La presente etude a pour objet essentiel les polemiques et accusations a caractere politique, dont Louis-Ferdinand Celine a fait et continue de faire l'objet. D'ou l'interrogation sur les causes de la fuite en Allemagne de l'ecrivain ainsi que sur sa relation avec les Allemands a l'epoque de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. C'est pourquoi, dans un premier temps l'accent est mis sur le contexte de l'epoque, afin de mieux percevoir la nature de la position de Celine a travers ses ecrits et pamphlets d'un antisemitisme virulent. Le livre evoque ensuite de facon detaillee les differentes etapes de l'exil de Celine, d'abord dans l'Allemagne embrasee de la fin de la guerre, ou il choisit de se refugier le 17 juin 1944, puis au Danemark (1945-1951), d'ou il devra repondre aux accusations de trahison formulees contre lui par la justice francaise, avant son retour en France et une rehabilitation tardive. Les ecrits qui forment le corpus de l'etude portent l'empreinte profonde de l'experience amere et cruelle de l'exil. Malgre un cheminement tortueux, qui lui confere une aura d'ecrivain maudit Celine demeure, aujourd'hui, l'un des genies de la litterature francaise du XXeme siecle.
The book presents academic education in European countries and USA and special requirements, education and professional exams giving the right to perform legal professions. Each part is a guide through internal regulations leading to legal professions. The reader can see the differences and similarities in the European systems of presented countries.
With the purpose of making the process of legal translation accessible to investigation, the author resorts to the parametrization of translational reality as an inalienable component of her translational theory being proposed here for consideration. The aim is to propose a more precise theory of legilinguistic translation which compels the author to clearly distinguish primitive terms and postulates. These latter specify the image (model) of the reality in question in terms of relevant dimensions used to characterize a set of translational objects and relations. The dimensions secure a systematic examination of the translation reality and process. In order to illustrate the practical application of the parametrization in legal translation, the discussion concerning this translation approach is limited to certain selected types of legal communicative communities which is amply exemplified. The research is based on data and information gathered during an in-depth case study of translations and parallel text corpora mainly in the field of civil law including insolvency and bankruptcy law.
This book comprises a range of general discussions on tradition and innovation in the methodology used in discourse studies (Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis, Argumentation Theory, Rhetoric, Philosophy) and a number of empirical applications of such methodologies in the analysis of actual instances of language use in the public sphere.
This volume investigates the changes undergone by written communication in our globalized world as English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). The latter usually functions as a language for communication purposes, but also becomes a language for identification purposes. The study takes into account different web-genres: from the replication of existing genres in other media to cybergenres, whose key evolutionary force is the progressive exploitation of the new functionalities afforded by the new medium. The variety of the contexts of use has made it possible to consider different ELF-using communities of practice, whose members adopt ELF and adapt it to express individual, national and professional identities in international interactions. The analysis focuses on lexicogrammatical innovations, which inevitably change in accordance with the different contexts of use, as well as on the communicative strategies underpinning these changes.
Academic standards in higher education depend on the judgements of individual academics assessing student work; it is in these micro-level practices that the validity and fairness of assessment is constituted. However, the quality of assessments of open-ended tasks like the coursework essay is difficult to ascertain because of the complex and subjective nature of the judgements involved. In view of current concerns about assessment quality and standards, this book is a timely reflection on the practices of academic judgement at university. It explores assessment quality through an empirical study of essay marking in an undergraduate discipline where large class sizes and significant numbers of second language students are common. The study shows that assessors vary in their interpretations of criteria and standards and that this results in inconsistent grading of essays. The book contributes to a growing scholarship of assessment with an evidence-based explanation of why assessors disagree and a discussion of the implications of this for the validity of assessment practices at university.
A collection of papers using samples of real language data (corpora) to explore variation in the use of English. It celebrates the achievements of Toshio Saito, a pioneer in corpus linguistics within Japan and founder of the Japan Association for English Corpus Studies (JAECS).
Since the beginning of the 21st century, doctoral education has gained an increasingly important place on the reform agenda of higher education institutions and also at national and European policy levels. By paying particular attention to the characteristics and role of recently emerged Doctoral and Research Schools, this book examines on a broad empirical basis what this reform consists of in two small but scientifically and economically successful countries - Switzerland and Norway. This reform also raises the question to what extent power shifts take place regarding the doctoral process. Thus, does the Thesis director lose his or her power at the expense of other actors? Observed shifts are characterised through components of varying Public Management Narratives. In order to consider existing variety, case studies have been chosen on the basis of four variables - type of national political system, size and type of higher education institution and type of scientific discipline. This methodological framework allows not only illustrating variation in the reform process and its causes but also the development of a new University Governance Scheme.
The central focus of this book is the translation of filmic products into European and Oriental languages, gathering together reflections on English, French, Spanish, German, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Chinese and Japanese, analysed also in their relation to Italian. Audiovisual language is investigated both on a theoretical and didactic level.
In a careful study of the writings of Karl Rahner and John Macmurray, this book presents a renewed understanding of the theological notion of the human person. This understanding of person is developed by examining the relational depths of Karl Rahner's theological anthropology in conversation with John Macmurray's understanding of agency found in his work on persons-in-relationship What makes this dialogue enriching and striking is that both thinkers arrive at a corresponding notion of person from very different starting points: Rahner commences his reflections as a theologian focusing on the mystery of God at the heart of his study of person. Macmurray on the other hand begins with the human person and ultimately arrives at a philosophical notion of God as personal agent.
In this study, the author shows that, under the influence of the popular geography of the eighteenth century, an increasing number of literary works began to make use of actual topographical data. Two of these works even make use of maps. He demonstrates that the kinship between geographical and literary representations of topography went further: they underwent parallel developments. His analyses of the different types of geographical representations of space that appeared in the course of the century allow him to explore the worldviews they embody, the new and often conflicting attitudes to space that they reveal, and the connections these representations have with the evolution of the contemporary notions of motion and mobility. The author underlines the role these topographical representations played in the nascent realism of the novel and the new life they breathed into poetry. His study is also a contribution to the discussion of the important changes that occurred in the way people thought about and lived space, many of which announce our time.
This book reveals the critical role of architecture in conveying values at Holocaust museums. The architectural analysis of sixteen museums including the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Yad Vashem, and the Jewish Museum Berlin, unfolds the social, cultural and political agendas that construct our collective memories of the Holocaust.
What is the relationship between discourse analysis and its more recent companion disciplines of sociology, political science and information and communication sciences? What is the place and role of discourse analysis in Europe? This book aims not to present another view of discourse analysis, but to encourage debate on interdisciplinary practices.
This book explores the techniques and discursive strategies that are typical of the communicative interactions between professionals and laymen in a jury trial. It also investigates the complex relationship that emerges between written and oral communication in different phases of the trial. The analysis takes into account the many nuances that define these dynamics and the various possibilities that the jurors have to intervene in the process, particularly in the light of recent procedural developments. Special attention is devoted to the observation of the specific strategies adopted to illustrate legal ideas and concepts to the jurors according to the speakers' various communicative purposes. By adopting a discourse analytical perspective which combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches, the book highlights the hybridity of the language used in court and the combination of different styles and registers.
Contains a selection of papers presented at an international meeting on the works of Kelemen Mikes which was held in Budapest in October 2011.
Presents the research of an international group of scholars, engaged in the analysis of academic discourse from a genre-oriented perspective. This title provides examples of the complexity and flexibility of genres, which have shown to be subject to a continuous tension between stability and change as well as between convention and innovation.
The topic of spirituality and health is well established in science and society in the USA and is becoming increasingly significant in Europe as well. Conferences, university chairs and spiritual treatment methods are evidence of this development. This title deals with this topic.
At the 25th International Colloquium of the Corpus Vitrearum, which took place in one of the greatest of all museums, The Hermitage in St Petersburg, the researchers of many countries discussed stained glass collections. This title offers conference transactions that aims to reawaken interest in ancient stained glass from the eighteenth century.
What is the state of democracy in the region? Are the countries of the Western Balkans stuck somewhere between authoritarianism and genuine democracy? What are the remaining obstacles to state building? What effect has the crisis had on young people in the Western Balkans? This title deals with these questions.
Are preventive mechanisms necessary? Is soft law more effective than hard law? Is there a contradiction between the right of people to self determination and territorial integrity? Who is bound by human rights in armed conflicts? Do human rights play a role in criminal law? This book deals with these topics.
How does our everyday experience as a human being relate with scientific knowledge and moral conduct? What kind of mutual relationship lies between human experience, reason and faith? This book gathers results of a joint philosophical research which puts human experience in question from the diverse perspectives of a selected group of scholars.
The short story as an autonomous genre has called the attention of both writers and literary critics with theoretical concerns over the last two centuries. In this book, the essays deal with short stories belonging to various literatures in English (and not only), and focus on time, which is looked at from different angles.
In China, a widespread learning practice for foreign languages are reading, reciting and memorising texts. This book investigates this practice against a background of Confucian heritage learning and western attitudes towards memorising, particularly audio-lingual approaches to language teaching and later largely negative attitudes. The author conceptually examines a number of issues central to the understanding of the practice of text memorisation in the Chinese educational context. Furthermore, there is an empirical inquiry into Chinese learners/teachers' practices and perceptions of the inclusion of text memorisation in foreign language learning and teaching. Drawing on heuristics yielded by both theoretical and empirical findings, this study promotes a 'different-rather-than-deficit' perspective in understanding Chinese learners and their learning practice by way of challenging the uncritical assumptions about the negative impact of a Confucian philosophy of education. More importantly, the topic and theme discussed in this book are timely and relevant to some long and widely debated issues in foreign language teaching and learning within China and internationally.
Explains how and why grammatical gender disappeared from English through a detailed analysis of unhistorical gender assignment within the noun phrase in "Layamon's Brut".
Anthropologies, interculturalite et enseignement-apprentissage des langues Anthropology, Interculturality and Language Learning-Teaching
This book paints a picture of poor older people's life-worlds in Beijing, China. Instead of viewing them as pitiful recipients of vulnerabilities and deprivations, this book sheds light on how poor older people exert their active agency to live through their life difficulties - i.e. how they negotiate resources within and outside of family to pursue the kind of lives they have reason to value. Based on a prolonged period of ethnographic fieldwork in Beijing, the researcher highlights the experiences, perspectives, and strategies of these people developed in the context of their economic hardships against the background of massive social reform and demographic ageing in China.
Masculinity is one of the key issues at stake in contemporary writing and gender studies. In their novels, Michael Chabon and Tom Wolfe both consistently make masculinity a prominent thematic and ideological concern. This study is the first full length scholarly work to take their work and their treatment of masculinity as its focus. How do these American authors critique the representation of masculinity within popular culture in Wonder Boys, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay and Summerland, A Man in Full and The Bonfire of the Vanities? How do popular images of masculinity function for individual men and the way they experience their masculinities? A Dangerous Fiction investigates the ways in which Chabon and Wolfe strip masculinity of any illusion of an essential nature and expose it as something highly culturally dependent and explains how these novels suggest to understand masculinity in the contemporary world.
Challenging Heterosexism from the Other Point of View
The constitutionalisation of the European Union has been a major goal of European politics from the late 1980s onwards. This book focuses on fundamental rights protection, the implementation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, and legal conflicts between the European Court of Justice and national constitutional courts.
By mapping the contour of Thornton Wilder's major plays and novels, this book offers a fresh reading of his deceptively unfashionable art of allegorical narrative, and aims to reaffirm Malcolm Cowley's perspicacious judgment: Wilder is) one of the toughest and most complicated minds in contemporary America. After a review of the history and scholarship of allegory, the author chronologically traces Wilder's extensive, complex and resilient engagement with allegory, a genre employed not only for literary manifestation but for philosophical inquiry. Moving expertly from Wilder's early religious playlets through his Pulitzerwinning fictions and plays to his largely obscure late writings, this study reveals that allegory and Wilder studies are two mutually illuminating topics. What distinguishes Wilder from other modern allegorists is not only his self-reflexive shuttling between the novel and the drama, but his tenacious persistence on pressing for the sublime universality of our mundane experiences in a postsacral world. Overturning the common characterization of Wilder as a preachy voice of Puritan religiosity, this book argues for the centrality of ambiguity that produces nuanced meanings in Wilder's allegorical narratives.
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