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XIV , bilden den Grundstein d~s vorliegenden Buches; sie wurden verbessert, erweitert und mit neuen Beitdigen zu einem einheitlichen Ganzen verschmolzen. Ich glaube, daB das Buch tnanchem Leser auch einige Uberraschungen bereiten wird. So wird u. a. dokumentiert, daB - im Gegensatz zu den iiblichen historischen Bemer­ kungen - NEWTON das iiberall nach ihm benannte Gesetz «Kraft gleich Masse mal Beschleunigung» nirgends und niemals, nicht in Worten und erst recht nicht in mathe­ matischer Formulierung niedergeschrieben hat. Es wird auch dargelegt, daB D'ALEM­ BERT weder den Streit urn «das wahre KraftmaB» entschieden noch das nach ihm be­ nannte «Paradoxon» nachgewiesen hat. Auch sein kinetisches Prinzip hatte gewich­ tige V orbilder und geht - ins besondere in der heutigen Form -auf LAGRANGE zuriick. Ebenso ist die Benennung der stationaren Stromfadengleichung nach DANIEL BER­ NOULLI nicht zutreffend: sein Vater JOHANN hatte sie sogar fUr den instationaren Fall auf die heute iibliche Form gebracht. Die Navier-Stokesschen Bewegungsgleichungen miiBten nach NA VIER und DE SAINT-VENANT benannt werden. Es diirfte auch kaum bekannt sein, daB schon bei DANIEL BERNOULLI eine Art von «Rayleigh-Quotient» vorkommt.

Hyponormal pairs of commuting operators.- Conditional expectations and invariant subspaces.- Hamiltonian systems with eigenvalue depending boundary conditions.- Analytic functions of elements of the Calkin algebra, and their limits.- Chordal inheritance principles and positive definite completions of partial matrices over function rings.- Duality and uniform approximation by solutions of elliptic equations.- 2-Chordal graphs.- Hamiltonian representation of stationary processes.- End point results for estimates of singular values of singular integral operators.- On lifting to the commutant.- The smooth mappings which preserve the Hardy space H2 (Bn).- Shift invariant subspaces, passivity reproducing kernels and H?-Optimization.- Toeplitz operators on multiply connected domains and Theta functions.- Integral representations of bounded Hankel forms defined in scattering systems with a multiparametric evolution group.- Random Toeplitz and Hankel operators.- Block Toeplitz operators with rational symbols.- Finite representations of block Hankel operators and balanced realizations.- Nearly invariant subspaces of the backward shift.- The heat expansion for systems of integral equations.- List of participants.- List of speakers.

In this article we shall use two special classes of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (which originate in the work of de Branges [dB) and de Branges-Rovnyak [dBRl), respectively) to solve matrix versions of a number of classical interpolation problems. Enroute we shall reinterpret de Branges' characterization of the first of these spaces, when it is finite dimensional, in terms of matrix equations of the Liapunov and Stein type and shall subsequently draw some general conclusions on rational m x m matrix valued functions which are "J unitary" a.e. on either the circle or the line. We shall also make some connections with the notation of displacement rank which has been introduced and extensively studied by Kailath and a number of his colleagues as well as the one used by Heinig and Rost [HR). The first of the two classes of spaces alluded to above is distinguished by a reproducing kernel of the special form K (>.) = J - U(>')JU(w)* (Ll) w Pw(>') , in which J is a constant m x m signature matrix and U is an m x m J inner matrix valued function over ~+, where ~+ is equal to either the open unit disc ID or the open upper half plane (1)+ and Pw(>') is defined in the table below.

he visits his neighbour Harry Dym at the Weizmann Institute regularly, he spends several months a year in Amsterdam working with Rien Kaashoek, several weeks in Maryland with Seymour Goldberg, a couple of weeks here in Calgary with Peter Lancaster, and on the rare occasions when he is in Tel Aviv, he takes care of his many students.

Diese Einführung in die algebraische Geometrie richtet sich an Studierende mittlere und höhere Semester. Vorausgesetzt werden lediglich die im ersten Studienjahr erworbenen Grundkenntnisse. Ausgehend von den affinen Hyperflächen werden beliebige affine und schliesslich projektive Varietäten untersucht. Die benötigte Algebra wird dabei laufend entwickelt. Schwerpunkte des Buches sind die Dimensions- und Morphismentheorie, die Multiplizitätstheorie sowie der Gradbegriff. Zahlreiche Beispiele sollen dem Leser helfen, sich über die konkrete Bedeutung des Stoffes klarzuwerden.

The workshop was designed to survey the current understanding of water and solute transport through unsaturated soils under field conditions, and to foster research by discussing some unresolved key issues relative to transport modeling and experimentation in four "Think Tank" groups.

Schwanzlose Flugzeuge sind Flugzeuge, fast wie andere auch. Wie diese besitzen sie Fltigel, Steuerung, eventuell Ftihrerraum, Fahrwerk, Motor, etc .. Der Aufbau ist daher kaum verschieden von einem "normalen" Flugzeug. Der wesentliche Unterschied liegt al­ lein in der Tatsache, daB sie keinen "Schwanz" haben und daher aerodynamisch ganz anders reagieren. 1m vorliegenden Buch 5011 ausschlieBlich diese aerodynamische Seite der schwanzlosen Flug­ zeuge betrachtet werden. Der bauliche Aspekt wird nur dort ange­ deutet, wo sich Unterschiede ergeben, andernfalls wird er ver­ nachlassigt. Dieses Buch ist also kein Handbuch zu dem Problem: "Wie baue ich ein schwanzloses Flugzeug 7". Es sollen hier vielmehr aIle diejenigen Aspekte betrachtet werden, durch die sich ein schwanz­ loses Flugzeug von einem Schwanz-Flugzeug unterscheidet. Dieses Buch beantwortet damit eher die Frage: "Wie entwerfe ich ein der­ artiges Gerat 7". Wir, die beiden Autoren, hatten tiber mehrere Jahre hinweg wahrend unserer Zusammenarbeit an der Universitat Freiburg immer wieder dartiber diskutiert, daB eigentlich ein Buch tiber schwanz­ lose Flugzeuge geschrieben werden sollte. In ihm sollten nicht nur ausgeftihrte Gerate des einen oder anderen Konstrukteurs be­ schrieben und auch kritisch betrachtet werden. Vielmehr sollten in solch einem Buch die grundsatzlichen Probleme und Oberlegungen zu der Konstruktion und dem Fliegen von Nurfltigeln behandelt wer­ den.

Die Relativitatstheorien (RT) Einsteins gehoren zu den meistdiskutierten Theorien der Physik des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts. Nach der Formulie­ rung der sog. 'speziellen Relativitatstheorie' (SRT) im Jahr 1905 nah­ men zunachst nur einige Spezialisten von ihr Kenntnis, bis mit ungefiihr fiinf Jahren Verspatung dann auch zunehmend Nicht-Physiker sich mit ihr zu beschaftigen begannen, angeregt durch populiirwissenschaftliche, all­ gemeinverstiindliche 'Einfiihrungen' von Kollegen Einsteins wie z. B. Paul Langevin in Frankreich oder Max von Laue in Deutschland. Diese Pha­ senverschiebung zwischen fachwissenschaftlichem Ausbau der Theorie und offentlicher Notiznahme wiederholte sich bei Einsteins 'allgemeiner Theorie der Relativitat und Gravitation' (ART). Zwischen 1913 und 1915 in ihren wesentlichen Ziigen ausformuliert, wurde sie erst nach einer spektakuliiren experimentellen Bestatigung im Jahr 1919 einem breiterem Publikum be­ kannt. In meiner Arbeit werde ich den Facettenreichtum der Ausdeutungen, die beide RT erfuhren, zunachst zu referieren und durch repriisentative Zi­ tate aus der Literatur der Zeit zu belegen haben. Der Umfang dieser Arbeit geht wesentlich auf das Konto dieser ausgewahlten Belege - davon verspre­ che ich mir, dafi nicht nur bislang unveroffentlichte Dokumente, sondern auch entlegene Texte hier in ihren zentralen Passagen leicht zuganglich ge­ macht werden. Fernerhin werde ich aber auch zu analysieren haben, warum derartig vielfaltige, einander mitunter diametral entgegengesetzte Interpre­ tationen einer wissenschaftlichen Theorie vorgelegt wurden.

These notes are based on lectures presented during the seminar on " Asymptotic Statistics" held at SchloB Reisensburg, Gunzburg, May 29-June 5, 1988. They consist of two parts, the theory of asymptotic expansions in statistics and probabilistic aspects of the asymptotic distribution theory in nonparametric statistics. Our intention is to provide a comprehensive presentation of these two subjects, leading from elementary facts to the advanced theory and recent results. Prospects for further research are also included. We would like to thank all participants for their stimulating discussions and their interest in the subjects, which made lecturing very pleasant. Special thanks are due H. Zimmer for her excellent typing. We would also like to take this opportunity to to express our thanks to the Gesellschaft fur mathematische Forschung and to the Deutsche Mathematiker Vereinigung, especially to Professor G. Fischer, for the opportunity to present these lectures and to the Birkhauser Verlag for the publication of these lecture notes. R. Bhattacharya, M. Denker Part I: Asymptotic Expansions in Statistics Rabi Bhattacharya 11 §1. CRAMER-EDGEWORTH EXPANSIONS Let Q be a probability measure on (IRk, B"), B" denoting the Borel sigmafield on IR". Assume that the s - th absolute moment of Q is finite, (1.1) P. := J II x lis Q(dx) < 00, for some integer s;::: 3, and that Q is normalized, (1.2) J x(i)Q(dx) = 0 (1 ~ i ~ k), J x(i)x(j)Q(dx) = Dij (1 ~ i,j ~ k).

On 26 May 1994, a reception took place in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Berkeley, at which Naghdi received The Berkeley Citation (which is given in lieu of an honorary degree) and where he was also presented with the Table of Contents of the present collection.

In the late eighties large-scale control operations were carried out to control a major desert locust upsurge in Africa.

The general principles by which the editors and authors of the present edition have been guided were explained in the preface to the first volume of Mathemat ics of the 19th Century, which contains chapters on the history of mathematical logic, algebra, number theory, and probability theory (Nauka, Moscow 1978;

Many systems involved in animal signaling are now shown to be present also in plants, and in view of the fast progress in this area, it will be possible in the near future to fully describe the content of the "black boxes" in the reaction chain specifically triggered by a signal.

Dieses Buch verfolgt verschiedene, eng miteinander verbundene Ziele. In erster Linie mochte es Schiilern, Lehrern und Studierenden der Mathematik dienlich sein als Einfiihrnngin einen wichtigen, aher meist vernachlassigten Aspekt der Mathematik. Doch ist das Buch in gewissem Sinn auch eine philosophische Abhandlung. Ebenso ist es eine Fortsetzung friiherer Arbeiten und verlangt selbst eine Fortsetzung. Ich werde auf diese Punkte der Reihe nach zu sprechen kommen. 1. Streng genommen besteht unser ganzes Wissen auIlerhalb der Mathematik und der demonstrativen Logik (die ja in der Tat ein Zweig der Mathematik ist) aus Vermutungen. Es gibt natiirlich Ver­ mutungen und Vermutungen. Es gibt hOchst respektable und zu­ verlassige Vermutungen wie die in gewissen allgemeinen Gesetzen der Naturwissenschaften niedergelegten. Es giht andere Vermutungen, die weder respektabel noch zuverlassig sind, und die einen zuweilen argern konnen, wenn man sie in der Zeitung Hest. Und zwischen diesen beiden Extremen stehen alle moglichen Arten und Schattierungen von Ver­ muten, instinktivem Vorausfiihlen und Erraten. Wir sichern die Giiltigkeit unseres mathematischen Wissens durch demonstratives SchliefJen, aber wir stiitzen unsere Vermutungen durch plausibles SchliefJen. Ein mathematischer Beweis besteht aus demon­ strativem SchlieIlen, aber der Induktionsbeweis des Physikers, der Indizienbeweis des Juristen, der dokumentarische Beweis des Ristori­ kers, der statistische Beweis des Nationalokonomen gehoren zum plausiblen SchlieIlen. Der Unterschied zwischen den heiden SchluIlweisen ist groIl und mannigfaltig. Demonstratives SchlieBen ist sicher, unbestreitbar und endgiiltig. Plausibles Schlie!3en ist gewagt, strittig und provisorisch.

Since the rheumatic diseases are among the most prevalent of conditions, the anti-rheumatic drugs make up one of the largest groups of drugs prescribed.

The last twenty years have witnessed enormous efforts by the pharmaceutical industry in the search for new drugs for the treatment of asthma.

This book provides an introduction to the modern theory of polynomials whose coefficients are linear bounded operators in a Banach space - operator polynomials. Throughout many years, I have worked wtih several mathematicians on the subject of operator polynomials, and, consequently, their ideas have influenced my view of the subject;

This monograph collects research and expository articles reflect­ ing the interaction and the cooperation of different groups in several European institut ions concerning current research on mathematical models for the behaviour of materials with phase change. These papers were presented and discussed in a Workshop held at Obidos, Portugal, du ring the first three days of October, 1988, and grew out of a two year period of intensive exploitation of differ­ ent abilities and mathematical experiences of the six participating groups, namely, in the University of Augsburg, wh ich was the co­ ordination center of this project, the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees of Paris, the Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, the University of Florence, the University of Lisbon and the University of Oxford. This project was carried out under the title "Mathemat­ ical Models of Phase Transitions and Numerical Simulation" , in the framework of twinning program for stimulation of cooperation and scientific interchange, sponsored by the European Community. The underlying idea of the project was to create and study the mathematical models arising in applied engineering problems with free boundaries in a broad sense, namely in melting and freezing problems, diffusion-reaction processes, solid-solid phase transition, hysteresis phenomena, "mushy region" descriptions, contact prob­ lems with friction andjor adhesion, elastoplastic deformations, etc. vi This large spectrum of applied problems have in common the main feature of brusque transitions of their qualitative behaviour that correspond, in general, to non-classical discontinuous monotone or non monotone strong nonlinearities in the mathematical equations.

Description of ACh's actions and receptors in various parts of the brain was followed by a detailed analysis of ACh's synthesis, release mechanism, removal from the synaptic cleft, modes of agonist-receptor interactions, properties of regulated conductances and of the pre-and postsynaptic modulation of cholinergic synapses.

Preface.- The Maillard reaction by Ted Labuza.- Chemistry.- Chemical Pathways of the Maillard Reaction.- Roast Aroma Formation. The Role of Amino Acids During the Maillard Reaction.- Detection of Maillard Reaction Intermediates by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography.- Oxidative Degradation of Protein-Bound Amadori Products : Formation of Nc-Carboxymethyllysine and N-Carboxymethyl Amino Acids as Indicators of the Extent of Non-Enzymatic Glysosylation.- Glucose-Lysozyme Reactions in a Restricted Water Environment.- Model Experiments on the Formation of N-?-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) in Foods.- Maillard Reaction in Sugar-Protein Systems.- The Role of 3-Deoxyglucosone in the Maillard Reaction.- Characterization of the Major Browning Derivates of Lysine with 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose.- Intramolecular Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Tryptophan and Lysine Amadori Rearrangement Products.- Related Ring Enlargement Reactions of Proline, Azetidinic Acid, Arginine and Lysine with Reducing Sugars.- Effect of Lipid in the Maillard Reaction.- Heterocycle Formation from Malondialdehyde and Amino Sugars.- Key Mechanistic Problems Posed by the Maillard Reaction.- Food Science.- The Influence of Maillard Reactions on the Sensory Properties of Foods.- Development of the Maillard Reaction During Food Processing.- Studies on Bakers Yeast as a Source of Maillard-Type Bread Flavor Compounds.- Flavor Problems Associated with the Microwave Cooking of Food Products.- Volatile Components of Okra (Hibiscus Esculentus L.) Formed as a Result of the Maillard Reaction.- The Mode of Action of Antibacterial Maillard Reaction Products.- Inhibitory Effects of Tea Extracts on the Formation of Advanced Glycosylation Products.- The Antibacterial Effect of Maillard Reaction Products and Sorbic Acid at Different pH Levels and Temperatures..- Safety of Amino Acids Heated with Sodium Ascorbate.- The Chemistry of Coloured Compounds Formed During Sugar Manufacture.- Nutrition.- Influence of the Maillard Reaction on the Nutritional Value of Foods.- Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Maillard Reaction Products (MRP).- Balance Studies with Glycosylated Proteins on Human Volunteers.- Separation and Characterization of Metal Chelating Compounds in Coffee.- Antioxidative Effect of Maillard Reaction Products in Vivo.- Effect of Melanoidin on Cholesterol in Plasma, Liver and Feces in Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet.- Immunodominancy and Antigenic Structure of Lactose-Protein Maillard Adduct.- Antibody-Binding to a Maillard-Reacted Protein.- Physiological Activity and Metabolism of 3-Deoxyglucosone.- Allergenicity of Malondialdehyde-Protein Complex in Soybean-sensitive Individuals.- Toxicology.- Mutagens and Carcinogens Formed by Cooking Meat and Fish : Heterocyclic Amines.- Anticarcinogenic Effect of Browning Reaction Products.- Maillard Reactions and the Formation of Genotoxic Amino-imidazoazaarenes (AIA) Present in Fried Meat and Fish.- Micromethod for the Determination of Heterocyclic Amines.- Scavenging of Active Oxygens by Melanoidin.- Inhibition of in Vivo Mutagenicity by Maillard Reaction Products and Coffee.- Mutagen Formation in Wheat Gluten, Carbohydrates, and Amino Acid and Gluten Carbohydrate Blends.- 2-0xoaldehyde-Metabolizing Enzymes in Animal and Plant Tissues.- Inhibition of Formation of Mutagens/Carcinogens During Cooking of Meat.- In Vivo Reaction.- The Maillard Reaction as a Basis for a Theory of Aging.- Nonenzymatic Reaction of Reducing Sugars with DNA.- Accumulation of Maillard Reaction Products in Tissue Proteins.- In Vitro and In Vivo Glycation of Human IgG.- Formation of Early and Advanced Glycation Products of Lens Crystal1ins with Erythrose, Ribose and Glucose.- Increased Glycation of Human Erythrocyte Cu, Zn-Superoxide Dismutase in Diabetic Patients with Cataracts and Retinopathy.- Autoxidation and DNA Cleavage Reaction of Glycated Proteins.- Biological Recognition of Advanced End Product of the Maillard Reaction.- Prevention of the Maillard Reaction and Reversible Destruction of Advanced Glycation End Products (Age) by Novel Organic Germanium Compounds and Aminoguanidine.- Parent Ion Spectroscopy Use in the Identification of Advanced Glycation Products.- Autoxidation of Amadori Compounds in the Presence of Copper Ion and its Effects on the Oxidative Damage to Protein.- Acceleration of Fructose-Mediated Collagen Glycation.- Decreased Actin Activated Myosin ATPase Activity by Non-Enzymatic Glycation.- Generation of Superoxide During and Autoxidation of Glycated Protein : Participation in Phospholipids Peroxidation.- Secondary Glycation of Nonenzymatically Glycated Protein by Fructose : a Possible Source of Fluorescence Generation.- Involvement of Monosaccharide Autoxidation in DNA Glycation under Physiological Conditions.

Research of discrete event systems is strongly motivated by applications in flex ible manufacturing, in traffic control and in concurrent and real-time software verification and design, just to mention a few important areas.

The explosive increase in the number of publications dealing with DNA methylation attests to its importance and makes it impossible to write a comprehensive coverage of the literature within the scope of a general review. Since the publication of the 3 most recent books dealing with the subject (DNA methylation by Razin A.

Free radical-mediated reactions have been well known in chemistry and physical chemistry for many years.

Table of contents: Plenary Lectures ¿ V.I. Arnold: The Vassiliev Theory of Discriminants and Knots ¿ L. Babai: Transparent Proofs and Limits to Approximation ¿ C. De Concini: Poisson Algebraic Groups and Representations of Quantum Groups at Roots of 1 ¿ S.K. Donaldson: Gauge Theory and Four-Manifold Topology ¿ W. Müller: Spectral Theory and Geometry ¿ D. Mumford: Pattern Theory: A Unifying Perspective ¿ A.-S. Sznitman: Brownian Motion and Obstacles ¿ M. Vergne: Geometric Quantization and Equivariant Cohomology ¿ Parallel Lectures ¿ Z. Adamowicz: The Power of Exponentiation in Arithmetic ¿ A. Björner: Subspace Arrangements ¿ B. Bojanov: Optimal Recovery of Functions and Integrals ¿ J.-M. Bony: Existence globale et diffusion pour les modèles discrets ¿ R.E. Borcherds: Sporadic Groups and String Theory ¿ J. Bourgain: A Harmonic Analysis Approach to Problems in Nonlinear Partial Differatial Equations ¿ F. Catanese: (Some) Old and New Results on Algebraic Surfaces ¿ Ch. Deninger: Evidence for a Cohomological Approach to Analytic Number Theory ¿ S. Dostoglou and D.A. Salamon: Cauchy-Riemann Operators, Self-Duality, and the Spectral Flow

Table of Contents: D. Duffie: Martingales, Arbitrage, and Portfolio Choice ¿ J. Fröhlich: Mathematical Aspects of the Quantum Hall Effect ¿ M. Giaquinta: Analytic and Geometric Aspects of Variational Problems for Vector Valued Mappings ¿ U. Hamenstädt: Harmonic Measures for Leafwise Elliptic Operators Along Foliations ¿ M. Kontsevich: Feynman Diagrams and Low-Dimensional Topology ¿ S.B. Kuksin: KAM-Theory for Partial Differential Equations ¿ M. Laczkovich: Paradoxical Decompositions: A Survey of Recent Results ¿ J.-F. Le Gall: A Path-Valued Markov Process and its Connections with Partial Differential Equations ¿ I. Madsen: The Cyclotomic Trace in Algebraic K-Theory ¿ A.S. Merkurjev: Algebraic K-Theory and Galois Cohomology ¿ J. Nekovár: Values of L-Functions and p-Adic Cohomology ¿ Y.A. Neretin: Mantles, Trains and Representations of Infinite Dimensional Groups ¿ M.A. Nowak: The Evolutionary Dynamics of HIV Infections ¿ R. Piene: On the Enumeration of Algebraic Curves - from Circles to Instantons ¿ A. Quarteroni: Mathematical Aspects of Domain Decomposition Methods ¿ A. Schrijver: Paths in Graphs and Curves on Surfaces ¿ B. Silverman: Function Estimation and Functional Data Analysis ¿ V. Strassen: Algebra and Complexity ¿ P. Tukia: Generalizations of Fuchsian and Kleinian Groups ¿ C. Viterbo: Properties of Embedded Lagrange Manifolds ¿ D. Voiculescu: Alternative Entropies in Operator Algebras ¿ M. Wodzicki : Algebraic K-Theory and Functional Analysis ¿ D. Zagier: Values of Zeta Functions and Their Applications

It contains a selection of original research papers which cover a broad spectrum of topics about operators and semigroups of operators on Banach lattices, analysis in function spaces and integration theory.

Volume I provides an in-depth discussion of the most recent developments of crucical biosensor components. It concentrates on the interface between the analyte phase and the detector, namely, the implementation of novel recognition elements, including nucleic acids, and of leading-edge technology in the construction of responsive thin layers.