Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Basel

Bronchial asthma is a disease with many unsolved problems and despite an increased availabili ty of anti-asthma drugs, morbidi ty and mortality from this disease are not improving.

Since the appearance of photosynthesis on our planet, all living organisms have been facing a new abundant, extremely reactive element, oxygen.

This book grew out of the work developed at the University of Warwick, under the supervision of Ian Stewart, which formed the core of my Ph.D. More importantly, the work should assume as little as possible, and it should be brought to a form which is pleasurable, not painful, to read.

A E r* J J J J J where Aj is a square matrix of size nj x n* say. B and C are j j j matrices of sizes n. J x J J and Aj = Aj - BjC have no eigenvalues on r . 1) the functions j j Wj are normalized to I at infinity.

Most studies on autonomic innervation of smooth muscle have focused on the short-term mechanisms involved in neurotransmission in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

On June 28-29, 1990 in Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the International Association of Inflammation societies (IAIS) organized their first symposium on Drugs in Inflammation.

Proteases, Protease-Derived Peptides and Protease Inhibitors Many physiological as weil as pathophysiological processes are mediated by proteases and the products of their actions, protease-derived peptides. However, the uncontrolled activity of proteases can be extraordinarily destructive and dangerous to normal biologie systems. As a result, biology has gone to great lengths to control the activities of the proteases involved in these systems by developing aseries of both highly specific (regulatory) and non-specific (protective) anti-proteases. The protease/anti-protease balancing activities include the normal homeostatic processes of clotting and clot lysis, hormonal regulation of blood pressure and the control of the inflammatory response represented by both the humoral (the kallikrein-kinin and complement systems) and cellular (neutrophil and macrophage derived proteases) components of the inflammation. Examples of successful therapies directed at these protease dependent systems include the use of warfarin and heparin to control thrombosis and streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for the acceleration of clot dissolution. Similarly, the use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, a type of limited activity protease or peptidase) inhibitors has made a significant impact on the treatment of hypertension. Lastly, the restitution of normal antiprotease levels by the infusion of the purified protein in patients with genetic alpha-1-antiprotease deficiency is regularly being used to reduce the rate of lung function 1055 caused by the unopposed activity of human neutrophil elastase in these individuals.

ceptor-Binding Assay ................................................. 57 3.3 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Troubleshooting ....................................................... 61 Impurity in PACAP27-Cys-NH............................................ 61 2 Low specific activity of the PACAP receptor despite a single band ............. 62 Acknowledgments ..................................................... 62 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photoreactive Biotinylated Peptide Ligands for Affinity Labeling ......... " 65 Summary ............................................................. 65 4.1 Introduction................................................ . . . . . . . .. . 66 . 4.2 Technical Procedures ................................................. " 67 Synthesis of a trifunctional photoactivatable biotinylating reagent ............. 67 Synthesis of photo reactive biotinylated peptide hormones ................... 67 Site-specific incorporation of biotin and photo labels in separate steps ........ 69 Photoaffinity labeling ................................................... 72 4.3 Results and Discussion .................................................. 76 Synthesis of photoactivatable insulins with permanent biotin labels ............ 76 Applications: Insulin .................................................... 78 VI Examples for other applications .......................................... 78 4.4 Troubleshooting....................................................... 79 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uncontrolled proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) in response to vessel injury is a problem with a considerable therapeutic impact. There is also evidence for a markedly increased endogenous prostaglandin production during neointirna formation under the influence of growth factors which includes induction of COX-2.

The Seventh International Conference of the Inflammation Research Association, entitled "Inflammation, Mechanisms and Therapeutics" was held on September 25-29,1994 in White Haven, Pennsylvania.

The 39 chapters in this volume consider subjects ranging from genetics, markers, and molecular biology of alcoholism, to clinical observations and treatment. The aim is to integrate pertinent information from the fields of molecular and cell biology with view to establishing a molecular basis of alcohol use and abuse.

With the present Badgastein Symposium "Radioactive Isotopes in Clinical Medicine and Research" we have now had 40 years of an uninterrupted series of Badgastein meetings on nuclear medicine, since the first one took place in January 1954.

It can be argued that nonselective cation channels were the first sort of ion channel to be described, though the word channel was not used at the time.

This volume brings together the latest developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of asthma, considers the safety ofbeta-adrenoceptor agonists, and explores latest developments in the use of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in asthma therapy.

The techniques discussed are sufficient for the study of systems in the steady state, but systems that are evolving towards the steady state, or show some other time-depen dent behavior, require in addition the techniques of mathematical modelling.

Adenine Nucleotides play a major role in cellular metabolism and functions, serving as high-potential phosphate transfer compounds in energy metabolism and as substrates and co-factors for proteins involved in signal transduction. During the last few years definite advancement has been made in elucidating the molecular and genetic aspects of the enzyme involved in oxidative phosphorylation, the so-called FoFl H~-ATP synthase. Non-invasive NMR technologies have been developed to monitor in vivo the energy level of tissues based on determination of the concentrations of adenine nucleotides, phosphate and phosphate esters. Thus it became clear that the capacity of oxidative phosphorylation adapts itself to the ATP demand which changes continuously with the physiological state in various tissues. This is achieved by regulation of the enzyme activity as well as by regulation of its biogenesis. The reversible phosphorylation of proteins is re­ cognised as a major regulatory mechanism in eukaryotic as well as in prokaryotic cells for cellular signal transduction and control of gene expression, cell growth, differentation and oncogenesis. The same applies to the role played by cAMP. A further topic of growing interest concerns the discovery of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transport proteins which includes systems of primary importance in medicine such as the multi-drug resistance P glycoprotein, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the 70 kd peroxisomal membrane protein. Finally, much attention is being devoted in many laboratories to the molecular structure and role of ATP­ modulated channels.

Although DNA fingerprinting is a very young branch of molecular genetics, being barely six years old, its recent impact on science, law and politics has been dramatic.

The role of histamine as a neurotransmitter, the existence of a presynaptic receptor (H ) controlling the release of histamine 3 and other neurotransmitters, and the particular character of this receptor became important as the possibilities to design new therapeutic agents were realized.

The present volume collects the contributions to the conference "Order, disorder and chaos in quantum systems" which was held at Dubna last October. Our world is far from perfect and to keep a perfect order is difficult not only in everyday life but also in most physical systems.

The present Volume contains the contributions to the fourth meeting on Unilateral Problems in Structural Analysis, held at Capri on June 14 to 16,1989.

Multivariate Approximation Theory forms a rapidly evolving field in Applied Mathematics. The reason for its particular current interest lies in its impact on Computer Aided Geometric Design (CAGD), Image Processing, Pattern Recogni tion, and Mult idimensional Signal Processing. Mul ti var iate Bernstein polynomials and box splines, for example, play an important role in CAGD. Conversely, the highly important filter bank design problem of signal processing, for instance, gives rise to a new family of multivariate approximating functions, the Gabor wavelets, with interesting technological and biological applications. The conferences on Multivariate Approximation Theory held at the Mathematical Research Institute at Oberwolfach, Black Forest, in 1976, 1979, 1982, 1985 and 1989 ref lect the progress made in this area and related fie Ids. The present volume which is a continuation of the preceding volumes Constructive Theory of Functions of Several Variables, Lecture Notes in Mathematics 571 (1977) Multivariate Approximation Theory, ISNM 51 (1979) Multivariate Approximation Theory II, ISNM 61 (1982) Multivariate Approximation Theory III, ISNM 75 (1985) is based on the conference held on February 12-18, 1989. It includes most of the lectures presented at the Oberwolfach meeting and reveals the wide spectrum of activities in the field of multivariate approximation. The organizers are grateful to the Director of the Oberwolfach Mathematical Research Institute, Professor Dr. M. Barner, and his staff for providing the facili ties, and to Dr. G. Baszenski, Professor Dr. F. J. Delvos, Dr. H.

I shall review the problems of unwanted effects and dependence, mainly from an epidemiological view point, and then relate the pharmacological properties of the newer com pounds to possible differences in their clinical profile of adverse effects.

It is probably more efficient to present such material after a reasonable competence in (at least) linear algebra and calculus has already been attained - but at this stage those not specializ ing in numerical mathematics are often interested in getting more deeply into their chosen field than in developing skills for later use.

In den meisten Darstellungen der Entwicklung der Mathema­ tik im 17. Jahrhundert wird man den Namen Faulhaber ver­ geblich suchen, obwohl Johannes Faulhaber immer wieder, wenn auch nur bei einigen Spezialisten wie den Mathematikern C. G. J. Jacobi und A. F. Mobius aufgrund seiner mathematischen Lei­ stungen Interesse zu erwecken vermochte. Dennoch gibt es in den Faulhaber-Biographien, die seit dem 18. Jahrhundert zu­ meist in Ulm und Umgebung, der Heimat Faulhabers, erschienen sind, bislang keine angemessene oder gar vollstandige Wurdigung seines mathematischen Werks. Eine solche Wurdigung erscheint aus verschiedenen Grunden wunschenswert. Die mathematischen Entdeckungen Faulhabers sind nicht nur gemessen an den Lei­ stungen deutscher Mathematiker des 16. Jahrhunderts heraus­ ragend, sondern auch im Vergleich zu anderen Errungenschaf­ ten der Mathematik des 17. Jahrhunderts, das Zeitgenossen als ein Jahrhundert der Mathematik galt, durchaus bemerkenswert. Am auffalligsten und wohl auch von Faulhaber selbst als seine groBte Entdeckung eingeschatzt sind die Summen und hoheren Summen der Potenzen naturlicher Zahlen bis zum Exponenten 17 in Form der heute sogenannten Faulhaberpolynome. Die Re­ konstruktion des Findungsweges dieser Potenzsummen auf der Grundlage der Faulhaber zuganglichen elementaren Methoden hat Mathematiker bis in die jungste Zeit beschaftigt.

Robust Control is one of the fastest growing and promising areas of research today. However, this second workshop was restricted to robust control of dynamic systems with parameter uncertainties with the objective to concentrate on some aspects of robust control.

From Sunday evening, April 5, until Thursday afternoon, April 9, 1992,49 scientists from 10 countries met at the Centro Stefano Franscini on Monte VeritA overlooking Ascona, in the state of Ticino in Switzerland, for an international workshop on Muonic Atoms and Molecules. More than two-thirds of the participants presented their results in talks of 20 to 40 minutes' duration. In addition, Prof. Gabriele Torelli gave, under the patronage of the Ministro del Ambiente of the state of Ticino, Dr. Mario Camani, a lecture in Italian entitled "Un modo insolito di studiare Ie proprieta nucleari, atomiche e chimiche". The scientific program commenced on Monday morning with discussions centering on nuclear muon capture and nuclear fusion and fission, moving on to muonic atom spectroscopy in the afternoon. All of Tuesday was devoted to muon catalyzed fusion and muon transfer. On Wednesday morning, different aspects of hot muonic atoms were discussed, followed by informal gatherings in the afternoon and evening. On Thursday morning we took a look at the prospects for the TRIUMF and PSI meson factories, and new experimental methods. The conference was brought to a close in the afternoon with C. P. summarizing the events of the past days. The two organizers want to thank all participants for their contributions and for the lively discussions which often followed the different talks.

receptors containing an integral ionic channel), 2) metabotropic receptors (receptors coupled to G proteins) and 3) voltage-dependent ionic channels (Na+, K + and Ca2+ channels) were already well differentiated when vertebrates separated from invertebrate species.

The Second IUPHAR Satellite Meeting on Serotonin was held under the auspices of the Serotonin Club in Basel, Switzerland in July 1990. There were three invited review lectures, by J. The invited review lecturers, the platform speak ers and selected poster contributors were invited to write up their contributions for inclusion in this volume.

The book on "Tropical Forests in Transition" synthesizes information on changing environmental conditions and human impacts on the tropical forest by looking back to the paleoecology, analyzing the impact of modern human populations and modeling the future of the tropical forest in a changing environment.

About 80 scientists from allover the world have gathered at the Parc Valrose Scientific Campus of Nice -Sophia Antipolis University, for the 5th UNESCO International Conference on "Water and Ions in Biornolecular Systems", to present and discuss current problems in the field. The Conference proceedings comprise selected and reviewed contributions of invited plenary lectures, lectures and posters presentations which cover all the Biophysical sectors of research on the following three major topics : * Water, Ions and Nucleic Acids * Water, Ions and Membranes * Water, Ions and Proteins The organizers of the 5th UNESCO International Conference on "Water and Ions in Biomolecular Systems" have obtained financial support from various sponsors. They would like to express their appreciation and gratitude to these organizations for the valuable moral and financial support which has made the arrangement of these Conference in Nice possible. The Meeting has been sponsored by : * United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization * The University of Nice -Sophia Antipolis * D. R. E. T. (Defence Ministery) * Conseil General des Alpes Maritimes * Ville de Nice * The International Union of BiochernistIy * The International Union of Pure and Applied Biophysics * Banque Nationale de Paris * Air Liquide * Nice Congres The Executive Committee, Professors J. JAZ, B. PULLMAN and D.