Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Basel

This book explores new difference schemes for approximating the solutions of regular and singular perturbation boundary-value problems for PDEs.

Chronic viral hepatitis has emerged as one of the most common causes of disease and death worldwide. Because of their unique modes of replication and intimate association with the host immune system, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) pose challenging problems to scientists in basic and applied research as well as to clinicians engaged in disease management. Although approved antiviral therapy is available for chronic HBV, the emergence of viral resistance provides a rationale for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents. The lack of a robust cell culture system for HCV replication and a readily accessible small-animal model of HCV infection have hampered the development of antiviral agents for HCV. Neverthe-less, new antiviral agents targeting HCV are now in preclinical and clinical development.This monograph, providing an up-to-date overview of the field of Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment, includes contributions from internationally recognized experts in the field of viral hepatitis, and covers the current state of knowledge and practice regarding the molecular biology, immunology, biochemistry, pharmacology and clinical aspects of chronic HBV and HCV infection. The volume includes salient topics such as: the history and epidemiology of HBV and HCV; recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of viral replication; the host immune response to infection and a discussion of the use (HBV) or potential development (HCV) of vaccines; the current standard of care for chronically-infected patients; and emerging therapies and issues associated with current antiviral treatments. The latest information to researchers and clinicians actively engaged in viral hepatitis research is provided, but also sufficient background and discussion of the literature to benefit the newcomer to the field.

This is the first monograph devoted to a fairly wide class of operators, namely band and band-dominated operators and their Fredholm theory. Applications are presented to several important classes of such operators: convolution type operators and pseudo-differential operators on bad domains and with bad coefficients.

Die Erforschung des Baugrundes als wichtiger Bestandteil einer Baumaßnahme ist eine relativ junge Wissenschaft. Falsche Einschätzung der Baugrundverhältnisse und hieraus resultierende, zum Teil erhebliche Haftungsrisiken haben es notwendig werden lassen, der Einstufung der Bodenverhältnisse, der Methodik der Baugrunderkundung und der Berechnung der Gründungsart ein Regelwerk voranzustellen. Für den Bauherrn ist wichtig, dass nur ausreichende und regelgerechte Baugrunduntersuchung ihm die gewünschte Planungssicherheit, Kostensicherheit und Schadensfreiheit bietet. Das Buch informiert über die Verfahren der Baugrund- und Bauwerksanalysen, Instandsetzungsverfahren von Gründungen und die Schadensbeseitigung durch Verpresstechniken. Zahlreiche Beispiele aus der Praxis dokumentieren Sanierungsleistungen an historischen Gebäuden, Stützmauern und Brücken.

Many phenomena of interest for applications are represented by differential equations which are defined in a domain whose boundary is a priori unknown, and is accordingly named a "free boundary".

Fractal geometry is used to model complicated natural and technical phenomena in various disciplines like physics, biology, finance, and medicine. Since most convincing models contain an element of randomness, stochastics enters the area in a natural way. This book documents the establishment of fractal geometry as a substantial mathematical theory. As in the previous volumes, which appeared in 1998 and 2000, leading experts known for clear exposition were selected as authors. They survey their field of expertise, emphasizing recent developments and open problems. Main topics include multifractal measures, dynamical systems, stochastic processes and random fractals, harmonic analysis on fractals.

This book deals with the dynamics of general systems such as foliations, groups and pseudogroups, systems which are closely related via the notion of holonomy. It concentrates on notions and results related to different ways of measuring complexity of systems under consideration.

Lions introduced a "perturbation" of the Navier Stokes equations in which he added in the linear momentum equation the hyper dissipative term (-Ll),Bu, f3 ~ 5/4, where Ll is the Laplace operator.

Particular emphasis lies on highlighting the interplay between operator theory and applications from other areas, such as multi-dimensional systems and function theory of several complex variables, distributed parameter systems and control theory, mathematical physics, wavelets, and numerical analysis.

The book consists of articles at the frontier of current research in Algebraic Topology.

The main effect of calcium channel blockers is the blockade of calcium entry into cells through voltage operated calcium channels. This volume gives a comprehensive overview of the different classes of CCBs and their various effects. It covers historical development, pharmacology, clinical aspects, and perspectives.

Der Autor informiert über die unterschiedlichen Bestimmungen in den Landesbauordnungen, Normen und Gesetzen sowie über die brandtechnischen Eigenschaften von Baustoffen und Bauteilen. Neben den Anforderungen für den Wohnungsbau werden auch die Bestimmungen für den Industrie- und Sonderbau sowie die Möglichkeiten und Probleme bei der Sanierung von Gebäuden behandelt.

At the heart of Clifford analysis is the study of systems of special partial differential operators that arise naturally from the use of Clifford algebra as a calculus tool. This book focuses on the study of Dirac operators and related ones, together with applications in mathematics, physics and engineering.

Boundary problems constitute an essential field of common mathematical interest, they lie in the center of research activities both in analysis and geometry.

Whilst systems such as these to a mathematician would provide the basis for a chaotic response, one is forced to marvel how, for all stages of an inflammatory reaction, this system appears exquisitely controlled, making therapeutic manipula tion both possible and, to some extent, predictable.

In the following sections, we will discuss the role of various non-invasive or relatively non-invasive methods to assess airway inflammation in asthma and concentrate on the only direct method of induced sputum examination. In his textbook The Principles and Practice of Medicine, in 1892, Sir William Osler described "bronchial asthma .

Nitric oxide is an endogenously produced gas with a wide range of biological effects and has been implicated in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. The authors identify key areas in the history, biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology, immunology and clinical applications of nitric oxide in the lung.

Airways inflammation is a complex biological phenomenon resulting from the recruitment and activation of numerous cell types. This book provides a collection of valuable reviews on the major inflammatory cells involved in airways disease and examines the pharmacology of current anti-inflammatory drugs used in the treatment of airways disease.

In addition anxiety is no longer considered to be a unique entity but rather an umbrella term for a series of specific anxiety disorders such as panic disorder without or with agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobias, social phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

The allergic skin diseases which will be discussed are atopic dermatitis, being the chronic inflammatory skin disease with the highest prevalence, allergic contact dermatitis with special focus on contact dermatitis from cosmetics, being the most frequent cause of contact dermatitis and occupational contact dermatitis.

In November 1998 many of the key leaders of new drug discovery for inflammatory diseases gathered at Hershey, Pennsylvania for the 9th International Conference of the Inflammation Research Association.

It is no longer time-consuming analysis of unknown products, but rather selective identifications of individual forms, modifications and processings, and overall analysis of global protein outputs from cells and tissues in health and disease.

Over the past ten years, a number of cytokines and growth factors have proven to be as effective therapeutics.

It addresses different therapeutic intervention possibilities for new drugs, such as the cellular source of cytokines, specific receptors which induce cytokine synthesis, intracellular regulators of cytokine gene induction and expression, secretion and activation of cytokines, cytokine receptors and signalling pathways from these receptors.

Although surprising, it seems fitting that a drug developed at the dawn of the era of rational drug design and therapeutics, methotrexate, should remain in common use for the therapy of so many different kinds of illnesses.

First, the antipsychotics had very little effect on the so-called negative or defect symptoms, like social isolation, apathy and anhedonia, and secondly virtually all antipsychotics produced a number of side-effects, of which the neurological (often called extra pyramidal) side-effects were the most troublesome.

In 1920s, a long-lasting controversy on the interpretation of nuclear beta spectrum arose between Lise Meitner and Charles Drummond Ellis. A new dispute, this time between Niels Bohr and Wolfgang Pauli, broke out. Pauli argued for a new particle, and Bohr for a new theory;

Motivated by some notorious open problems, such as the Jacobian conjecture and the tame generators problem, the subject of polynomial automorphisms has become a rapidly growing field of interest.

This meeting has been motivated by two events: the 85th birthday of Pierre Lelong, and the end of the third year of the European network "Complex analysis and analytic geometry" from the programme Human Capital and Mobility.

"This book covers some of the main aspects of nonlinear analysis. I recommend this book to anyone interested in the main and essential concepts of nonlinear analysis as well as the relevant methodologies and applications."