Bücher veröffentlicht von Springer Berlin Heidelberg

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Passive and Active Measurement, PAM 2007, held in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, April 2007. Coverage focuses on research and practical applications of network measurement and analysis techniques, detailing interdomain routing, P2P, wireless 802.11, wireless 3G/CDMA/Bluetooth, infrastructure and services, traffic, and measurement principles.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the IFIP-TC6 6th Annual International Working Conference on Active Networks, IWAN 2004, held in Lawrence, KS, USA in October 2004.The 14 revised full papers presented together with one invited paper are organized in topical sections on active networking systems, active networking security, active networking applications, mobile active networks, and active networking management.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 29th annual European Conference on Information Retrieval Research, ECIR 2007, held in Rome, Italy in April 2007. The papers are organized in topical sections on theory and design, efficiency, peer-to-peer networks, result merging, queries, relevance feedback, evaluation, classification and clustering, filtering, topic identification, expert finding, XML IR, Web IR, and multimedia IR.

The Second International Conference on Fuzzy Information and Engineering (ICFIE2007) is a major symposium for scientists, engineers and practitioners in China as well as the world to present their latest results, ideas, developments and applications in all areas of fuzzy information and knowledge engineering. It aims to strengthen relations between industry research laboratories and universities, and to create a primary symposium for world scientists.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Applied Reconfigurable Computing, ARC 2007, held in Mangaratiba, Brazil, in March 2007. The 27 full papers and 10 short papers presented together with a late-comer contribution from ARC 2006 are organized in topical sections on architectures, mapping techniques and tools, arithmetic, and applications.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 7th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science, VECPAR 2006, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 2006. The 44 revised full papers presented together with one invited paper and 12 revised workshop papers cover Grid computing, cluster computing, numerical methods, large-scale simulations in Physics, and computing in Biosciences.

Victor R. Basili, Dieter Rombach, and Kurt Schneider Introduction In 1992, a Dagstuhl seminar was held on "e;Experimental Software Engineering Issues"e; (seminar no. 9238). Its goal was to discuss the state of the art of empirical software engineering (ESE) by assessing past accomplishments, raising open questions, and proposing a future research agenda. Since 1992, the topic of ESE has been adopted more widely by academia as an interesting and promising research topic, and in industrial practice as a necessary infrastructure technology for goal-oriented, sustained process improvement. At the same time, the spectrum of methods applied in ESE has broadened. For example, in 1992, the empirical methods applied in software engineering were basically restricted to quantitative studies (mostly controlled experiments), whereas since then, a range of qualitative methods have been introduced, from observational to ethnographical studies. Thus, the field can be said to have moved from experimental to empirical software engineering. We believe that it is now time to again bring together practitioners and researchers to identify both the progress made since 1992 and the most important challenges for the next five to ten years.

The ARCS series of conferences has over 30 years of tradition reporting hi- quality results in computer architecture and operating systems research. While the conference is proud of its long tradition, it is also proud to represent a - namic, evolving community that closely follows new research trends and topics. Thus, over the last few years, ARCS has evolved towards a strong focus on s- tem aspects of pervasive computing and self-organization techniques (organic and autonomic computing). At the same time it has expanded from its roots as a German Informatics Society (GI/ITG) conference to an international event. This is re?ected by the composition of the TPC which included over 30 renown scientist from 10 di?erent countries. The conference attracted 83 submission from 16 countries across 4 continents. Of those, 20 have been accepted, which amounts to an acceptance rate below 25%. The 20th ARCS event was a special anniversary conference. It is only ?tting that it was held at a special place: the ETH Zurich. It combines one of the leading information technology schools in Europe with a beautiful location.

Software development for the automotive domain has become the enabling te- nologyforalmostallsafety-criticalandcomfortfunctionso?eredtothecustomer. Ninety percentofallinnovations inautomotive systems aredirectly or indirectly enabled by embedded software. The numbers of serious accidents have declined in recent years, despite constantly increasing tra?c; this is correlated with the introduction of advanced, software-enabled functionality for driver assistance, such as electronic stability control. Software contributes signi?cantly to the - tomotive value chain. By 2010 it is estimated that software will make up 40% of the value creation of automotive electrics/electronics. However, with the large number of software-enabled functions, their int- actions, and the corresponding networking and operating infrastructure, come signi?cant complexities both during the automotive systems engineering p- cess and at runtime. A central challenge for automotive systems development is the scattering of functionality across multiple subsystems, such as electronic control units (ECUs) and the associated networks. As an example, consider the central locking systems (CLS), whose functionality is spread out over up to 19 di?erent ECUs in some luxury cars. Of course, this includes advanced functi- ality, such as seat positioning and radio tuning according to driver presets upon entry, as well as unlocking in case of a detected impact or accident. However, thisexampledemonstratesthatmodernautomotivesystemsbridgecomfort-and safety-critical functionality. This induces particular demands on safety and - curity, and, in general, software and systems quality. The resulting challenges and opportunities were discussed, in depth, at the second Automotive Software Workshop San Diego (ASWSD) 2006, on whose results we report here.

The papers in this volume were presented at PARA 2000, the Fifth International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing. PARA 2000 was held in Bergen, Norway, June 18-21, 2000. The workshop was organized by Parallab and the Department of Informatics at the University of Bergen. The general theme for PARA 2000 was New paradigms for HPC in industry and academia focusing on: { High-performance computing applications in academia and industry, { The use of Java in high-performance computing, { Grid and Meta computing, { Directions in high-performance computing and networking, { Education in Computational Science. The workshop included 9 invited presentations and 39 contributed pres- tations. The PARA 2000 meeting began with a one-day tutorial on OpenMP programming led by Timothy Mattson. This was followed by a three-day wor- hop. The rst three PARA workshops were held at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby (1994, 1995, and 1996). Following PARA'96, an - ternational steering committee for the PARA meetings was appointed and the committee decided that a workshop should take place every second year in one of the Nordic countries. The 1998 workshop was held at Ume a University, Sweden. One important aim of these workshops is to strengthen the ties between HPC centers, academia, and industry in the Nordic countries as well as worldwide. The University of Bergen organized the 2000 workshop and the next workshop in the year 2002 will take place at the Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland.

IMPROVE stands for "e;Information Technology Support for Collaborative and Distributed Design Processes in Chemical Engineering"e; and is a large joint project of research institutions at RWTH Aachen University. This volume summarizes the results after 9 years of cooperative research work. The focus of IMRPOVE is on understanding, formalizing, evaluating, and, consequently, improving design processes in chemical engineering. In particular, IMPROVE focuses on conceptual design and basic engineering, where the fundamental decisions concerning the design or redesign of a chemical plant are undertaken. Design processes are analyzed and evaluated in collaboration with industrial partners.

The next major step in millimetre astronomy, and one of the highest-priority items in radio astronomy today, is a large millimetre array with a collecting area 2 of up to 10 000 m . A project of this scale will almost certainly require inter- national collaboration, at least within Europe, and possibly with other major partners elsewhere. In order to establish a focal point for this project within Europe, a study has been undertaken by the Institut de Radio Astronomie Mil- Ii met rique (IRAM), the European Southern Observatory (ESO), The Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), and The Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy (NFRA). In the context of this project, a workshop attended by some 100 participants was held at ESO Garching on December 11-13, 1995 to discuss the scientific advances such an array will make possible. Throughout the three days of the workshop the strong enthusiasm for the concept of a large millimetre array in the southern hemisphere (the Large South- ern Array, or LSA) was obvious, and it became clear that such a facility would have a profound impact on almost all areas of observational astrophysics. It was particularly clear that, since their main science drivers (cosmology, and the origins of galaxies, stars and planets) are the same, and their angular resolutions and sensitivities similar, the LSA and the VLT would strongly complement each other.

Models have become essential for dealing with the numerous aspects involved in developing and maintaining complex IT systems. Models allow capturing of the relevant aspects of a system from a given perspective, and at a precise level of abstraction. In addition to models, the transformations between them are other key elements in model-driven engineering. Model transformations allow the de?nition and implementation of the operations on models, and also provide achainthatenablestheautomateddevelopmentofasystemfromitscorrespo- ing models. Furthermore, model transformations may be realized using models, and are, therefore, an integral part of any model-driven approach. There are already several proposals for model transformation speci?cation, implementation and execution, which are beginning to be used by modeling practitioners. However, model transformations need specialized support in s- eral aspects in order to realize their full potential. The problem goes beyond having speci?c languages to represent model transformations; we also need to understandtheirfoundations,suchasthekeyconceptsandoperatorssupporting those languages, their semantics, and their structuring mechanisms and pr- erties (e. g. , modularity, composability and parametrization). In addition, model transformations can be stored in repositories as reusable assets, where they can be managed, discovered and reused. There is also a need to chain and combine model transformations in order to produce new and more powerful transfor- tions, and to be able to implement new operations on models. Finally, model transformations need methodology support, i. e. , they need to be integrated into software development methodologies supported by appropriate tools and en- ronments. These issues and concerns de?ne the focus of these proceedings.

Informatics Education - Supporting Computational Thinking contains papers presented at the Third International Conference on Informatics in Secondary Schools - Evolution and Perspective, ISSEP 2008, held in July 2008 in Torun, Poland. As with the proceedings of the two previous ISSEP conferences (2005 in Klag- furt, Austria, and 2006 in Vilnius, Lithuania), the papers presented in this volume address issues of informatics education transcending national boundaries and, the- fore, transcending differences in the various national legislation and organization of the educational system. Observing these issues, one might notice a trend. The p- ceedings of the First ISSEP were termed From Computer Literacy to Informatics F- damentals [1]. There, broad room was given to general education in ICT. The ECDL, the European Computer Driving License, propagated since the late 1990s, had pe- trated school at this time already on a broad scale and teachers, parents, as well as pupils were rather happy with this situation. Teachers had material that had a clear scope, was relatively easy to teach, and especially easy to examine. Parents had the assurance that their children learn "e;modern and relevant stuff,"e; and for kids the c- puter was sufficiently modern so that anything that had to do with computers was c- sidered to be attractive. Moreover, the difficulties of programming marking the early days of informatics education in school seemed no longer relevant. Some colleagues had a more distant vision though.

Wenn wir Schlittschuh uber dunnes Eis laufen, liegt unser Heil nur in der Schnelligkeit."e; meinte Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 82), amerikanischer Philosoph und Dichter. Innovationsorientierte Unternehmen mussen in der Lage sein zu beschleunigen, wenn es drauf ankommt. Sie mussen die Na se vorn haben"e; mit Erfolg versprechenden Neuerungen, um die Konkur renz auf dem uberlasteten Eis formlich stehen zu lassen. Wie sieht das Umfeld in der Forschung und Entwicklung heutzutage aus? Zeit und Kostendruck, eine stark differenzierte Markt bzw. Kun denorientierung, sowie steigende Qualitatsanforderungen sowohl bei den Produkten wie auch den zugehorigen Prozessen bilden herausfordernde und treibende Rahmenbedingungen. Innovationen mussen in diesem turbu lenten und komplexen Umfeld nicht nur zielgerichtet und Ressourcen schonend sondern auch schnell und effizient entwickelt werden. Wer auf dunnem Eis verharrt, kann schnell einbrechen."e; Entwicklung und Erprobung innovativer Produkte - Rapid Prototy ping"e; ist die Zielsetzung des von der DFG geforderten Sonderforschungs bereichs 374, dessen Ergebnisse in diesem Band beschrieben werden.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Engineering Self-Organising Applications, ESOA 2006, held in Hakodate, Japan in May 2006. This was an associated event of AAMAS 2006, the 5th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. The seven full papers presented together with six invited papers were carefully selected for inclusion in the book.

Frau beit biertischtanzenden Mann und dies fhrt zu einem mehrwchigen Krankenhausaufenthalt. Reale klinische Flle zum problemorientierten LernenFalldarstellung - Fragen - Auflsung mit Hintergrundwissen Jeder Fall erzeugt einen exemplarischen AHA-Effekt"e;Schulen Sie Ihren Blick fr Differenzialdiagnostik, Diagnose und Therapie.Dran denken"e; ist wichtig! - Nur was man kennt, erkennt man auch. Der reale klinische Alltag bietet die verschiedensten VariantenVon der normalen"e; Pneumokokken-Pneumonie bis zu Parasiten auf der Intensivstation.Alle Inhalte von anerkannten Fachleuten verfasst. Spannend - jeder Fall eine kleine detektivische Aufgabe!Htten Sie's gewusst?Infektionskrankheiten nehmen zu, Infektionen gehen uns alle an, mit Infektionen wird jeder in der klinischen Praxis konfrontiert. Deshalb wendet sich dieses Buch an jeden praktisch ttigen Arzt: Internisten, Allgemeinmediziner, Pdiater, Intensivmediziner, Infektiologen, an Medizinische Mikrobiologen ... und an alle Medizinstudenten, die fall- und problemorientiert lernen.

At close inspection every galaxy appears to have its own individuality.A galaxy can be warped, lop-sided, doubly-nucleated, boxy or disky, ... in its own specific, peculiar way. Hence, for a complete description, galaxy taxonomy may ask for finer and finer classification schemes. However, for some applications it may be more fruitful to let details aside and focus on some global properties of galaxies. One is then seeking to measure just a few quantities for each galaxy, a minimum set of globalobservables that yet captures some essential aspect of these objects. One very successful example of this approach is offered by the scaling rela- tions of galaxies, the subject of the international workshop held at ESO head- quarters in Garching on November 19-21, 1996. Discovered in the late 1970's, the Tully-Fisher relation for the spirals and the Faber-Jackson relation, or its more recent version the Fundamental Plane, for ellipticals have now become flourishing fields of astronomical research in their own right, as well as being widely used tools for a broad range of astronomical investigations. The work- shop was designed to address three key issues on galaxy scaling relations, i.e., their Origins, Evolution, and Applications in astronomy. The Origins of galaxy scaling relations still escape our full understanding.

CiE 2008: Logic and Theory of Algorithms Athens, Greece, June 15-20, 2008 Computability in Europe (CiE) is an informal network of European scientists working on computability theory, including its foundations, technical devel- ment, and applications. Among the aims of the network is to advance our t- oretical understanding of what can and cannot be computed, by any means of computation. Its scienti?c vision is broad: computations may be performed with discrete or continuous data by all kinds of algorithms, programs, and - chines. Computations may be made by experimenting with any sort of physical system obeying the laws of a physical theory such as Newtonian mechanics, quantum theory, or relativity. Computations may be very general, depending on the foundations of set theory; or very speci?c, using the combinatorics of ?nite structures. CiE also works on subjects intimately related to computation, especially theories of data and information, and methods for formal reasoning about computations. The sources of new ideas and methods include practical developments in areas such as neural networks, quantum computation, natural computation, molecular computation, computational learning. Applications are everywhere,especially, in algebra,analysisand geometry, or data types and p- gramming. Within CiE there is general recognition of the underlying relevance of computability to physics and a broad range of other sciences, providing as it does a basic analysis of the causal structure of dynamical systems. Thisvolume,Logic andTheory of Algorithms,istheproceedingsofthefourth in a series of conferences of CiE that was held at the University of Athens, June 15-20, 2008.

It has always been ESO's aim to operate the VLT in an interferometric mode (VLTI) which allows the coherent combination of stellar light beams col- lected by the four 8-m telescopes and by several smaller auxiliary telescopes. In December 1993, in response to financial difficulties, the ESO Council de- cided to postpone implement at ion of the VLTI, Coude trains and associated adaptive optics for all the UTs but included provisions for continuing tech- nological and development programmes devoted to the aim of reintroducing these capabilities at the earliest possible date. The desirability of carrying out the full VLTI programme as originally envisaged at the earliest possible moment has not, however, diminished, es- pecially in view of VLTI's exceptional capabilities and resulting potential for new and exciting discoveries. In recent years, interferometric projects have begun to playa central role in ground-based high-resolution astronomy, and numerous instruments have been completed or are in the process of construc- tion. Several large-aperture interferometers will probably co me on-line near the turn of the century. The impending presence of these new instruments represents an important incentive both for clarifying the scientific cases for various VLTI implementation plans and for ensuring VLTI's competitiveness in the international context over the next 1O~20 years.

The Colloquium on Structure, Information, Communication, and Complexity (SIROCCO) is an annual research meeting focused on the relationship between information and e?ciency in decentralized (distributed, parallel, and network) computing.Thisyear,SIROCCOcelebratedits15thanniversary.Overtheyears, the colloquium has become a widely recognized forum bringing together - searchers interested in the fundamental principles underlying the interplay - tween local structural knowledge and global communication and computation complexity. SIROCCO covers topics such as distributed algorithms, compact data structures, information dissemination, informative labeling schemes, c- binatorial optimization, and others, with potential applications to large-scale distributed systems including global computing platforms, peer-to-peer systems andapplications,socialnetworks,wirelessnetworks,andnetworkprotocols(such as routing, broadcasting, localization). SIROCCO 2008 was held in Villars-sur- Ollon, in the Swiss Alps, June 17-20, 2008. There were 52 contributions submitted to SIROCCO 2008. All papers - derwent a thorough refereeing process, where each submission was reviewed by at least 3, and on average 3.4, Program Committee members. After in-depth discussions, the Program Committee selected 22 high-quality contributions for presentation at the colloquium and publication in this volume. We thank the authors of all the submitted papers, the Program Committee members, and the external reviewers. Without their dedication, we could not have prepared a program of such quality. ThereweretwoinvitedspeakersatSIROCCO2008:NicolaSantoro(Carleton University) and Boaz Patt-Shamir (Tel-Aviv University). We express our gratitude to the SIROCCO Steering Committee, and in p- ticulartoPierreFraigniaudforhisenthusiasmandhisinvaluablehelpthroughout the preparation of this event.

The Annual International Frontiers in Algorithmics Workshop is a focused - rum on current trends in research on algorithms, discrete structures, and their applications. It intends to bring together international experts at the research frontiers in those areas to exchange ideas and to present signi?cant new results. The mission of the workshop is to stimulate the various ?elds for which al- rithmics can become a crucial enabler, and to strengthen the ties between the Eastern and Western algorithmics research communities. The Second Inter- tional Frontiers in Algorithmics Workshop (FAW 2008) took place in Changsha, China, June 19-21, 2008. In response to the Call for Papers, 80 papers were submitted from 15 co- tries and regions: Canada, China, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Iran, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and the USA. After a six-week period of careful reviewing and discussion, the Program C- mittee accepted 32 submissions for presentation at the conference. These papers were selected for nine special focus tracks in the areas of biomedical inform- ics, discrete structures, geometric information processing and communication, games and incentive analysis, graph algorithms, internet algorithms and pro- cols, parameterized algorithms, design and analysis of heuristics, approximate and online algorithms, and machine learning. The program of FAW 2008 also included three keynote talks by Xiaotie Deng, John E. Hopcroft, and Milan Sonka.

The 21st International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems (IEA-AIE 2008) held in Wroclaw, Poland was an international scientific forum for researchers in the field of applied artificial intelligence. The presentations of the invited speakers and the authors focused on developing and employing methods and systems to solve real-life problems in all applied intelligence areas. The IEA-AIE conference series, chaired by Moonis Ali, has a very long tradition, and it is the first time it was hosted in Poland. We received 302 papers from 52 countries. Each paper was sent to at least three Program Committee members for review. Although the general quality of the submissions was very high, only 90 best papers were selected for oral presentation and publication in the LNAI proceedings. The papers in the proceedings cover the following topics: computer vision, fuzzy system applications, robot, manufacturing, data mining and knowledge discovery, neural network, machine learning, natural language processing, Internet application, e-learning, heuristic search, application systems, agent-based system, evolutionary and genetic algorithms, knowledge management, and other applications. These papers highlight new trends and frontiers of applied artificial intelligence and show how new research could lead to new and innovative applications. We hope you will find these works useful and inspiring for your own research. We would like to express our sincere thanks to the Program Committee members and all the reviewers for their hard work, which helped us to select the highest quality papers for the conference.

This volume contains the papers presented at the inaugural workshop on Data Mining and Bioinformatics at the 32nd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB). The purpose of this workshop was to begin bringing - gether researchersfrom database, data mining, and bioinformatics areas to help leverage respective successes in each to the others. We also hope to expose the richness, complexity, and challenges in this area that involves mining very large complex biological data that will only grow in size and complexity as geno- scale high-throughput techniques become more routine. The problems are s- ?ciently di?erent enough from traditional data mining problems (outside of life sciences) that novel approaches must be taken to data mine in this area. The workshop was held in Seoul, Korea, on September 11, 2006. We received 30 submissions in response to the call for papers. Each subm- sion was assigned to at least three members of the Program Committee. The Program Committee discussed the submission electronically, judging them on their importance, originality, clarity, relevance, and appropriateness to the - pected audience. The Program Committee selected 15 papers for presentation. These papers arein the areasof microarraydata analysis, bioinformaticssystem and text retrieval, application of gene expression data, and sequence analysis. Because of the format of the workshop and the high number of submissions, many good papers could not be included.

This practical, comprehensive book provides succinct and up-to-date information on the value of the various diagnostic radiological measurements made using all the imaging modalities currently employed in the management of a wide spectrum of musculoskeletal disorders. The book has a unique design, with three distinct but dove-tailed sections. All chapters are written by experts in the field, drawn from across Europe, and the book is lavishly illustrated throughout.

The volume contains the papers selected for presentation at IPCO 2008, the 13th International Conference on Integer Programming and Combinatorial - timization that was held in Bertinoro (Italy), May 26-28, 2008. The IPCO series of conferences, sponsored by the Mathematical Progr- ming Society, highlights recent developments in theory, computation, and app- cation of integer programming and combinatorial optimization. The ?rst conf- ence took place in 1990; starting from IPCO 1995, the proceedings are published in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series. The 12 previous IPCO conferences were held in Waterloo (Canada) 1990, Pittsburgh (USA) 1992, Erice (Italy) 1993, Copenhagen (Denmark) 1995 [LNCS 920], Vancouver (Canada) 1996 [LNCS 1084], Houston (USA) 1998 [LNCS 1412], Graz (Austria) 1999 [LNCS 1610], Utrecht (The Netherlands) 2001 [LNCS 2081], Boston (USA) 2002 [LNCS 2337], New York (USA) 2004 [LNCS 2986], Berlin (Germany) 2005 [LNCS 3509], and Ithaca (USA) 2007 [LNCS 4168]. The c- ference is not held in the years when the International Symposium of the Ma- ematical Programming Society takes place.

The 2008 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2008), held during June 1-6, 2008 in Hong Kong, China, marked an important milestone in advancing the paradigms of the new fields of computational intelligence. As the fifth event in the series that has spanned the globe (Orlando-1994, Anchorage-1998, Honolulu-2002, Vancouver-2006), the congress offered renewed and refreshing focus on the progress in nature-inspired and linguistically motivated computation. Most of the congress's program featured regular and special technical sessions that provided participants with new insights into the most recent developments in the field. As a tradition, in addition to the parallel technical sessions, WCCI holds a series of plenary and invited lectures which are not included in the congress proceedings. As its predecessors, at WCCI 2008, 20 expert speakers shared their expertise on broader, if not panoramic, topics spanning a diverse spectrum of computational intelligence in the areas of neurocomputing, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computation, and adjacent areas. Thanks to their time and expertise, we endeavored to offer this volume to attendees directly at the congress and the general public afterwards.