Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Conceptual modeling has always been one of the cornerstones for information systems engineering as it describes the general knowledge of the system in the so-called conceptual schema.Krogstie, Opdahl and Brinkkemper compiled 20 contributions from renowned researchers covering all aspects of conceptual modeling on the occasion of Arne Slvberg's 67th birthday. Many friends of this information systems modeling pioneer happily contributed their latest research results from fields like data modeling, goal-oriented modeling, agent-oriented modeling, and process-oriented modeling. Overall, the contributions reflect the most important developments and application areas of conceptual modeling in recent years, and they also pinpoint trends in conceptual modeling for the next decade.This wide selection corresponds to the broad spectrum of Arne's activities and long-term responsibilities with the VLDB Endowment, IFIP, and ERCIM. Arne was presented with this book at CAiSE 2007, when the event which he cofounded in 1989 returned to his hometown of Trondheim.

The ESO workshop "e;Multiple Stars across the H-R Diagram"e; was held in Garching on 12-15, July 2005. The topics included observations of multiple stars from ground and space, dynamical and stellar evolution in multiple systems, e?ects of the environment on multiplicity, formation and early e- lution of multiple stars, and special components of multiple stars (chemically peculiar stars, blue stragglers, brown dwarfs, etc.). Stars show a marked tendency to be in systems of di?erent multiplicity, 7 ranging from simple binaries and triples to globular clusters with N?10 . Modern observations give a frequency of binary and multiple stars in the Galactic ?eld of up to 70%, and between 5% and 20% of these systems are at least triple. There is evidence that the degree of multiplicity increases with primary mass. Many known multiple systems are too wide to have s- ni?cant physical interaction between their components. However, tidal and N-body dynamical interactions are important even in relatively wide s- tems and probably lead to the shrinkage of inner orbits. This sets the stage for spectacular evolutionary processes such as Roche-lobe over?ow, me- ers, supernovae, formation of special components, etc. Only recently did we realize that some of these processes require at least three stars. Theformationofmultiplesystemsremainsadi?cultandchallengingpart of astrophysics, although it has been addressed at the Workshop only brie?y.

Due to the rapid growth of digital communication and electronic data exchange, information security has become a crucial issue in industry, business, and administration. Modern cryptography provides essential techniques for securing information and protecting data.In the first part, this book covers the key concepts of cryptography on an undergraduate level, from encryption and digital signatures to cryptographic protocols. Essential techniques are demonstrated in protocols for key exchange, user identification, electronic elections and digital cash. In the second part, more advanced topics are addressed, such as the bit security of one-way functions and computationally perfect pseudorandom bit generators. The security of cryptographic schemes is a central topic. Typical examples of provably secure encryption and signature schemes and their security proofs are given. Though particular attention is given to the mathematical foundations, no special background in mathematics is presumed. The necessary algebra, number theory and probability theory are included in the appendix. Each chapter closes with a collection of exercises. The second edition contains corrections, revisions and new material, including a complete description of the AES, an extended section on cryptographic hash functions, a new section on random oracle proofs, and a new section on public-key encryption schemes that are provably secure against adaptively-chosen-ciphertext attacks.

In addition to a deductive approach to equilibrium statistics and thermodynamics based on a single hypothesis - the form of the microcanonical density matrix - this book treats the most important elements of non-equilibrium phenomena. Intermediate calculations are presented in complete detail. Problems at the end of each chapter help students to consolidate their understanding of the material. Beyond the fundamentals, this text demonstrates the breadth of the field and its great variety of applications. Modern areas such as renormalization group theory, percolation, stochastic equations of motion and their applications to critical dynamics, as well as fundamental considerations of irreversibility, are discussed. The text will be useful for advanced students of physics and other natural sciences; a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics is presumed.

The book is devoted to algorithmic low-dimensional topology. This branch of mathematics has recently been undergoing an intense development. On the one hand, the exponential advancement of computer technologies has made it possible to conduct sophisticated computer experiments and to implement algorithmic solutions, which have in turn provided a motivation to search for new and better algorithms. On the other hand, low-dimensional topology has received an additional boost because of the discovery of numerous connections with theoretical physics. There is also another deep reason why algorithmic topology has received a lot of attention. It is that a search for algorithmic solutions generally proves to be a rich source of well-stated mathematical problems. Speaking out of my experience, it seems that an orientation towards "e;how to"e; rather than just "e;how is"e; serves as a probing stone for choosing among possible directions of research - much like problems in mechanics led once to the development of calculus.

Environmental Chemistry is a relatively young science. Interest in this subject, however, is growing very rapidly and, although no agreement has been reached as yet about the exact content and limits of this interdisciplinary discipline, there appears to be increasing interest in seeing environmental topics which are based on chemistry embodied in this subject. One of the ?rst objectives of Environmental Chemistry must be the study of the environment and of natural chemical processes which occur in the environment. A major purpose of this series on Environmental Chemistry, therefore, is to present a reasonably uniform view of various aspects of the chemistry of the environment and chemical reactions occurring in the environment. The industrial activities of man have given a new dimension to Envir- mental Chemistry. We have now synthesized and described over ?ve million chemical compounds and chemical industry produces about hundred and ?fty million tons of synthetic chemicals annually. We ship billions of tons of oil per year and through mining operations and other geophysical modi?cations, large quantities of inorganic and organic materials are released from their natural deposits. Cities and metropolitan areas of up to 15 million inhabitants produce large quantities of waste in relatively small and con?ned areas. Much of the chemical products and waste products of modern society are released into the environment either during production, storage, transport, use or ultimate disposal. These released materials participate in natural cycles and reactions and frequently lead to interference and disturbance of natural systems.

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Workshop "e;Information Fusion and Geographic Information Systems"e; (IF&GIS'09) held in St. Petersburg, Russia in May 2009. The workshop was organized by the St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPIIRAS). The workshop continues a series organised biannually, and attracts academics and industrials from a wide range of disciplines including computer science, geography, statistics, mathematics, hydrography, geomorphology, and environmental sciences. The objective of this workshop is to provide a forum for innovative research oriented towards Geographic Information Science and tech- logies and Corporate Information Systems whose close association highlight novel theoretical and practical challenges. The papers selected by the International Program Committee cover a wide range of innovative areas including ontological and semantic approaches for the representation of geographical data, geographical data monitoring, situation management and forecast, to emerging applications oriented to the maritime environment, disaster management and security threats. While traditional topics of GIS conferences are well represented and still being advanced, several new domains appear and stress the need for the development of versatile monitoring systems and decision making systems. While GIS already have a de facto standard for geographical monitoring and analysis, the papers accepted in this volume also illustrate several novel directions of application whose objective is more closely oriented to process modeling and decision making, and where the nature of the objects represented is revisited using ontological and semantic approaches.

There have been ten years since the publication of the ?rst edition of this book. Since then, new applications and developments of the Malliavin c- culus have appeared. In preparing this second edition we have taken into account some of these new applications, and in this spirit, the book has two additional chapters that deal with the following two topics: Fractional Brownian motion and Mathematical Finance. The presentation of the Malliavin calculus has been slightly modi?ed at some points, where we have taken advantage of the material from the lecturesgiveninSaintFlourin1995(seereference[248]).Themainchanges and additional material are the following: In Chapter 1, the derivative and divergence operators are introduced in the framework of an isonormal Gaussian process associated with a general 2 Hilbert space H. The case where H is an L -space is trated in detail aft- s,p wards (white noise case). The Sobolev spaces D , with s is an arbitrary real number, are introduced following Watanabe¿s work. Chapter2includesageneralestimateforthedensityofaone-dimensional random variable, with application to stochastic integrals. Also, the c- position of tempered distributions with nondegenerate random vectors is discussed following Watanabe¿s ideas. This provides an alternative proof of the smoothness of densities for nondegenerate random vectors. Some properties of the support of the law are also presented.