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Leadership is a critical element in many spheres of human societies. Although scholarshold divergent views on the definition of leadership, most concur on the need for leaders to bringabout positive changes in societies. According to Nohria and Khurana (2010), leadership refersto "a certain quality of an individual personality" that sets a person a part from others (p. 8).From a behaviorist perspective, Northouse (2007) defines leadership as "a process whereby anindividual influences a group of people to achieve a common goal" (p. 3). Scholars (Brinia,2011; Gunbayani, 2005) concur that leadership is a position of influence that allows a person tomotivate, inspire, and to set direction for the purpose of achieving certain goals. Leadershipoperates under three dimensions that include: context, vision, and action (Levitt, 2010).Considering varying definitions of leadership, Bass (1997) and Fiedler (1993) suggest themeaning of leadership be defined and understood within specific situations or contexts.

This study examined how engaging with female peers on social media affects young women's body image and self-esteem. Participants were 90 female undergraduate students. Fifty participants left comments on photos of one of their own subjectively more attractive acquaintances and interacted with her social media profiles for 10 minutes. The other 40 participants completed the same procedure with a family member they did not consider more attractive than themselves. Women who had engaged with attractive acquaintances had lower state self-esteem and body image than those who had engaged with family members on social media. Self-evaluative salience of appearance investment, drive for thinness, and downward (but not upward) physical appearance tendencies moderated various relationships between condition and self-esteem and body image. The findings reveal active social media engagement is causally related to eating disorder risk factors in young women, and young women with certain traits are more susceptible to such effects.