Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Berlin Heidelberg

The most exciting and significant episode of scientific progress is the development of thermodynamics and electrodynamics in the 19th century and early 20th century. The nature of heat and temperature was recognized, the conservation of energy was discovered, and the realization that mass and energy are equivalent provided a new fuel, ¿ and unlimited power. Much of this occurred in unison with the rapid technological advance provided by the steam engine, the electric motor, internal combustion engines, refrigeration and the rectification processes of the chemical industry. The availability of cheap power and cheap fuel has had its impact on society: Populations grew, the standard of living increased, the envir- ment became clean, traffic became easy, and life expectancy was raised. Knowledge fairly exploded. The western countries, where all this happened, gained in power and influence, and western culture ¿ scientific culture ¿ spread across the globe, and is still spreading. At the same time, thermodynamics recognized the stochastic and probabilistic aspect of natural processes. It turned out that the doctrine of energy and entropy rules the world; the first ingredient ¿ energy ¿ is deterministic, as it were, and the second ¿ entropy ¿ favours randomness. Both tendencies compete, and they find the precarious balance needed for stability and change alike.

Pedagogical insights gained through 30 years of teaching applied mathematics led the author to write this set of student-oriented books. Topics such as complex analysis, matrix theory, vector and tensor analysis, Fourier analysis, integral transforms, ordinary and partial differential equations are presented in a discursive style that is readable and easy to follow. Numerous clearly stated, completely worked out examples together with carefully selected problem sets with answers are used to enhance students' understanding and manipulative skill. The goal is to make students comfortable and confident in using advanced mathematical tools in junior, senior, and beginning graduate courses.

A number of di?erent instruments for design can be uni?ed in the context of lattice theory towards cross-fertilization By"e;latticetheory"e;[1]wemean,equivalently,eitherapartialordering relation [2,3]ora couple of binary algebraic operations [3, 4]. There is a growing interest in computational intelligence based on lattice theory. A number of researchers are currently active developing lattice theory based models and techniques in engineering, computer and information s- ences, applied mathematics, and other scienti?c endeavours. Some of these models and techniques are presented here. However, currently, lattice theory is not part of the mainstream of com- tationalintelligence.Amajorreasonforthisisthe"e;learningcurve"e;associated with novel notions and tools. Moreover, practitioners of lattice theory, in s- ci?c domains of interest, frequently develop their own tools and/or practices without being aware of valuable contributions made by colleagues. Hence, (potentially) useful work may be ignored, or duplicated. Yet, other times, di?erent authors may introduce a con?icting terminology. The compilation of this book is an initiative towards proliferating est- lished knowledge in the hope to further expand it, soundly. There was a critical mass of people and ideas engaged to produce this book. Around two thirds of this book's chapters are substantial enhancements of preliminary works presented lately in a three-part special session entitled "e;Computational Intelligence Based on Lattice Theory"e; organized in the c- text of the World Congress in Computational Intelligence (WCCI), FUZZ- IEEE program, July 16-21, 2006 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The remaining book chapters are novel contributions by other researchers.

In the context of the NASA Deep Impact space mission, comet 9P/Tempel1 has been at the focus of an unprecedented worldwide long-term multi-wavelength observation campaign. The comet was also studied throughout its perihelion passage by various sources including the Deep Impact mission itself, the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer, Rosetta, XMM and all major ground-based observatories in a wavelength band from cm-wave radio astronomy to x-rays. This book includes the proceedings of a meeting that brought together an audience of theoreticians and observers - across the electromagnetic spectrum and from different sites and projects - to make full use of the massive ground-based observing data set. The coherent presentation of all data sets illustrates and examines the various observational constraints on modelling the cometary nucleus, cometary gas, cometary plasma, cometary dust, and the comet's surface and its activity.

Dear reader! In your hand you have the second book from the series "e;XXI Century Techno- gies. "e; The first book under the title "e;Manufacturing Technologies for Machines of the Future"e; was published by "e;Springer"e; in 2003. This book is aimed at solving one of the basic problems in the development of modern machine-building - working out of technologies and manufacturing equipment which would promote the continuous development and improvement of the final product design, rapidly "e;adaptable"e; to the requirements of the market as for the quantity, quality, and variety of products manufactured with the lowest cost and minimum time and labor of the product process. In this book the problems of theory and practice of development in the reconfigurable manufacturing systems and transformable factories for various machine-building branches with a focus on automotive industry are discussed. The problems concerning the development of a new class of production systems which in comparison to the flexible manufact- ing systems are composed of a far less quantity of machine-tools (reduced cost of production) are discussed. In comparison to the conventional automated lines (dedicated systems) they make it possible to rapidly transform the equipment for new products manufacturing. The book has some advantages concerning the art of scientific ideas and the presentation of developments.