Bücher veröffentlicht von Routledge

The use of human subjects in biomedical research has increased rapidly with scientific discoveries. However, the failure to achieve the highest - or even adequate - standards of professional moral concern and behavior is a serious side effect. Research on Human Subjects is based on four years of intensive research in which two studies were completed - one on a nationally representative sample of biomedical research institutions, the second on a sample of 350 researchers who actually used human subjects. The authors explore prevalent ethical norms, the actual ethical behavior of scientists, and the dilemma between the values of humane therapy and scientific discovery. They document the inadequate training that biomedical researchers receive in the ethics of research on human subjects, not only in medical schools but in post-graduate training as well. This landmark work makes very specific suggestions for policy change and reform for the biomedical research profession and its employment of human subjects.

Writing Empirical Research Reports: A Basic Guide for Students of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Ninth Edition, offers clear and practical guidance on how to write research proposals, reports, theses, and dissertations.The book describes the types of information that should be included, how this information should be expressed, and where various types of information should be placed within a research report. The organization is designed to walk students through all the elements required when writing an original research report for a class, for a thesis/dissertation, or for publication. Most guidelines are illustrated with examples from actual (and recent) research reports published in peer-reviewed journals across the social and behavioral sciences. The new edition includes fully updated examples and chapter exercises, expanded material on qualitative methods, significant new material on research ethics, and new content on online research including social media.Accompanied by online resources for students and instructors, Writing Empirical Research Reports is ideal for use in research methods courses, thesis/dissertation preparation courses, research seminars where writing a research report is a culminating activity, and any graduate-level seminar in which the instructor covers the vital components necessary to prepare a research manuscript for submission for publication.

How would Socrates and Plato react to a modern world where secularism and religious fundamentalism are growing while the gap between the human mind and animal mind is narrowing? Using some creative license mixed with real history, science, and philosophy, Seeking Perfection addresses that question. Matt J. Rossano uses a narrative/dialogue format to superimpose on modern times ancient Greece's two most eminent philosophers, along with its government and culture.The story begins with Plato's daring escape from Sicily, where he tutored Dionysius II in philosophy. On board his homebound ship, Plato recounts his experiences in Sicily. In this narrative, the intellectual difference between practical rewards and the pursuit of ideals provides the basis for a series of dialogue on science, secularism, religion, and the uniqueness of the human mind.Upon the ship's arrival home, Plato's mentor, Socrates, is arrested and his trial provides the venue for the book's final dialogue. The final dialogue serves as a counterweight to the earlier ones. Rossano begins and ends with a philosopher imprisoned by his views, indicative of one of its main messages: the true philosopher uses a well-disciplined mind and the best knowledge of the day to get as close to the truth as possible. In doing so, he invariably gets into trouble. This imaginatively constructed tale will absorb those interested in what the philosophical masters might say about today's world.

This book attempts to answer the question "what on earth is the Marxist political philosophy?" The author discusses Karl Marx's vision of the good life and the good society, focusing in particular on the interrelationship between property and justice.

This book focuses on women's important contribution to Sufism by analyzing the lives and seminal contributions of six mystic Sufi women to Islamic spirituality.To help reverse the sidelining of Sufi women in the recorded academic literature, the author has selected a representative sample of figures from diverse Islamic dynasties with varying backgrounds, social status, and devotional contributions. Taking a historical approach attentive to specific political contexts, readers will be introduced to the contributions of Umm Ali al-Balkhī and Fātima of Nishāpūr in the ninth-century Khurāsān, Aisha al-Mannūbiyya of the Hafsid dynasty in Ifrīqya, Aisha al-Bā'ūnīyya of the Mamlūk dynasties of Egypt and Syria, the Mughal princess Jahan Ara Begum, and the daughter of the Caliph of Sokoto, Nana Asma'u. It is argued that these ascetic and Sufi women were recognized by their male and female peers, became political leaders in their communities, and were honored as examples of sanctity and erudition. Their works influenced mystical discourse, hagiographical writings, religious language, and models of religious authority to secure legacies of Islamic orthopraxis.The book will appeal to anyone interested in Sufism and Sufi history, as well as to those wishing to delve into the understudied topic of Muslim women's spirituality.

Despite notable socio-economic development in the Arab region, a deficit in democracy and political rights has continued to prevail. This book examines the major reasons underlying the persistence of this democracy deficit over the past decades and touches on the prospects for deepening the process of democratization in the Arab World.Contributions from major scholars in the region give a cross country analysis of economic development, political institutions and social factors, and the impact of oil wealth and regional wars, and present a model for democracy in the Arab world. Case studies are drawn from Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Sudan and the Gulf region, building on these cross-country analyses and probing beyond the model's main global variables. Looking beyond the effect of oil and conflicts, the chapters illustrate how specific socio-political history of the country concerned, fear of fundamentalist groups, collusion with foreign powers and foreign interventions, and the co-option of the elites by the state contribute to these problems of democratization.Situating the democratic position of the Arab World in a global context, this book is an important contribution to the field of Middle Eastern politics, development studies, and studies on conflict and democracy.

This book provides a comprehensive account of how non-state actors rely on international criminal law as a tool in the service of progressive political causes.

This book emphasises the need to empower marginalised communities to contribute to decision-making processes within policy realms.

In this book, Dr. Tsuneyoshi observes the educational approach of two nations, one most often cited as being the home of rugged individualism, and the champion of the free market, the other more often cited as being the most groupist amongst the industrialized societies, known for strong central guidance. He argues that American approach individualizes assistance, is competitive, focuses on the child's cognitive sphere, differentiates its faculty, and each faculty deals with the child in a specialized sphere. Meanwhile, the Japanese approach stresses the whole child, places children and faculty in close proximity with each other for extended periods of time in a cooperative framework, levels of self-containment are higher, collective goals, tasks, and reward structures are extensively organized, and the school provides the same treatment for all. Yet, despite such differences, Dr. Tsuneyoshi points out that we can notice many parallels, both in the contexts of education, and in the direction in which the two societies are headed. Dr. Tsuneyoshi brings to light both similarities and differences, asking and attempting to answer the difficult question all educators are asking: What do we need to teach children for the 21st century?

Originally published in 1957, this book was a new departure in autobiographies. It is both enlightening and entertaining. There is a happy blending of narrative, reflection and occasional extracts from case histories which gives it a delightfully human character. But it is more than this. It is a story of the profound inward adventure of an exceptionally inquiring mind. From childhood to professional maturity it proceeds through economic difficulties, love and tribulation to science and general medical practice.It tells how Dr Berg became so convinced of the psychogenesis of human suffering that, with great courage, he gave up his practice and personal security to search for the causes in mental conflict. The story proceeds through specialisation in psychiatry to analytical training and analytic practice, building up in the later chapters to a description of the troubled mind in all its manifestations, and of the medical analyst's daily work.There is a new explanation of the psychology of love with the inclusion of personal as well as professional experiences. Here, as throughout, conclusions have an astonishing difference from orthodox or familiar speculation, and this is because they are based strictly on knowledge, professional and personal. The style is natural, lively and lucid. Here is an opportunity to combine learning with entertainment for Dr Berg has an extraordinary flair for presenting difficult things attractively, without sacrifice of scientific essentials.This book is a re-issue originally published in 1957. The language used is a reflection of its era and no offence is meant by the Publishers to any reader by this re-publication.

Learners of all levels receive a plethora of feedback messages on a daily - or even hourly - basis. Teachers, coaches, parents, peers - all have suggestions and advice on how to improve or sustain a certain level of performance. This volume offers insights into the complexity of students' engagement with feedback, the diversity of teachers' feedback practices, and the influence of personal assessment beliefs in tension with prevailing contexts. It focuses on two main sections: What is students' engagement with feedback? And what is the variety of student feedback practices? Under these themes the content covers a broad range of key topics pertaining to instructional feedback, how it operates in a classroom and how students engage with feedback. Unarguably, feedback is a key element of successful instructional practices - however we also know that (a) learners often dread it and dismiss it and (b) the effectiveness of feedback varies depending on teacher and student's characteristics, specific characteristic of feedback messages that learners receive, as well as a number of contextual variables. What this volume articulates are new ways for learners to engage with feedback beyond recipience and uptake. With nuanced insights for research and practice, this book will be most useful to teachers, university teacher educators and researchers working to design and enact new ways of engaging with feedback in schools and beyond.

Unraveling: An Autoethnography of Suicide and Renewal, is an autoethnographic story that explores the intricate relationship among trauma, marginality, and mental health. It follows Mike Alvarez, a precocious gay teenager from an immigrant Filipino family who loses his grip on reality as he succumbs to so-called mental illness. Divided into two parts, the first half of the book uses evocative storytelling and in-the-moment narration to capture the slow descent into anxiety, paranoia, depression, and suicidality, as experienced by the author during young adulthood. The second half of the book critically reflects upon the story through a series of analytic chapters. In these chapters, the author considers the role of narrative in cultivating empathy for the mentally ill, the psychiatric-industrial complex's obstruction of that empathy, and the moral dilemmas autoethnographers face when writing about self, other, and the social world. This book will be suitable for scholars in the social sciences, communication studies, and healthcare who study and use autoethnography in their research. It will also be of value to those interested in firsthand accounts of madness, as told by members of marginalized communities.

Singapore's existence and success derive in part from its achievements in the domestic political arena and in part from the skilful management of a well-defined foreign policy with clearly identifiable goals and issues. A visible core of realist self-reliance is layered with the demands of a competitive trading state that requires a liberal international trading regime. Hence, both competitive and cooperative philosophies support Singapore's foreign policy.This text charts the philosophical underpinning of Singapore's foreign policy output and the institutions responsible for it and examines the importance of economic and defence diplomacy that are central to Singapore's foreign policy output. It gives particular attention to the two most important regional bilateral relationships -- with Indonesia and Malaysia -- and how relations with its adjacent neighbours have influenced Singapore's foreign policy. Combining first-hand research with excellent analysis, this volume provides a much-needed report on the survival of a small state in the globalizing world.

Over the last decade, the failure of countries to emerge from conflict and the rise of 'failed states' has focused attention on state security sectors. External actors involved in 'protectorates' such as Kosovo and East Timor and peace agreements such as Cambodia, El Salvador or Bosnia have come face to face with the problems exposed by factionalised, wrong-sized, dictatorial and non-professional security sectors. Consequently, international institutions, the UN or World Bank, for example, and individual government ministries in countries such as the UK, USA and Germany have been increasingly concerned with promoting security sector reform (SSR).This paper argues, however, that while there is much discussion about capabilities for SSR and its technical requirements, there has been insufficient analysis of how to mobilise such resources. Three central questions, therefore, are examined: how have the external approaches to SSR evolved and what do they entail; what specific problems does the SSR agenda face operationally; and what concrete policy recommendations for engagment can be drawn from reform experiences to date.

In a turbulent environment, companies face disruptive events and must build organisational resilience in order to thrive. This unique book offers new, cutting-edge research on how trust can build and develop resilience. The authors combine theoretical and empirical perspectives on the two issues of trust and organisational resilience in an environment that is difficult to predict. The authors firstly discuss the challenges the turbulent environment poses before exploring the influence of trust and providing practical case studies on topics such as brand trust, dynamic capabilities and business models. Examples are drawn from high-growth enterprises demonstrating first-hand how organisations that develop trust have survived turbulent conditions. This novel book is the first to combine the two disciplines of trust and resilience and will be a valuable reference for researchers and upper level students of strategic management and crisis management in particular.

Philosophy's value and power are greatly diminished when it operates within a too closely confined professional space. Extreme Philosophy: Bold Ideas and a Spirit of Progress serves as an antidote to the increasing narrowness of the field. It offers readers-including students and general readers-twenty internationally acclaimed philosophers who highlight and defend odd, extreme, or 'mad' ideas. The resulting conjectures are often provocative and bold, but always clear and accessible. Ideas discussed in the book, include: - propaganda need not be irrational- science need not be rational- extremism need not be bad- tax evasion need not be immoral- anarchy need not be uninviting- democracy need not remain as it generally is- humans might have immaterial souls- human minds might have all-but-unlimited powers- knowing might be nothing beyond being correct- space and time might not be 'out there' in reality- value might be a foundational part of reality- value might differ in an infinitely repeating reality- reality is One- reality is vagueIn brief, the volume pursues adventures in philosophy. This spirit of philosophical risk-taking and openness to new, 'large' ideas were vital to philosophy's ancient origins, and they may also be fertile ground today for philosophical progress.

From its origins in the University of Birmingham's then Institute of Education in 1948, Educational Review has emerged as a leading international journal for generic educational research. Seventy-five years on, Mapping the Field presents a detailed account of education theory and research, policy, and practice through the lens of key articles published in the journal over this timespan.Volume II opens with Part I, a collection of articles examining teachers' job (dis/) satisfaction and stress, and the gendered composition of the teaching workforce. Articles in Part II trace a shift in academic focus from schools seen as families/communities, to the parent-school relationship. The concepts of inclusion and equality--and strategies for their fulfilment in education--are interrogated in Part III. The volume concludes with Part IV, in which diverse identities in the education field are represented.Curated and introduced by the editors, the articles included in both volumes of Mapping the Field represent a careful selection from the work of scholars whose ideas have been, and continue to be, influential in the field of education. Overall, this major text covers a wide range of topics and offers original insights into educational policy, provision, processes, and practice from around the world.

Doctors and Rules is a unique and immensely scholarly book. It draws on material which has informed our civilization, including many of the social sciences-history, sociology, and psychology, as well as law. The author accesses the current importance of the Hippocratic tradition within medicine, and puts forward various models of its practice. He seeks to expose the often inarticulated foundation of contemporary debates about the law, medicine, and health, and to question some common assumptions of the functionsand structures of social and legal order. The book challenges the idea that legal rules should be respected merely because they exist and because they play a part in centralizing the organization of society. It rejects the notion that the courts always, or even often, offer useful mechanisms for defining and settling disputes. On the contrary, the author sees in their formalism many things which hinder the common cause of humanity. Only a skeptic trained in law but also deeply concerned by our fate and circumstances could have produced it. It also contributes both to the sociology of law and the sociology of medicine. Out of a reassertion of old ways, this book presents a new blueprint for future professional conduct. It is rich in questions and ideas for researchers, teachers, and professionals in the fields of law, medical sociology, and medicine and generally for those concerned with the place of professional conduct.

Originally published in 1968, these ten essays by one of Europe's leading sociological theorists deal with important issues on the borderline between sociology and social philosophy and demonstrate the author's deep insight into history and political analysis.

This book explores Aristotelian and Confucian wisdom traditions to understand education and what counts as a good teacher in an embodied dialogic approach. The book creates a dialogue between ancient ideas and the author's lived experiences as a teacher in cross-cultural landscapes today to ruminate on the important themes of educational purpose, teacher excellence, teacher-student relationships, and teaching skill. It asks fundamental educational questions including "Why Do We Educate? Eudaimonia and Dao"; "What Do We Educate? Phronesis, Philia and Ren"; and "How Do We Educate? Techne and Liuyi". Moving beyond the dominant epistemological concerns such as how to teach more effectively to help students gain better marks in schools, it constitutes an ethical inquiry that illuminates the values, purposes, concerns, and hopes that animate genuinely educational work. Using a comparative approach to wisdom traditions from both the East and the West, it addresses parochialism and challenges Eurocentric research paradigms. Embedded in the messy ground of teaching in intergenerational and cross-cultural narratives, the author's own experiences as a student/teacher/daughter of a teacher/mother of a student crucially unpacks and concretizes ancient concepts and reactivates them in concrete situations. A sense of a whole without completeness, a conception of the good without closure, and an aspiration without achievement continue to haunt the search for an ultimate answer to the question "what counts as a good teacher?". It will appeal to scholars, teachers, and teacher educators with an interest in narrative inquiry and educational research, as well as those in the field of curriculum studies and the philosophy of education.

This edited volume offers a new look at community and heritage languages schools around the world, providing a comprehensive and nuanced portrait of language education and cultural understanding in and beyond school contexts. Covering research and practice, the contributors survey the global landscape of community and heritage language schools and explore new developments in the field to understand the challenges the schools face and discuss the impact they have on their students and surrounding communities. Chapters address key topics including language development, academic achievement, professional development, learner identity and agency, online learning, and teaching disruptions. Contributors highlight learners' voices throughout, with special attention to overlooked minority language communities and Indigenous voices.Through this wealth of thorough and insightful analysis, the contributors of this book position students of community/heritage languages schools as citizens of a plurilingual world who are central to global change. Abounding with original research, innovative ideas and cutting-edge teaching practices, this volume is ideal for courses on multilingualism and language and culture.

Psychology's recent immersion in risk research has introduced a new variant in which the focus is not solely on disease, but also on the effects and consequences produced by the multiple aspects of risk on individual adaptation. Variations in such patterns of adaptation signal the entrance of protective factors as an added element to the clinical and research focus in the prediction of positive versus negative outcomes under the duress of stressful experiences. Given psychology's investment in the entire range of human adaptation--embracing severe disorder at one extreme and strong positive adaptations at the other--it is not surprising to find this new element of compensatory protective factors as a reshaping factor in the field of risk research. It is one that recognizes and studies the relevance of risk influences on disorder, but also focuses on recovery from disorder or the absence of disorder despite the presence of risk. This latter element implicates the notion of "resilience." It is this opening of the field of risk research that seems to bear the heavy and welcome imprint of psychology. Fundamental to the study of protective factors in development, however, is a broad knowledge base focused on risk factors that often contain the healthy development of infants and children. This volume reflects a continuation of the concerns of the Institute of Child Development with the nature and content of development in multiple contexts. It comes at a most welcome point since the Institute--in collaboration with the University of Minnesota's Department of Psychology--now participates in a jointly shared graduate training program in clinical psychology which stimulates and supports the growth of a newly emergent developmental psychopathology. For this field to advance will require a broad perspective and acceptance of the significance of the diversity of risk factors that extends throughout the life span and results in developmental trajectories that implicate various biological, psychological, and sociocultural risk elements.

Small businesses are the backbone of the tourism and hospitality industry and, depending on which statistics one uses, represent somewhere between 75 to 95 percent of all firms globally in this sector. The number of entrepreneurs has dramatically and uniformly increased globally over the last ten years. Divided into four sections, Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management in the Hospitality Industry takes an intuitive step-bystep progression through each stage of the entrepreneurial process: context, theoretical perspectives and definitions; Concept to reality; The business plan; Growth and the future. Ideal for students at any level, the chapters of this book invite you to ponder upon your reading through a series of 'reflective practice' activities. These, along with case studies, clearly defined chapter objectives, reflections, role-play activities and experiential exercises, allow you to both think actively about themes, concepts and issues and then apply them to a number of suggested scenarios. Perfect preparation for the up-and-coming entrepreneur!

This book provides a foundation of the methodology of research scholarship in Islāmic studies, psychology and psychotherapy, offering an understanding of the concepts and techniques of Islāmic research methodology integrated with qualitative and quantitative research.Integrating Islāmic moral and epistemological values into research methodologies, the text synthesises research methodologies and approaches (empirical, rational) with Islāmic research scholarship. Chapters include a range of topics including research ethics from an Islamic perspective, systematic methodology of research in Islamic studies and social sciences and inductive and deductive approaches. Other questions covered include how to integrate the Qur'ân and Hadith (rules, concepts and statements) with psychological phenomena and how to write a research proposal and research paper. Each chapter includes rich case examples and relevant practical examples.This book is ideal for researchers and students in Islāmic psychology and psychotherapy wishing to learn more about the techniques and principles of Islāmic research scholarship in the field.

This book explores the transformation of the American-led alliances, as well as of US allies' responses to potential American disengagement from regional security amid the rising Russian and Chinese threats. It comes with 4 new chapters and a revised Introduction. The other chapters were originally published in Asian Affairs.

First published in 1948 Dr Berg had an extraordinary flair for presenting a difficult subject in a most realistic and attractive manner, without sacrifice of scientific essentials. In spite of its novel and entertaining method of exposition, the book covers a surprisingly wide field - the whole field of clinical psychology - and more.

Organizational storytelling has been taught for many years in many different places as part of organizational development, organizational change, organizational learning, and business ethics. There has not been any comprehensive framework that addresses sustainability in organizations and so this book develops a new ethics of sustainability for management and organizations. A terrestrial ethics of storymaking is proposed, which responds to Latour's claim that the Terrestrial has become a new decisive political actor in politics. The Terrestrial is born from Gaia, a metaphor for a new look on life on Earth. Gaia situates life in the thin layer of matter that is the surface of the Earth. It entails the view that nature is a process that humans are part of. Storymaking is constructed from Arendt's political philosophy, which is rooted ontologically in the principle of natality: rebirth of life. The term 'storymaking' is developed from Arendt's understanding of storytelling as political action to emphasize not only that stories are spatial, embodied and material practices that are tied to a specific time and space but also that technology is an important dimension in making stories. Stories are thus human practices that apart from meaning making and politics involve the use and manipulation of material and objects, and which are crucial for how a human world is shaped. This human world is furthermore shaped by the rhythms of life embedded in the complex landscapes that humans move through. Storymaking is developed through rethinking the links between the central categories of labor, work, action, and thinking in Arendt's writings. Implications for business ethics are drawn out and a comprehensive ethics framework is constructed that connects the biological and physical with the social, economic, and political regarding how organizations work. Finally, a storymaking philosophy of management is constructed, making this book especially relevant to researchers, academics, managers, and students in the fields of business ethics, management studies, leadership, organizational studies, and international business.

This book is the second of a two-volume set exploring the controversies about the experiences of Americans from Africa. It contains essays on the roots of protest, including the original "Confessions of Nat Turner;" the background and character of the Civil Rights Movement; the origins and impact of Black Power; and, finally, in "Negroes Nevermore," varied views on the meaning of Black Pride.Included here are selections written by black and white social scientists, psychiatrists, historians, and political figures offered in careful juxtaposition. Among the contributors are Raymond and Alice Bauer, Robert Blauner, Stokely Carmichael, Erik Erikson, Martin Luther King, Jr., Joyce Ladner, C. Eric Lincoln, August Meier and Elliott Rudwick, Tom Mboya, Gerald Mullin, Alvin Poussaint, and Mike Thelwell.Volume I, Slavery and Its Aftermath, addresses four other issues: the retention of "Africanisms;" the impact of slavery on personality and culture; differences in the experiences of living in the South and North; and matters of community, class and family.Originally published in 1970, these volumes have stood the test of time. Each of the issues considered still resonate in American society and all are critical to understanding many matters that still confront many Americans from Africa.

This book, first published in 1982, was the first translation of the Chinese classic Yü-t-'ai hsin-yung - the unique anthology of love poems, compiled in AD 545. This traces the development of love poetry from the second century BC to its full flowering in the fifth and sixth centuries AD. Dr Birrell's incisive introductory essay provides a concise survey of the historical and literary setting to the poems and explains the conventions governing courtly love poetry. In particular, the reader's attention is drawn to the many and varied artistic uses of imagery in the poems. Major poets are noted for their artistic achievement and for their contribution to the development of the genre. Dr Birrell also supplies a valuable section of notes on the poems to guide the reader through unfamiliar historical events, legends, anecdotes and famous places and people, and there is a similar section of notes on the poets offering biographical details.

A timely enquiry into the disjuncture between schooling and society, this book aims to examine the specific spatialities and temporalities of modern schooling through which non-normative childhoods are constructed as the 'provincial other'.A large body of critical scholarship has engaged with the ways in which modern schooling draws upon certain situated, normative ideals of child development and is uneasy in its attempts to accommodate childhoods that are situated outside of this normative framework. The COVID-19 pandemic, in fact, was a further reminder of how schooling, in its current form, is limited in its abilities to address childhoods that spatio-temporally disrupt the assumptions of the 'normal' and 'stable'. Together, the authors of this edited volume examine the ways in which modern schooling, 'excludes', despite set policies for inclusion, and how 'provincialized' children respond to this. Cutting across a range of disciplines from history and anthropology to sociology and childhood studies, statistics and demography, and a range of research methodologies, from archival to ethnographic, the chapters draw upon these various disciplines in unpacking the structures of modern schooling.Modern Schooling and Trajectories of Exclusion will be a key resource for academics, researchers, and advanced students of education, sociology, research methods, childhood studies and social sciences. The chapters included in this book were originally published as a special issue of Children's Geographies.