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Bioelectrochemistry represents an interdisciplinary scientific field linking together relevant areas of biology, medicine, chemistry, and physics. It is therefore not surprising that research in bioelectrochemistry requires the use of a great many experimental methods. These methods are, however, mostly from the methodological arsenal of classical natural sciences so that a description of general principles of common methods of biology, chemistry, physics, and medicine is not presented in this volume. Thus, this volume does not attempt to give an exhaustive survey of techniques used in bioelectrochemical research. The principles of several techniques and methodologies are mainly reviewed from the viewpoint of their specific application in studies of electrochemical and interfacial phenomena in various biological systems involving simple low-molecular-mass molecules of biological significance, biomacro­ molecules and their conjugates (like for instance chromatine or mem­ branes), cells and living organisms. The measurements of electrochemical impedance, voltammetric (po­ larographic) analysis, and spectroelectrochemistry represent a basis for analysis of molecules of biological significance in bulk of solution and at interfaces. These principles are reviewed in the first four chapters. The next three chapters demonstrate how these principles are utilized in voltammetric and interfacial analysis of biomacromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and viruses in vitro, in the development of biosensors with electrochemical transducers and in in vivo voltammetry.

Diese botanische Gebietsmonographie ist das Ergebnis 20-jähriger Feldarbeit in den Jahren 1982-2003 im Gebiet der Südrätischen Alpen der Regionen Oberengadin, Livignasco und Bormiese (Schweiz, Italien). Aus den aufgezeichneten Daten hat der Autor einen umfassenden Katalog der Gefäßpflanzen dieser Region erstellt, deren Vielfalt nach den Aspekten Standort, Substrat, Ökologie, Häufigkeit, Verbreitung, Höhenlage, höchste Fundorte und Pflanzensoziologie charakterisiert wird. Die Pflanzengesellschaften der subalpinen, alpinen und subnivalen Stufe werden mittels zahlreichen Tabellen vorgestellt. Es handelt sich also um ein einmaliges Inventar, das den grossen Reichtum unseres bedeutenden botanischen Naturerbes in einmalig vollständiger Weise aufzeigt.Diese erstmalig veröffentlichte Gebietsmonographie vermittelt eine umfassende Synthese für alle floristisch, standortkundlich, ökologisch und pflanzensoziologisch interessierten Leserinnen und Leser.

New inequalities were presented in the usual spread of the subject areas now expected for these meetings: Classical and functional analysis, existence and boundary value problems for both ordinary and partial differential equations, with special contributions to computer science, quantum holography and error analysis.

The Twenty-First International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) was held in Kyoto, Japan, from August 21 through 29, 1990, the first congress that has taken place in the Eastern hemisphere. On this occasion, Japanese historians of mathe­ matics organized the History of Mathematics Symposium which was held at the Sanjo Conference Hall of the University of Tokyo on August 31 and September 1, as one of the related conferences of the Congress. The symposium was officially sponsored by the Executive Committee of the ICM 90, the History of Science So­ ciety of Japan, and the International Commission on the History of Mathematics. The Executive Committee consisted of Murata Tamotsu (Chairperson, Momoyama Gakuin University), Sugiura Mitsuo (Vice-Chairperson, Tsuda College), Sasaki Chikara (Secretary, The University of Tokyo), Adachi Norio (Waseda University), Nagaoka Ryosuke (Tsuda College until 1990, now Daito Bunka University), and Hirano Yoichi (Treasurer, Tokai University). The symposium emphasized the following three fields of study: (1) mathe­ matical traditions in the East, (2) the history of modern European mathematics, and (3) interaction between mathematical research and the history of mathemat­ ics. These fields were chosen mainly because, first, the symposium was related to the ICM, the most important congress of working mathematicians, and, second, the Kyoto ICM was held in a non-Western country for the first time. The sym­ posium consisted of the two Sessions: Session A for invited speakers and Session B for short communications.

Many factors may influence the release of neurotransmitters from airway nerves [1]. There are marked differences be tween species in airway innervation and in neuromodulatory effects and, wherever possible, studies in human airways have been emphasised, although information on neuromodulation in human airways is some what limited at present.

The "Dynamical Systems Semester" took place at the Euler International Mathematical Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia, in the autumn of 1991. Since the new building of the Euler Institute was not ready at that moment, the sessions were held in the old building of the Steklov Mathemati cal Institute in the very center of St. Petersburg.

On May 24-27,1992 the European Society ofOsteoarthrology (ESOA) held its 19th sympo­ sium in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands. The symposium was entitled "Joint destruction in arthritis and osteoarthritis" and sought to combine both clinical and experimental studies in this field. The present volume contains the proceedings of this meeting. The ESOA has organized most of its symposia in the eastern part of Europe, thanks to major input from Stanislav Havelka, who in recent years has been supported by Heikki Helminen. In appreciation of his efforts Stan Havelka was granted Honorary Presidentship of the ESOA at the meeting. In the era of European unification it seemed desirable to create a strong Uni­ fied European Society, which would organize major meetings in both parts of Europe. Cartilage and bone research is expanding rapidly and the number of meetings in this field is continually growing. In line with these developments discussions took place with the recent­ Iy founded "Eular Workshop on Bone and Cartilage Research" and the "Osteoarthritis Re­ search Society (OARS)".

The purpose of the papers is to summarize recent research results, to provide an update on the current approach to therapeutic interventions and to alert readers to the psychosomatic aspects of asthma.