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The presumption of innocence is a legal principle guaranteed by an abundance of national texts, as well as regional and international conventions. Despite these many safeguards, however, the presumption of innocence is often violated to such an extent that it tends to become a presumption of guilt. It is therefore imperative to perfect the protection of this fundamental right.

Culture influences not only how we act and perceive things, but also how we want others to perceive us. The impact of culture on people's value systems can affect the fate of a prevention campaign. Helping young people to adopt responsible sexual behavior, for example, is a deeply rooted idea with distinct cultural meanings that must be understood by social marketers before any communication plan is introduced. For example, the marketing of condoms or abstinence will not necessarily be the same for all socio-economic groups. Indeed, what is accepted in one culture may be taboo in another, as in the case of condoms among the Muslim population; acceptance or rejection of the message is predetermined by cultural prejudice. Knowledge of AIDS and adoption of preventive methods may be influenced by religion, ethnic factors and level of education.

The Democratic Republic of Congo is a country where the population still needs more to be understood and guided in making decisions, especially those concerning its life, development and political orientation.This will help them to develop their strategies in choosing their political and other leaders, so that a great Congo at the centre of Africa can be reborn.

In the religious anthropology of Christianity, human society is created in the image of the Holy Trinity, and the individual human being is perceived as a flawed individual with powerful energies, such as the energy of sexuality. The binding energy in human society is divine love. Love knows no shame, no hostile evaluation, since shame came about as a result of the fall into sin and it became something akin to a hostile gaze. In Christian anthropology, God always sees man. The anonymity of man for God does not exist in sex or in love. This collection may point the way to reflect on today's personal growth techniques and powerful energies, including the strongest of all, the energy of human sexuality into the energy for becoming a spiritual person. The collection of articles may be useful for philosophers, theologians, religious scholars, psychologists, educators and all thinking people interested in sex and technologies of personal growth.

The aim of this book is to find out whether IGAs help to improve the socio-economic conditions of the women in the AVEC groups in the Ntambuka chiefdom. Based on statistical analysis and the chi-square test, we arrived at the following results: the average age of the women surveyed was 29. This is justified by the fact that being part of an AVEC requires being dynamic. Older women were in the minority because of their age. The majority are married or in a common-law relationship. This is justified by the fact that they have family responsibilities to cover. Most of the women sell food products because it is a profitable IGA. The main reason why they joined an AVEC was to learn how to save and gain easy access to credit. From a financial point of view, 30% of the women surveyed had increased their capital thanks to the financing provided by CSAs. The dependence is highly significant chi2 = 7.38, ddl = 1, 1-p = 99.26%, the exercise of an income-generating activity has a positive effect on improving living conditions.

In Benin, nurses complain of inadequate job satisfaction and burnout. The data show 7135 inhabitants per doctor, 2648 inhabitants per nurse, 1705 inhabitants per midwife; this does not reflect World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The scoping review did not exhaustively show job satisfaction/motivation measures for Human Resources for Health (HRH) in all Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries respectively. A fortiori, job satisfaction/motivation measures specific to nurses in SSA were not mentioned. The factors "My pay and the amount of work I do" received the highest ratings of "very dissatisfied" (60, 92%), "dissatisfied" (37, 92%), "satisfied" (65, 52%) and "very satisfied" (32, 18%) respectively. The average "satisfied" rating was 37.4% in zone hospitals, versus 62.6% in health centers. Signs of burnout were noted in eight out of 10 people (82.76).

Insufficient research of the spiritual evolution of any person's own "I" and personality from the perspective of the possibility of using the most different systems of spatial and temporal coordinates: from landscape-geographical to mystical determine the relevance of the topic of the author's present work.The object of the author's research is the personality as a triune essence, to the acquisition of which a person aspires. The subject of the research is a part of human life from birth to the age when a person acquires personality and transforms it. This part of life is characterized by periods of bifurcation transitions with the complication of the structure of the human spiritual world in the system of internal space-time coordinates.The main provisions and conclusions of this work can serve as a theoretical basis for further natural-scientific, religious and philosophical study of the definition of human spiritual evolution and the formation of triune personality, as well as for practical use by philosophers, psychologists, clergymen, journalists.

The first research topic is entitled "Tribological behavior of iron-based shape memory alloys". This theme involves studying the influence of chemical composition, lubrication, normal force and sliding speed on the tribological behavior of iron-based shape memory alloys, since these materials are used for pipe fittings, damping parts, joints and reinforcements for reinforced concrete structures.CHARFI AmineBorn March 3, 1979 in Sfax Tunisian - Married Email: charfi.amin@yahoo.frFORMATIONS AND DIPLOMAS:- Thesis at the Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (2011) and in collaboration with INSA de Lyon (MATEIS laboratory): Etude du comportement thermomécanique et électrochimique de deux nuances d'alliages à mémoire de forme à base de fer Fe-32Mn-6Si et Fe-8Mn-6Si-13Cr-6Ni-12Co Spécialité : Matériaux et Environnement Mention : Très honorable- Diplôme d'habilitation universitaire de l'Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax : Etude du comportement tribologique des matériaux innovants: Shape memory alloys, micro-composites and nano-composites.

Interleukins and COVID-19: Exploring Biotechnology for a New Therapeutic Approach" is a journey through the fascinating world of interleukins and their potential role in the fight against COVID-19. The book offers a detailed overview of interleukins, focusing on IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13, and explores the possibilities of their large-scale synthesis for therapeutic use. It also discusses the challenges associated with this approach and future prospects. We hope this book will serve as a valuable resource for those interested in this exciting area of research. Happy reading!

Lina Bo Bardi, an iconic figure in Latin American architecture, transcends mere design to conceive buildings as living organisms, rooted in social and symbolic interaction. Her legacy is forged by the use of natural elements: stones, leaves, vegetation and water, giving vitality to each work. The uniqueness of her approach is manifested in the meticulous arrangement of strategic vertical circulations, imbued with implicit meanings and a unique constructive complexity. This master of detail and innovation, perhaps influenced by her foray into industrial design, reveals in each project a creative obsession with precision in the elements of assembly and articulation, evidencing how circulations occupied a preeminent place in her sphere of attention and creative energy.

The general objective of this research is to compare the level of service quality in the network of auto repair shops (A, B and C) of an insurance company's agreement. The type of research applied in this study was descriptive-comparative, maintaining a quantitative approach.for the evaluation of the level of quality in the service provided by each auto repair shop, a questionnaire composed of 16 sentences was applied as a data collection instrument, divided into 4 areas: Customer Service, Efficiency, Reliability, Safety and Facilities; according to the repair service process given to the customers' vehicles.As results, the ratings of each aspect mentioned above were obtained and a general average of the rating obtained by each automotive workshop in the whole experience of their customers was made, interpreting it as the quality of the service provided and then the three workshops were compared among themselves. It is concluded, which workshop has a higher level of quality service and the number of dissatisfied customers in each one is identified, making recommendations.

The gestation of a life by another person has always been a controversial issue. The fact that we are dealing with a subject that generates a lot of controversy because it involves the production of life by means of assisted reproduction techniques requires legal professionals to be sharp, as it is a field rich in interpretations under the aegis of different ideologies. At the heart of the controversy are ethical and scientific issues; there are redefinitions of the filiation of a child fertilised in an outsourced uterus. More studies need to be carried out on the temporary uterus transfer contract, because there is no specific legislation for this purpose. To this end, a research problem was formulated to guide the study, in the form of a question: is there legal protection so that the use of this technique does not become indiscriminate? Following on from the study, as well as needing more legal protection, there are various implications on the subject, which will be analysed throughout the work. The general objective is to research the importance of the contract and the creation of laws for the temporary use of the uterus in order to minimise conflicts over the child's filiation.

We identified 271 patients who received a blood transfusion out of 11786 admitted in the context of obstetric emergencies, i.e. 2.3% of cases. The indications for blood transfusion in our study were severe anemia following immediate post-partum hemorrhage (67.6%), retroplacental hematoma (11.9%), hemorrhagic abortion (4.9%), ectopic pregnancy (4.4%), uterine rupture (1.9%) and hemorrhagic placenta previa (0.9%). Transfusions for severe anemia in pregnancy accounted for 7.9%. Blood transfusion improved the clinical condition of the majority of patients admitted to the department. Given the frequency of blood transfusion, recommendations on its practice should be observed to optimize transfusion indications and the use of labile blood products, and to minimize the risk of transfusion-related incidents.

The aim of this study is to highlight the determinants of investment in Senegal. The data used cover the period from 1972 to 2004, and come from the Senegalese National Accounts database. We applied a theoretical model based on the use of VAR methodology tools such as VECM (causality in the sense of Granger, impulse response functions, forecast variance decomposition, etc.) to measure this aspect of investment determinants. The results of the VECM model highlight the pre-eminence of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the interest rate as determining variables in maintaining investment. The economic policy recommendations are to accentuate government action through a sustained investment profile and an improved business climate.

This book deals with the introduction of management and production engineering tools in order to enrich the knowledge of companies, regardless of their size, but focusing on micro and small companies, which account for 54% of formal employment in Brazil. The Balanced Scorecard, PDCA Cycle and Kanban tools present visions and management models aimed at delivering the goals and objectives set by managers, as well as monitoring their achievement, which could result in a reduction in the percentage of companies closing down due to lack of knowledge of management tools in the short/medium term after opening. This book was written based on an analysis of information collected through case studies, scientific articles and data from the Brazilian context. In order to establish a good theoretical basis, authors dealing with entrepreneurship, management tools, strategic management and quality, strategic planning, business survival and employability in Brazil were researched.

This book is a contribution to the analysis of current spatial dynamics in small towns in the interior of the country, also known as secondary towns, whose processes of evolution, recomposition and governance differ from those of former regional towns, which were essentially administrative. The methodological approach is based on a classic approach involving a literature review, quantitative and qualitative surveys, diachronic analysis of spatial evolution based on remote sensing monitoring and satellite image processing.This study highlighted the spatial growth and rapid evolution of built-up areas to the detriment of agricultural land, leading to a gradual recomposition of the communal territory and its outskirts. Local authorities are therefore faced with the need to take decisions aimed at improving urban planning.

With the aim of renewing the pedagogical supervision system, a New Pedagogical Supervision Approach inspired by Results-Based Management was instituted in basic education in Burkina Faso in 1999. After several years of implementation, difficulties in using the tools of this approach persist. In fact, we wonder whether teachers benefit from appropriate support/advice in drawing up Individual Improvement Plans (IAPs). The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and quality of the pedagogical support provided to teachers by educational supervisors (EP) and school principals (DE) in this innovation. To this end, the survey was carried out in four of the country's Circonscriptions d'Éducation de Base. The results revealed a certain weakness in the know-how, willingness to act and power to act of the players involved in supporting teachers. In short, if difficulties persist, it's because teachers don't benefit from appropriate support from PEs and DEs. Appropriate measures must therefore be taken to reverse this trend.

The growing daily generation of solid urban waste and the continued inadequate disposal in open dumps represent one of the major challenges facing municipal administrations. Considering the changes arising from the new regulatory framework for basic sanitation, with Law 14.026/2020, this research aims to assess the impacts and recent movements of municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Sousa-PB, in light of the main changes arising from this regulatory framework.Thus, there is a need to better understand the new reality of the municipalities of Paraíba, especially the numerous challenges that public managers are facing in drawing up plans and strategies to effectively meet the new deadlines for environmentally appropriate final disposal of waste, under penalty of civil and criminal liability.In this context, it is necessary for the Municipal Government to assume the responsibility conferred on it by the Federal Constitution, to guarantee an ecologically balanced environment for all, and to promote sustainable development for future generations, through effective actions aimed at solving problems in this sector.

Bolsa Família was created by Provisional Measure No. 132 of October 20, 2003. The program was created from the reorganization of other existing programs, such as Bolsa Escola and Bolsa Alimentação, and its aim was to promote social assistance and fight hunger and poverty. In 2017, the program enabled 3.4 million people to leave extreme poverty and another 3.2 million to overcome poverty. In August 2021, through Provisional Measure No. 1,061, the federal government announced the creation of Auxílio Brasil to replace Bolsa Família. The main theme of this book is the Auxílio Brasil program and the budgetary obstacles faced by the government as a risk to the viability of the proposal.

The primary approach to a patient in the emergency department is an essential part of the patient's care. Its main objective is to make an initial assessment of vital functionsand stabilize them. The emergency context makes primary assessment more difficult. The medical team's fear is to miss a lesion that could jeopardize vital or functional prognosis in the short or long term, thus increasing morbidity and mortality. An overlooked lesion is defined as a lesion that has not beenor reported during the initial phase of management, and which may be life- or function-threatening. Hence the need for a standardized approach, with reassessment of the efficacy of therapeutic actions implemented at the same time as clinical reasoning and diagnosis progress.

The present research analyzed the codes of marks as a technique for the correction of errors in the written expression of the French language of eighth semester students of the Plurilingual Career of the Universidad Central del Ecuador. The research has a qualitative approach, since it describes the problem in order to reach an understanding of it. Therefore, two instruments were applied: The checklist and the rubric through which the necessary data were collected to know how the mark codes are used and what is the level of mastery of written expression of the French language. In addition, the bibliographic and field modality was used. That is to say, for the research process we resorted to the analysis of bibliographic sources in order to know the different perspectives of the authors on the subject, and for the gathering of evidence, observations were made in the place where the problem was presented. Once the analysis and interpretation of the results were carried out, it was concluded that the marking codes are used by the teacher in most of the corrections made in the students' writing tasks.

The aim of this book was to determine the effect of community participation on social capital in Cameroon. If we consider that local development is a process by which a community manages to coordinate itself around objectives that fall within its territorial jurisdiction, it is clear that the real complexity linked to the emergence of a community lies in its ability to strengthen the links between the actors involved. As part of this research, we used data from the Afrobaromètre Round7 survey conducted in 2018 among 1202 individuals. The use of a recursive probitbivariate incorporating the constraint of full-time work supply enabled us to show that community involvement significantly amplifies relations of trust and solidarity in Cameroon. Hence, considering that high social capital is an expedient for the economic and social development of Cameroonian localities.

In speaking of the human experience of finitude and the need for an ordering towards absolute infinitude, understood as the locus where the nature and identity of man can be truly restored, that is, in speaking of the understanding of the place of the human soul in the hierarchy of the world, recognising its dynamic nature and the need for an ordering towards God, we seek here to present Augustinian cosmology. As well as dealing with the problem of recognising human weakness and dependence, the emptying of oneself through a movement of rupture and distancing oneself from the pursuit of happiness and the inability to overcome the limits of one's finitude, we present Augustinian psychology. Both point, as it were, to a moral philosophy. In this agenda, the theme of spiritual stillness, the horizon of human trajectory, explores, at the same time, Rational Philosophy, Logical Philosophy and Physical Philosophy, according to the classical Stoic tripartition, which was used by various schools and doctrines in Antiquity, subordinating various areas of knowledge to the theme of interiority, elaborating a specific moral philosophy to understand it.

As a result of the study, problematic aspects were identified and directions for improving the taxation of land and real estate at the state level were identified, recommendations were given for optimizing payments for land tax and real estate tax by organizations under the current taxation mechanism.Improving the taxation of land and real estate will increase the receipt of tax payments to the budget, ensure a rational distribution of the tax burden between payers, which will have a positive impact on the development of the economy of the Republic of Belarus.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the management of Hospital Waste (HW) in the city of Matola, in particular the Matola Provincial Hospital (HPM). The method used to achieve the objectives was a quantitative, discrete qualitative and exploratory approach. To this end, the quantities of the types of waste generated were specifically determined, and management practices were assessed in accordance with current legislation at national level. It was concluded that the HPM generates several categories of waste, namely: common waste, infectious waste, sharps, chemical waste, radioactive waste and finally biological waste. The quantification of hospital waste generated at the HPM revealed a generation rate of 216.6 kg/day and 1083 kg/week. It should be noted that of the total generated each week, around 600 kg is non-hazardous waste and around 483 kg is hazardous. As far as hospital waste management practices at HPM are concerned, it can be concluded that they are not being carried out properly and therefore need to be more closely monitored. Although some of the practices required by current legislation in Mozambique have been observed.

What is the periphery? What is the centre? Who is to blame for these extremes (Centre / Periphery)? The countries of the world, even those living on the edge of poverty, want to grow and develop properly... and they're looking for a formula! It is to adjust the development formula that "Inclusion of Rural Areas for the Development of Southern Countries" appears. Nobody needs to travel long intellectual distances to find the formula anymore, because it's right here. Dear reader, you no longer need to try to find difficult formulas, because the simple Inclusion of Rural Areas that this book proposes is not intended to fail... Easy as that!

Tobacco is one of the most harmful addictions faced by human beings. Why don't doctors, who know or should know about the harmful effects of smoking, usually advise their patients to avoid cigarettes? In search of the answer, the authors carried out research that turned into a master's thesis, a book chapter, symposia on the subject of smoking in adolescence and matured into the writing of this book. This book presents the original research, psychological aspects of smoking in adolescence, cigarette substances and their effects on the body, and a discussion on how to prevent or reduce cigarette use in the general population. It's a very interesting book and highly recommended for health professionals, students and even teenagers interested in the subject of smoking, because in addition to the technical/scientific information, it leads us to reflections and questions that are important for understanding the use of tobacco (cigarettes/narcotics) in the adolescent age group. "If you smoke because you have one problem, by smoking you'll have two." (Anonymous). I hope this book awakens in you, the reader, the desire to do more research and share what you have learnt. Happy reading! Big hug, Halley!

The present research, due to its design, is mixed, taking as reference a sample of 109 students with different abilities enrolled in the semester 2023-2 at the University of Sonora and belonging to the educational inclusion program. The objective is to determine the quality of the educational inclusion program at the University of Sonora through the perspective of students with different abilities, in order to establish the importance of physical activity and sports as a strategy to promote social integration and improve the quality of life of these students in the university environment. The results, of an exploratory nature, allow us to deduce that, based on the opinions of students with different abilities, the inclusion program of the University of Sonora is of low quality.

This research focuses on the conflict between the Federal Constitution and ordinary laws, considering the Consolidation of Labour Laws, the Statute of the Child and Adolescent and the Convention on Minimum Age for Admission to Employment, number 138, from the International Labour Organisation, ratified by Brazil. It is a fact that the practice of authorising child artistic work in Brazil contradicts national laws and international programmes that seek to combat child labour. In view of the conflict of laws and reality that exists in Brazil between the prohibition of child labour and its authorisation for artistic work, and between the movement to combat child labour and the work of child artists, it is necessary to analyse to what extent the work of child artists is beneficial.

I don't think I'm ill-placed to satisfy your curiosity, so begins Plato's Banquet through the mouth of Apollodorus. I don't think I'm up to the task of bringing you new knowledge on secret societies, but as a writer and a young person dedicated to the search for truth, even the most obscure and obscurantist, I believe I'm well placed to contribute to the common destiny of the world and humanity. That's why I agreed to preface this book at the request of my Senegalese colleague and writer Al Amine dit Lamine Diouf. They are occult and reserved for the initiated. But what about all these secret and obscure organizations? The author says in his text, and I quote: "There are times when light must be shed on the shadowy areas that lurk in the meanders of our collective history.