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Since 1993, PROPOR Workshops have become an important forum for - searchers involved in the Computational Processing of Portuguese,both written and spoken. This PROPOR Workshop follows previous workshops held in 1993 (Lisbon, Portugal), 1996 (Curitiba, Brazil), 1998 (Porto Alegre, Brazil), 1999 ' (Evora, Portugal), 2000 (Atibaia, Brazil) and 2003 (Faro, Portugal). The wo- shop has increasingly contributed to bringing together researchers and industry partners from both sides of the Atlantic. The constitution of an international Program Committee and the adoption of high-standard referee procedures demonstrate the steady development of the ?eld and of its scienti?c community. In 2006 PROPOR received 56 paper submissions from 11 di?erent countries: Brazil, Portugal, Spain, Norway, USA, Italy, Japan, France, Canada, Denmark and the UK, from which 9 are represented in the accepted papers. Each submitted paper underwent a careful, triple-blind review by the P- gram Committee. All those who contributed are mentioned in the following pages. The reviewing process led to the selection of 20 regular papers for oral presentation and 17 short papers for poster sections, which are published in this volume. The workshop and this book were structured around the following main t- ics, seven for full papers: (i) automatic summarization; (ii) resources; (iii) au- matic translation; (iv) named entity recognition; (v) tools and frameworks; (vi) systems and models; and another ?ve topics for short papers; (vii) information extraction; (viii) speech processing; (ix) lexicon; (x) morpho-syntactic studies; (xi) web, corpus and evaluation.

This book constitutes the post-proceedings of the Third International Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval Symposium, CMMR 2005. The 24 revised full papers address a broad variety of topics, organized in topical sections on sound synthesis; music perception and cognition; interactive music: interface, interaction, gestures and sensors, music composition; music retrieval; music performance, music analysis, music representation; as well as interdisciplinarity and computer music.

This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the second international joint workshops on Wireless and Mobility and on New Trends in Network Architectures and Services organized by the European Network of Excellence on Next Generation Internet, EURO-NGI 2005. The 19 revised full research papers presented together with 1 invited talk are organized in topical sections on wireless solutions, QoS support in next generation networks, and peer to peer architectures and algorithms.

This volume is the third and last of a series devoted to the lecture notes of the Grenoble Summer School on "e;Open Quantum Systems"e; which took place at the th th Institut Fourier from June 16 to July 4 2003. The contributions presented in this volumecorrespondtoexpanded versionsofthelecturenotesprovidedbytheauthors to the students of the Summer School. The corresponding lectures were scheduled in the last part of the School devoted to recent developments in the study of Open Quantum Systems. Whereas the rst two volumes were dedicated to a detailed exposition of the mathematical techniques and physical concepts relevant in the study of Open S- tems with noapriori pre-requisites, the contributions presented in this volume request from the reader some familiarity with these aspects. Indeed, the material presented here aims at leading the reader already acquainted with the basics in ? quantum statistical mechanics, spectral theory of linear operators,C -dynamical systems, and quantum stochastic differential equations to the front of the current research done on various aspects of Open Quantum Systems. Nevertheless, pe- gogical efforts have been made by the various authors of these notes so that this volume should be essentially self-contained for a reader with minimal previous - posure to the themes listed above. In any case, the reader in need of complements can always turn to these rst two volumes. The topics covered in these lectures notes start with an introduction to n- equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics.

This is the ?rst in a series of three volumes dedicated to the lecture notes of the Summer School "e;Open Quantum Systems"e; which took place at the Institut Fourier in Grenoble from June 16th to July 4th 2003. The contributions presented in these volumes are revised and expanded versions of the notes provided to the students during the School. Closed vs. Open Systems By de?nition, the time evolution of a closed physical systemS is deterministic. It is usually described by a differential equation x ? = X(x ) on the manifold M of t t possible con?gurations of the system. If the initial con?guration x ? M is known 0 then the solution of the corresponding initial value problem yields the con?guration x at any future time t. This applies to classical as well as to quantum systems. In the t classical case M is the phase space of the system and x describes the positions and t velocities of the various components (or degrees of freedom) ofS at time t. Inthe quantum case, according to the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics, M is a Hilbert space and x a unit vector - the wave function - describing the quantum t state of the system at time t. In both cases the knowledge of the state x allows t to predict the result of any measurement made onS at time t.

These proceedings contain the papers selected for presentation at the 5th edition of the International Workshop on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, held in December 2005, in Lausanne, Switzerland. The aim of the series of annual W2GIS workshops is to provide an up-to-date review of advances on recent devel- ment and research results in the field of web and wireless geographical information systems. It follows the successful 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 editions, held in Kyoto, Singapore, Rome and Seoul, respectively. It now represents a young but rapidly - turing research community. In its 5th year, W2GIS reached new heights of recognition as a quality workshop for the dissemination and discussion on latest research and development achievements in the domain. The number of papers received for this workshop demonstrates the growing interest of the research community. There were 70 submissions from 17 countries, many of them of excellent quality and most of them very related to the t- ics of the workshop. Each paper receives three reviews. Based on these reviews, 25 papers were selected for presentation and inclusion in the proceedings. The accepted papers cover a wide range of topics from the Semantic Web, Web personalization, contextual representation and mapping to querying in mobile environments, to mobile networks and location-based services. We had the privilege of having a distinguished invited talk "e;The next revolution: Peer-to-Peer discovery on mobile devices"e; by Ouri Wolfson, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.

This volume introduces some basic mathematical models for cell cycle, proliferation, cancer, and cancer therapy. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the modeling of the cell division cycle. Chapter 2 describes how tumor secretes growth factors to form new blood vessels in its vicinity, which provide it with nutrients it needs in order to grow. Chapter 3 explores the process that enables the tumor to invade the neighboring tissue. Chapter 4 models the interaction between a tumor and the immune system. Chapter 5 is concerned with chemotherapy; it uses concepts from control theory to minimize obstacles arising from drug resistance and from cell cycle dynamics. Finally, Chapter 6 reviews mathematical results for various cancer models.

This book presents the proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Soft Computing as Transdisciplinary Science and Technology (WSTST '05), May 25-27, 2005, Muroran, Japan. It brings together the original work of international soft computing/computational intelligence researchers, developers, practitioners, and users. This proceedings provide contributions to all areas of soft computing including intelligent hybrid systems, agent-based systems, intelligent data mining, decision support systems, cognitive and reactive distributed artificial intelligence (AI), internet modelling, human interface, and applications in science and technology.

The Asian Internet Engineering Conference (AINTEC) brings together researchers and engineers interested in practical and theoretical problems in Internet technologies. The conference aims at addressing issues pertinent to the Asian region with vast diversities of socio-economic and networking conditions while inviting high-quality and recent research results from the global inter- tional research community. The ?rst event was jointly organized by the Internet Education and Research Laboratory of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) and the WIDE Project with support from the APAN-TH community. In response to the recent natural disaster in Asia, AINTEC 2005 solicited papers, among other things, on the survival of the Internet in order to provide alternative means of communication in emergency and chaotic situations. The main topics include: Mobile IP Mobile Ad Hoc and Emergency Networks Multimedia or Multi-Services IP-Based Networks Peer-to-Peer Measurement and Performance Analysis Internet over Satellite Communications There were 52 submissions to the Technical Program,and we selected the 18 papers presented in these proceedings. In addition, we have three invited papers and one invited position paper by leading experts in the ?eld. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the conference General Chair, K- chana Kanchanasut of AIT, and the Local Organizers team from AIT, namely, Pensri Arunwatanamongkol, Withmone Tin Latt and Yasuo Tsuchimoto, for organizing and arranging this conference. We are also grateful to the French Ministry of Foreign A?airs through its French Regional Cooperation and the ICT Asia project (STIC-ASIE) for providing travel support.

This book constitutes the joint refereed proceedings of the three workshops held in conjunction with the 6th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, WISE 2005, in New York, NY, USA, in November 2005.A total of 47 papers were submitted to the three workshops, and 28 revised full papers were carefully selected for presentation. The workshop on Web Information Systems Quality (WISQ 2005) - discussing and disseminating research on the quality of WIS and Web services from a holistic point of view - included 7 papers out of 12 submissions. The workshop on Web-based Learning (WBL 2005) accounted for 10 papers from 14 papers submitted - organized in topical sections on tools, models, and innovative applications. The workshop on Scalable Semantic Web Knowledge Base Systems (SSWS 2005) included 11 presentations selected from 21 submissions. Topics addressed are scalable repository and reasoning services, practical Semantic Web applications, query handling and optimization techniques.

The 2nd International Conference on Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems (CPAIOR2005)washeldinPrague,CzechRepublic,duringMay31-June1,2005. The conference is intended primarily as a forum to focus on the integration and hybridization of the approaches of constraint programming (CP), arti?cial intelligence (AI), and operations research (OR) technologies for solving large-scale and complex real-life optimization problems. Therefore, CPAIOR is never far from industrial applications. The high number of submissions received this year, almost 100 papers, in witness to the interest of the research community in this conference. From these submissions, we chose 26 to be published in full in the proceedings. This volume includes summaries of the invited talks of CPAIOR: one from industry, one from the embedded system research community, and one from the operations research community. The invited speakers were: Filippo Focacci from ILOGS.A.,France,oneoftheleadingcompaniesinthe?eld;PaulPop,professor in the Embedded Systems Lab in the Computer and Information Science - partment, Link* oping University; and Paul Williams, full professor of Operations Research at the London School of Economics. The day before CPAIOR, a Master Class was organized by Gilles Pesant, where leading researchers gave introductory and overview talks in the area of metaheuristics and constraint programming. The Master Class was intended for PhD students, researchers, and practitioners. We are very grateful to Gilles who brought this excellent program together. For conference publicity we warmly thank Willem Jan van Hoeve and Petr Vil' ?m who did a great job with the high number of submissions received.

The modern ?eld of multiagent systems has developed from two main lines of earlier research. Its practitioners generally regard it as a form of arti?cial intelligence (AI). Some of its earliest work was reported in a series of workshops in the US dating from1980,revealinglyentitled,"e;DistributedArti?cialIntelligence,"e;andpioneers often quoted a statement attributed to Nils Nilsson that "e;all AI is distributed. "e; The locus of classical AI was what happens in the head of a single agent, and much MAS research re?ects this heritage with its emphasis on detailed modeling of the mental state and processes of individual agents. From this perspective, intelligenceisultimatelythepurviewofasinglemind,thoughitcanbeampli?ed by appropriate interactions with other minds. These interactions are typically mediated by structured protocols of various sorts, modeled on human conver- tional behavior. But the modern ?eld of MAS was not born of a single parent. A few - searchershavepersistentlyadvocatedideasfromthe?eldofarti?ciallife(ALife). These scientists were impressed by the complex adaptive behaviors of commu- ties of animals (often extremely simple animals, such as insects or even micro- ganisms). The computational models on which they drew were often created by biologists who used them not to solve practical engineering problems but to test their hypotheses about the mechanisms used by natural systems. In the ar- ?cial life model, intelligence need not reside in a single agent, but emerges at the level of the community from the nonlinear interactions among agents. - cause the individual agents are often subcognitive, their interactions cannot be modeled by protocols that presume linguistic competence.

This is the fourth volume in a series of books dedicated to basic research in spatial cognition. Spatial cognition is a field that investigates the connection between the physical spatial world and the mental world. Philosophers and researchers have p- posed various views concerning the relation between the physical and the mental worlds: Plato considered pure concepts of thought as separate from their physical manifestations while Aristotle considered the physical and the mental realms as two aspects of the same substance. Descartes, a dualist, discussed the interaction between body and soul through an interface organ and thus introduced a functional view that presented a challenge for the natural sciences and the humanities. In modern psych- ogy, the relation between the physical and the cognitive space has been investigated using thorough experiments, and in artificial intelligence we have seen views as diverse as 'problems can be solved on a representation of the world' and 'a representation of the world is not necessary. ' Today's spatial cognition work establishes a correspondence between the mental and the physical worlds by studying and exploiting their interaction; it investigates how mental space and spatial "e;reality"e; join together in understanding the world and in interacting with it. The physical and representational aspects are equally important in this work. Almost all topics of cognitive science manifest themselves in spatial cognition.

Researchers in the ?eld of life sciences rely increasingly on information te- nology to extract and manage relevant knowledge. The complex computational and data management needs of life science research make Grid technologies an attractive support solution. However, many important issues must be addressed before the Life Science Grid becomes commonplace. The 1st International Life Science Grid Workshop (LSGRID 2004) was held in Kanazawa Japan, May 31-June 1, 2004. This workshop focused on life s- ence applications of grid systems especially for bionetwork research and systems biology which require heterogeneous data integration from genome to phenome, mathematical modeling and simulation from molecular to population levels, and high-performance computing including parallel processing, special hardware and grid computing. Fruitful discussions took place through 18 oral presentations, including a keynote address and ?ve invited talks, and 16 poster and demonstration p- sentations in the ?elds of grid infrastructure for life sciences, systems biology, massive data processing, databases and data grids, grid portals and pipelines for functional annotation, parallel and distributed applications, and life science grid projects. The workshop emphasized the practical aspects of grid techno- gies in terms of improving grid-enabled data/information/knowledge sharing, high-performance computing, and collaborative projects. There was agreement among the participants that the advancement of grid technologies for life science research requires further concerted actions and promotion of grid applications. We therefore concluded the workshop with the announcement of LSGRID 2005.

We are pleased to present the proceedings of the workshops held in conjunction with ER 2005, the 24th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling. The objective of these workshops was to extend the spectrum of the main conferencebygivingparticipantsanopportunitytopresentanddiscussemerging hot topics related to conceptual modeling and to add new perspectives to this key mechanism for understanding and representing organizations, including the new "e;virtual"e; e-environments and the information systems that support them. To meet this objective, we selected 5 workshops: - AOIS 2005: 7th International Bi-conference Workshop on Agent-Oriented Information Systems - BP-UML 2005: 1st International Workshop on Best Practices of UML - CoMoGIS 2005: 2nd International Workshop on Conceptual Modeling for Geographic Information Systems - eCOMO 2005: 6th International Workshop on Conceptual Modeling - proaches for E-business - QoIS 2005: 1st International Workshop on Quality of Information Systems These 5 workshops attracted 18, 27, 31, 9, and 17 papers, respectively. F- lowing the ER workshopphilosophy, program committees selected contributions on the basis of strong peer reviews in order to maintain a high standard for accepted papers. The committees accepted 8, 9, 12, 4, and 7 papers, for acc- tance ratesof 44%,33%,39%,44%, and 41%,respectively. In total, 40 workshop papers were selected out of 102 submissions with a weighted averageacceptance rate of 40%.

Conditionals are fascinating and versatile objects of knowledge representation. On the one hand, they may express rules in a very general sense, representing, for example, plausible relationships, physical laws, and social norms. On the other hand, as default rules or general implications, they constitute a basic tool for reasoning, even in the presence of uncertainty. In this sense, conditionals are intimately connected both to information and inference. Due to their non-Boolean nature, however, conditionals are not easily dealt with. They are not simply true or false - rather, a conditional "e;if A then B"e; provides a context, A, for B to be plausible (or true) and must not be confused with "e;A entails B"e; or with the material implication "e;not A or B."e; This ill- trates how conditionals represent information, understood in its strict sense as reduction of uncertainty. To learn that, in the context A, the proposition B is plausible, may reduce uncertainty about B and hence is information. The ab- ity to predict such conditioned propositions is knowledge and as such (earlier) acquired information. The ?rst work on conditional objects dates back to Boole in the 19th c- tury, and the interest in conditionals was revived in the second half of the 20th century, when the emerging Arti?cial Intelligence made claims for appropriate formaltoolstohandle"e;generalizedrules."e;Sincethen,conditionalshavebeenthe topic of countless publications, each emphasizing their relevance for knowledge representation, plausible reasoning, nonmonotonic inference, and belief revision.

We are delighted to welcome readers to the proceedings of the 6th Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia (PCM). The first PCM was held in Sydney, Australia, in 2000. Since then, it has been hosted successfully by Beijing, China, in 2001, Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 2002, Singapore in 2003, and Tokyo, Japan, in 2004, and finally Jeju, one of the most beautiful and fantastic islands in Korea. This year, we accepted 181 papers out of 570 submissions including regular and special session papers. The acceptance rate of 32% indicates our commitment to ensuring a very high-quality conference. This would not be possible without the full support of the excellent Technical Committee and anonymous reviewers that provided timely and insightful reviews. We would therefore like to thank the Program Committee and all reviewers. The program of this year reflects the current interests of the PCM's. The accepted papers cover a range of topics, including, all aspects of multimedia, both technical and artistic perspectives and both theoretical and practical issues. The PCM 2005 program covers tutorial sessions and plenary lectures as well as regular presentations in three tracks of oral sessions and a poster session in a single track. We have tried to expand the scope of PCM to the artistic papers which need not to be strictly technical.

Welcome to the proceedings of PATMOS 2005, the 15th in a series of international workshops.PATMOS2005wasorganizedbyIMECwithtechnicalco-sponsorshipfrom the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. Over the years, PATMOS has evolved into an important European event, where - searchers from both industry and academia discuss and investigate the emerging ch- lenges in future and contemporary applications, design methodologies, and tools - quired for the developmentof upcominggenerationsof integrated circuits and systems. The technical program of PATMOS 2005 contained state-of-the-art technical contri- tions, three invited talks, a special session on hearing-aid design, and an embedded - torial. The technical program focused on timing, performance and power consumption, as well as architectural aspects with particular emphasis on modeling, design, char- terization, analysis and optimization in the nanometer era. The Technical Program Committee, with the assistance of additional expert revi- ers, selected the 74 papers to be presented at PATMOS. The papers were divided into 11 technical sessions and 3 poster sessions. As is always the case with the PATMOS workshops, the review process was anonymous, full papers were required, and several reviews were carried out per paper. Beyond the presentations of the papers, the PATMOS technical program was - riched by a series of speeches offered by world class experts, on important emerging research issues of industrial relevance. Prof. Jan Rabaey, Berkeley, USA, gave a talk on "e;Traveling the Wild Frontier of Ulta Low-Power Design"e;, Dr. Sung Bae Park, S- sung, gave a presentation on "e;DVL (Deep Low Voltage): Circuits and Devices"e;, Prof.