Bücher veröffentlicht von RAND

The primary focus of this report is understanding how to evaluate the equitable use of algorithms across a range of specific applications. The report outlines concepts of equity from philosophical, legal, and technical standpoints to draw insights that apply across algorithmic decisionmaking contexts for several domains, including auto insurance, recruiting, and criminal justice.

To assist the U.S. Marine Corps in evaluating its sexual assault prevention programs, the authors of this report identify and develop measures of performance and measures of effectiveness with which to assess the programs. The research team created a logic model framework to guide evaluations and mapped program goals to measures that assess the degree to which each outcome has been achieved.

At the request of U.S. Marine Corps Forces Europe and Africa, RAND researchers facilitated three wargaming events exploring how to leverage and enhance the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)'s existing amphibious capacity by organizing extant national forces into a coherent multibrigade command and control (C2) structure. The authors note results of these events and implications for future force development.

RAND researchers assessed gaps in business acumen and knowledge of industry present within the U.S. defense acquisition workforce. They identified apparent knowledge gaps, possible reasons for their existence, and potential approaches to closing them. The report also addresses the role of industry and external educators in helping to close the gaps and includes recommendations to improve how these knowledge gaps are assessed and mitigated.

In order to defend itself and its national interests, and to maintain the trust of allies as a reliable security guarantor, the United States must match its national security policies with the resources available to support them. This report discusses the specific gaps between the stated strategic and defense policies of the United States and the resources and capabilities that would be required to implement those policies successfully.

This report presents a quantitative assessment of how the presentation of news has changed over the past 30 years and how it varies across platforms. Over time, and as society moved from "old" to "new" media, news content has generally shifted from more-objective event- and context-based reporting to reporting that is more subjective, relies more heavily on argumentation and advocacy, and includes more emotional appeals.

With the numbers of service members requiring rehabilitation following combat-related amputation decreasing since 2011, provider skills to treat and rehabilitate amputee patients will atrophy if active steps are not taken to mitigate against skill erosion. The authors identify core competencies in which skills should be maintained and improved so that the military medical community is prepared for future conflict and increased patient volume.

This report offers suggestions for updating DD Form 214, which is used to characterize separating servicemembers' service, military history and the reasons for separation, for electronic delivery. While DD Form 214 is well-established and remains the definitive document to verify veteran status, transferring it to a fully electronic document will take substantial effort.

The U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD's) Language Training Center Program leverages the expertise and infrastructure of institutions of higher education to train DoD personnel in language, culture, and regional area studies. Evaluating the program in its eighth year, RAND researchers found that it is fulfilling its mandate and identified ways to strengthen it.

Researchers identify the effects of the Main Command Post-Operational Detachment on division headquarters (HQ) readiness. The authors reviewed Army history, doctrine, and documents to assess HQ deployment; interviewed participants in multicomponent HQs; analyzed how staffs prepare combined forces for employment as a single HQ; and developed a model to illustrate when a division HQ will experience increased risk as it tries to meet requirements.

The Australian Department of Home Affairs and the Australian Border Force are seeking to establish an auditable, transparent and evidence-based approach to capability lifecycle management. In this report, RAND researchers review domestic and international practices for capability development, define principles for the establishment and implementation of such an approach, propose a detailed framework and identify potential governance models.

This toolkit acts as a guide to improvement strategies for teams of practitioners at colleges, providing them with the knowledge and tools they need to carry out rapid cycles of data-driven improvement to address issues they face on the ground. The focus of the toolkit is on improving corequisite remediation, an initiative being rolled out in colleges across the United States.

This report describes the detailed algorithms contained within the tanKer Air Refueling Model for Analysis (KARMA) and explains how to run the model. KARMA enables an analyst to simulate the extent to which a tanker force can aerially refuel combat aircraft in a denied environment.

Cyberspace capabilities are critical to national security. However, with a shortage of cyber personnel nationwide and high salaries commanded by some, the Air Force is concerned it may face recruiting and retention challenges within its cyberspace operations officer workforce. To understand potential drivers of attraction to and retention in the career field, researchers conducted interviews with the Air Force's cyberspace operations officer workforce. Recommendations are discussed.

To help the U.S. Army and U.S. Department of Defense retain institutional knowledge and capabilities and fully prepare leaders for future conflicts, RAND researchers recount the Army's efforts in the Iraq War, especially in Baghdad, and offer lessons learned and recommendations.

Policies for educating and managing joint officers are periodically modified to reflect operational considerations and to provide enhancements and greater flexibilities. This report assesses the production of joint qualified officers by examining trends in achieving educational requirements and accomplishing joint assignments. The trends serve as a baseline allowing policymakers to evaluate impact of both current and future policy changes.

California Senate Bill 1953 requires structural and nonstructural upgrades to hospital buildings to enhance resilience to seismic events. This report estimates the costs to hospitals of compliance, focusing on the 2030 deadline. The potential costs have raised significant concerns regarding the financial burden on hospital systems and the opportunity costs associated with hospitals investing large pools of capital to implement seismic upgrades.

Due to increasing air and missile threats to air bases, the Air Force is developing concepts to operate from several small operating locations in a conflict with a near-peer competitor. The authors identify capabilities the Air Force needs to carry out distributed operations in a contested environment. They then assess whether the current force presentation model can provide these capabilities and compare it with alternative models.

Through its Principal Pipeline Initiative (PPI), The Wallace Foundation provided funding and technical assistance to support six large school districts in their efforts to put in place systematic processes for the strategic management of school leaders. This report describes the implementation of the PPI and its effects on student achievement, other school outcomes, and principal retention.

This report provides an inventory of U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) analytic capabilities in the including current capabilities in use for decisionmaking, as DHS establishes an Analytic Agenda. It details the inventory approach and enumerates the analytic capabilities of each business process owner providing a benchmark for evaluating the analytic maturity of such processes and a strategic direction to improve data collection.

As countries around the world develop countering violent extremism (CVE) programs to prevent homegrown terrorism, there is a dearth of understanding about what types of CVE programs exist and which CVE approaches are most effective. This report documents an effort to help CVE program directors and policymakers place their efforts in context and identify promising approaches internationally.

This report examines how well the processes and timeline for generating ready forces from the Army reserve component (RC) units align with a need for rapid deployment to a future major conflict overseas. The report focuses on how the dynamics of the mobilization process for Army RC units can, or should, affect decisionmaking about force mix, as well as how policy and resourcing decisions can either enhance or inhibit mobilization.

After more than ten years of war, there have been no studies that assess the relative capabilities of Regular Army and reserve component units of the same type. This study assesses the importance of component status relative to a number of potential determinants of operational effectiveness, including but not limited to unit type, training level, experience in country, and associated costs and risk using stated-preference choice experiments.

Since 2008 Russia's military forces have improved, enabling Russian military operations in Crimea, eastern Ukraine, and Syria. Researchers analyze the societal, political, economic, and demographic factors that undergird Russian military power. Based on these factors, they analyze how Russian ground combat capabilities will evolve. The challenge for the U.S. military will be to compete in different regions without provoking escalation.

This analysis of the new Blended Retirement System (BRS) finds that it can sustain U.S. Army Reserve participation relative to the legacy system if continuation pay (CP) is set at optimized levels. The analysis also predicts CP cost and the percentage of reservists opting in to the BRS. CP levels affect the likelihood that currently serving members elect the BRS, thereby affecting the time pattern of cost to the Army.

Since the early 2000s, relations between China and Israel have expanded in terms of trade, investment, and educational partnerships. China is interested in advanced technology and Israel's strategic location, while Israel seeks to expand ties with the world's fastest growing major economy and diversify its export markets. In this report, RAND researchers discuss the relationship and the challenges it poses for Israel and for the United States.

Unlawful migrants from Central America apprehended at the U.S.-Mexico border each year often hire smugglers for assistance or pay others for rights of way during their journey north. The authors of this report examine what is known or knowable about the structure, operations, and financing of actors that engage in human smuggling along routes from Central America to the United States and develop a preliminary estimate of associated revenue.

As the U.S. National Defense Strategy recognizes, the United States is currently locked in a great-power competition with Russia. This report seeks to define areas where the United States can compete to its own advantage. It examines Russian vulnerabilities and anxieties; analyzes potential policy options to exploit them; and assesses the associated benefits, costs, and risks, as well as the likelihood of successful implementation.

The 2018 National Defense Authorization Act called for two reports on policies for regular and reserve officer career management that give perspectives on the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act and the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act. The authors of the present report summarize the perspectives of the military departments on the issues in those two reports and provide information to inform potential policy changes.