable of generating real progress to compensate for the real devastation and misery they brought" (BERMAN, 1986).

Based on data collected in cycle IV of the basic school in Burundi, the authors contribute to the debate on classroom practices in French language teaching. This book explores the components of the pedagogical space of French teaching, namely the didactic pole, the pedagogical pole and the learning pole, in the socio-cultural context of Burundi. After presenting the socio-cultural framework of French teaching/learning, the book then reviews the didactic relationships at work in French lessons in Cycle IV of basic education. Finally, it analyzes the teachers' representations of the "fundamental" reform.

In a dynamic environment, change in organisations is more than a certainty. However, there is no unanimity on the content of this phenomenon, its sources and/or its process. The large companies established in Côte d'Ivoire do not escape change and the debates it provokes, and we have endeavoured, through this book, to understand the sources of their transformations of structures, work processes and variations in the attitudes of their workers, in the current context marked by globalisation and its sub-dimensions. Thus, based on two case studies, we trace, on the one hand, the major dependencies leading to the changes in these large companies (exogenous factors), and on the other hand, the strategies they give rise to (endogenous factors). This book is intended for teachers and students of Management Sciences. It is also of interest to anyone involved in change management, including general managers, functional managers, project managers, HR managers, etc.

In Morocco, sugar occupies a prominent place in the population's eating habits. The Green Morocco Plan launched in the Kingdom to promote agriculture has set itself the objective of increasing the areas planted with sugar crops while improving production in terms of quality and quantity. However, several constraints must be overcome in order to achieve the expected objectives. Indeed, in addition to physiological diseases causing deficiencies, certain parasites and pests can in turn cause significant damage if appropriate phytosanitary measures are not taken immediately. Thus, cercosporiose, sclerotinia, cassis and others often affect beet, while on sugarcane, smut is the main disease always encountered on one of the varieties widely desired by farmers. This book reviews the main parasitic and physiological diseases frequently encountered on these two crops in the Gharb plain, one of the Kingdom's main irrigated areas.

The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is known mainly for its edible fruit and its important nutritional, commercial and industrial potential. It can be consumed fresh, dried or processed into jams, drinks or vinegar. Citric acid is extracted from it and is used in the manufacture of certain pharmaceutical products, especially for bronchitis. We can also extract starch, organic acids, wax, sterols, etc. The chopped leaves and crowns can be integrated into the feed of livestock. The pineapple stem is used for its anti-inflammatory properties.

There has been a growing interest in customer loyalty since the 1990s. However, it is mainly in the last ten years that the subject has become a central concern. Indeed, the technological revolution we have experienced has brought a new dimension: the follow-up and return on investment of the tools used. The business world is becoming ever more competitive, and companies are perfecting their products and management. It has become inescapable for companies to establish strategies and objectives in order to pilot their activity in a precise manner. The challenge is to measure the effectiveness of strategic decisions and to implement corrective actions if necessary. The research object of this thesis is to study the stakes of loyalty in B2B relationships. This dissertation will focus on a central issue: how to build loyalty in key accounts in B2B relationships?

With the social, cultural and political tensions that the world as a whole is currently undergoing, the search for freedom remains a means to remedy them or a factor of tension. In this book we will establish some aspects of it. Is it illusory? Or realistic? Can it have its origins in our traditions? Is it the source of some of the social ills that plague this world? Does it plunge into disarray?

Alfred Bukuhi tells the story of how we care for children in the 21st century. These thousands of children full of history are the first victims of the actions of adults: some are uneducated, rejected by their families, others abandoned here and there. Politicians and revolutionaries use children for various purposes. They are subjected to forced labor, mine work, enlisted in armed groups, targeted by chemical attacks, etc. Through this story, Alfred Bukuhi reveals, with energy, his conception of the world of the child and the youth through the media that explode through the digital medium. At the center of all these processes is the modern media with particular implications for children and youth. Faced with this challenge of taking care of the child, political, economic and especially communicational solutions must be considered, because it is necessary that adults improve their way of communicating with children for a more humane world and an invitation to each one to reinvent their way of life in front of children since the future of this world depends on it.

Local chickens represent a wealth for Africa whose potential was neither known nor promoted. Instead of a simple traditional activity with little economic interest, local chicken farming is now presented as a real economic activity, making those who engage in it into real agricultural entrepreneurs. The inclusion of quality management has made it possible to establish the production of local chickens as a system divided into processes. Within each process, simple principles are laid down to control production and make the business profitable. The formula for making money through local chicken production is defined by the Louis Agbokou & Bienvenue Toviwazon equation.

The science that studies the emergence and evolution of life as the result of the gradual development of matter towards increasingly complex and perfect forms. In the universe nothing remains immobile and immutable, everything transforms, absolutely everything is in continuous change, in constant movement. This document provides information on proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA and RNA, structural complexity and high degree of organization, metabolism and general biochemical principles.

This book is, in particular, about the different modes of evidence in labour law. It is noted that the Moroccan Labour Code does not contain any specific provisions relating to evidence. Thus, the employment relationship, as far as the issue of proof is concerned, is governed by Common Law, whether it is French legislation or its Moroccan counterpart - being deeply inspired by it since the protectorate. These are adapted to the specificity and imperatives of labour law. It deduces that the aim of this adaptation is to ensure that the inequality of the parties that characterises the employment contract is not reflected in litigation, in order to compensate for a de facto inequality.